{"id":1027,"date":"2014-08-05T23:02:11","date_gmt":"2014-08-05T23:02:11","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.harpahreins.com\/blogg\/?p=1027"},"modified":"2014-08-06T21:54:51","modified_gmt":"2014-08-06T21:54:51","slug":"rafrettur-lyfjastofnun-og-nikotinlyf","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2014\/08\/05\/rafrettur-lyfjastofnun-og-nikotinlyf\/","title":{"rendered":"Rafrettur, Lyfjastofnun og nik\u00f3t\u00ednlyf"},"content":{"rendered":"
\"Gufarar\"<\/a>

Gufarar<\/p><\/div>\n

Rafs\u00edgarettur (e-cig) eru t\u00e6ki sem framlei\u00f0a gufu til a\u00f0 anda a\u00f0 s\u00e9r og l\u00edkjast oftast s\u00edgarettum a\u00f0 l\u00f6gun. Gufan myndast \u00far v\u00f6kva og s\u00e9 nik\u00f3t\u00edn \u00ed v\u00f6kvanum anda menn \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00e9r eins og \u00ed t\u00f3baksreyk en einnig eru f\u00e1anlegir alls konar v\u00f6kvar sem einungis innihalda brag\u00f0efni. Nik\u00f3t\u00edninn\u00f6ndun er \u00fea\u00f0 eina sem er sameiginlegt rafs\u00edgarettum og venjulegum s\u00edgarettum og notendur \u00feeirra kalla \u00feetta ekki a\u00f0 reykja heldur\u00a0a\u00f0 gufa<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

Rafs\u00edgarettur komu fyrst \u00e1 marka\u00f0 \u00ed K\u00edna vori\u00f0 2004 og K\u00ednverjar eru enn lei\u00f0andi \u00ed framlei\u00f0slu \u00feeirra og \u00edhluta \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6r. (\u00deeim sem hafa \u00edmugust \u00e1 k\u00ednverskum v\u00f6rum og efast um g\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feeirra er bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 l\u00edklega eru t\u00f6lvurnar \u00feeirra og m\u00f6rg raft\u00e6ki \u00e1 heimilinu full af \u00edhlutum framleiddum \u00ed K\u00edna \ud83d\ude09 ) Rafs\u00edgarettur eru af \u00fdmsum toga en algengast er eitthva\u00f0 sem l\u00edtur \u00fat \u00e1 \u00feessa lei\u00f0:<\/p>\n

\"rafs\u00edgaretta\"<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00cd tankinum (geyminum) sem skr\u00fafa\u00f0ur er \u00e1 rafhl\u00f6\u00f0una er hitari. \u00dar honum liggja \u00fer\u00e6\u00f0ir sem soga upp v\u00f6kvann \u00ed tankinum, hita hann \u00e1 \u00f6rskotsstund svo hann ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 gufu sem notandi andar a\u00f0 s\u00e9r. Notandi andar fr\u00e1 s\u00e9r svo til hreinni gufu sem er \u00f3l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 hafi \u00e1hrif \u00e1 n\u00e6rstadda og er n\u00e1nast lyktarlaus. \u00c1 vef\u00a0Gaxa<\/em><\/a>, \u00edslensks fyrirt\u00e6kis sem selur rafs\u00edgarettur, m\u00e1 sj\u00e1\u00a0myndir af \u00feessum \u00edhlutum \u00ed rafretturnar<\/a>. Rafhl\u00f6\u00f0urnar m\u00e1 hla\u00f0a \u00ed t\u00f6lvu e\u00f0a \u00ed venjulegri innstungu.<\/p>\n

Gaxa<\/em>\u00a0hefur hins vegar ekki leyfi til a\u00f0 selja v\u00f6kva sem innihalda nik\u00f3t\u00edn. \u00dea\u00f0 er vegna \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0unar Lyfjastofnunar um a\u00f0 nik\u00f3t\u00ednv\u00f6kvi skuli teljast lyf. Sama gildir um a\u00f0rar \u00edslenskar vefs\u00ed\u00f0ur sem selja rafrettur, s.s.\u00a0Rafreyk<\/a><\/em>,\u00a0eLIFE<\/em><\/a>\u00a0og e.t.v. fleiri.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Nik\u00f3t\u00ednlyf og lyf til a\u00f0 h\u00e6tta a\u00f0 reykja<\/h3>\n

\u00c1 \u00edslenskum marka\u00f0i eru fyrir nokkrar ger\u00f0ir svokalla\u00f0ra nik\u00f3t\u00ednlyfja. M\u00e1 nefna nik\u00f3t\u00edntyggj\u00f3, nik\u00f3t\u00edn\u00fa\u00f0a og nik\u00f3t\u00ednsogt\u00f6flur. \u00deetta d\u00f3t er einkum framleitt af tveimur lyfjarisum: Nicotinell er framleitt af Novartis, sem er me\u00f0al fimm s\u00f6luh\u00e6stu lyfjafyrirt\u00e6kja heims. Einkaleyfi\u00f0 \u00e1 Nicorette \u00e1 hins vegar GlaxoSmithKline, \u00ed Bandar\u00edkjunum, og Johnson&Johnson \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu (Nicorette berst til \u00cdslands gegnum d\u00f3tturfyrirt\u00e6ki Johnson&Johnson, McNeil Denmark ApS). B\u00e6\u00f0i \u00feessi fyrirt\u00e6ki eru lyfjarisar sem hafa margoft veri\u00f0 l\u00f6gs\u00f3ttir fyrir \u00fdmislegt svindl \u00ed marka\u00f0ssetningu lyfja og sv\u00ednar\u00ed \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptah\u00e1ttum. Ekkert af \u00feessum nik\u00f3t\u00ednlyfjum er \u00f3d\u00fdrt. En \u00fea\u00f0 er bullandi bissniss \u00ed a\u00f0 selja f\u00f3lki \u00feetta, t.d. er Nicorette “eitt st\u00e6rsta lyfi\u00f0 \u00e1 lausas\u00f6lumarka\u00f0i h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi”,\u00a0a\u00f0 s\u00f6gn innflytjanda \u00feess<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g \u00feekki marga sem hafa h\u00e6tt a\u00f0 reykja me\u00f0 hj\u00e1lp svona nik\u00f3t\u00ednlyfja. Hins vegar er st\u00f3r hluti \u00feeirra f\u00f3lk sem hefur tuggi\u00f0 nik\u00f3t\u00edntyggj\u00f3 \u00e1rum saman og tyggur enn (getur ekki h\u00e6tt), svo \u00fea\u00f0 er spurning um \u00f6skuna og eldinn, s\u00e9 haft \u00ed huga hva\u00f0a aukaverkanir \u00feessi lyf hafa.<\/p>\n

\u00cd lei\u00f0inni er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 geta eins lyfs sem \u00e1v\u00edsa\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 \u00feeim sem vilja h\u00e6tta a\u00f0 reykja. \u00dea\u00f0 er ekki nik\u00f3t\u00ednlyf heldur \u00feunglyndislyf. \u00deegar lyfinu er \u00e1v\u00edsa\u00f0 til a\u00f0 h\u00e6tta a\u00f0 reykja heitir \u00fea\u00f0\u00a0Zyban<\/a>\u00a0en \u00feegar \u00fev\u00ed er \u00e1v\u00edsa\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00feunglyndi heitir \u00fea\u00f0\u00a0Wellbutrin<\/a>. \u00deetta er n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega sama lyfi\u00f0 og r\u00e1\u00f0lagir dagskammtar \u00feeir s\u00f6mu. \u00c9g hef reynslu af \u00feessu lyfi gefnu vi\u00f0 \u00feunglyndi \u00e1ri\u00f0 2009; \u00dea\u00f0 virka\u00f0i ekkert gegn \u00feunglyndi, \u00e9g fann ekki fyrir minnstu \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 a\u00f0 draga \u00far reykingum en hins vegar var\u00f0 a\u00f0 minnka lyfjaskammtinn ni\u00f0ur \u00ed l\u00e1gmark (150 mg) \u00fev\u00ed aukaverkun af lyfinu var a\u00f0 skj\u00e1lfa svo heiftarlega fr\u00e1 toppi til t\u00e1ar a\u00f0 \u00e9g gat hvorki drukki\u00f0 \u00far glasi n\u00e9 bolla, einungis st\u00fatk\u00f6nnu. Zyban\/Wellbutrin er einmitt framleitt af GlaxoKlineSmith og m\u00e1 kannski \u00ed lei\u00f0inni geta \u00feess a\u00f0 fyrirt\u00e6ki\u00f0 reyndi a\u00f0 marka\u00f0ssetja sama lyf einnig sem megrunarlyf og getuleysislyf en bandar\u00edskur alr\u00edkisd\u00f3mst\u00f3ll d\u00e6mdi fyrirt\u00e6ki\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feriggja milljar\u00f0a sekt fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 tilt\u00e6ki\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 2012.<\/p>\n

\u00c1lit Lyfjastofnunar \u00e1 nik\u00f3t\u00ednv\u00f6kva<\/h3>\n

L\u00f6ndum innan Evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0isins er \u00ed sj\u00e1lfsvald sett hvernig \u00feau vilja flokka nik\u00f3t\u00ednv\u00f6kva \u00ed rafs\u00edgarettur. Lyfjastofnun sem vir\u00f0ist fara me\u00f0 alr\u00e6\u00f0isvald h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi hefur \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 flokka sl\u00edkan v\u00f6kva sem lyf og ber fyrir sig\u00a02. t\u00f6luli\u00f0. 1. mgr. 5. gr.\u00a0Lyfjalaga nr. 93\/1994<\/em><\/a>, sem er \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00e1 skilgreiningunni \u00e1 lyfi \u00ed lyfjal\u00f6ggj\u00f6f Evr\u00f3pu og afskaplega illskiljanleg:<\/p>\n

2. [Lyf: Hvers konar efni e\u00f0a efnasamsetningar sem s\u00f6g\u00f0 eru b\u00faa yfir eiginleikum sem koma a\u00f0 gagni vi\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma hj\u00e1 m\u00f6nnum e\u00f0a d\u00fdrum e\u00f0a vi\u00f0 forvarnir gegn sj\u00fakd\u00f3mum e\u00f0a hvers konar efni e\u00f0a efnasamsetningar sem nota m\u00e1 fyrir menn e\u00f0a d\u00fdr e\u00f0a gefa \u00feeim, anna\u00f0hvort \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed skyni a\u00f0 endurheimta, lagf\u00e6ra e\u00f0a breyta l\u00edfe\u00f0lisfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegri starfsemi fyrir tilstilli l\u00edflyfjafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegrar e\u00f0a \u00f3n\u00e6misfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegrar verkunar e\u00f0a verkunar \u00e1 efnaskipti e\u00f0a til \u00feess a\u00f0 sta\u00f0festa sj\u00fakd\u00f3msgreiningu.]<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki \u00e1hlaupsverk a\u00f0 t\u00falka \u00feessa lagagrein me\u00f0 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lapr\u00f3f \u00ed \u00edslensku ein a\u00f0 vopni., hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 koma auga \u00e1 hvernig h\u00fan getur r\u00f6kstutt \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1kv\u00f6r\u00f0un Lyfjastofnunar a\u00f0 telja nik\u00f3t\u00ednv\u00f6kva \u00ed rafs\u00edgarettutanka vera lyf. En \u00fea\u00f0 hefur Lyfjastofnun \u00edtreka\u00f0\u00a031. j\u00fal\u00ed 2009<\/a>,\u00a020. n\u00f3vember 2009<\/a>\u00a0\u00a0og\u00a03. jan\u00faar 2014<\/a>\u00a0(og e.t.v. oftar).<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00feessum tilkynningum er hamra\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 “innflutningur \u00e1 rafs\u00edgarettum me\u00f0 nik\u00f3t\u00edni til endurs\u00f6lu er \u00f3heimill s\u00e9 marka\u00f0sleyfi skv. lyfjal\u00f6gum, nr. 93\/1994, ekki fyrir hendi.” (tilv. \u00ed tilkynninguna fr\u00e1 3. jan. \u00ed \u00e1r.) Marka\u00f0sleyfi\u00f0 f\u00e6st fr\u00e1 Lyfjastofnun.<\/p>\n

\u00cd s\u00edmtali vi\u00f0 fulltr\u00faa Lyfjastofnunar \u00ed dag kom fram a\u00f0 marka\u00f0sleyfi lyfs sem bara er selt h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, sem yr\u00f0i t\u00falka\u00f0 sem frumlyf, kostar 4 millj\u00f3nir. Taki m\u00f6rg Evr\u00f3pul\u00f6nd sig saman og vinni ums\u00f3kn um marka\u00f0sleyfi og \u00edslenskur a\u00f0ili g\u00e6ti h\u00fakka\u00f0 sig \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 samstarf g\u00e6ti marka\u00f0sleyfi\u00f0 kosta\u00f0 300.000 kr.<\/p>\n

\u00deetta marka\u00f0sleyfi er sem sagt ekki gefi\u00f0. Og satt best a\u00f0 segja finnst m\u00e9r \u00f3l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 nokkur s\u00e6ki um marka\u00f0sleyfi til a\u00f0 flytja inn lyfi\u00f0 “nik\u00f3t\u00ednv\u00f6kva til \u00e1fyllingar \u00e1 tanka \u00e1 rafs\u00edgarettur” nema alheimsframlei\u00f0slan komist \u00ed hendur lyfjarisa, t.d. s\u00f6mu lyfjarisa og hafa or\u00f0i\u00f0 uppv\u00edsir a\u00f0 svindli, marka\u00f0smisnotkun, f\u00f6lsu\u00f0um ranns\u00f3knarni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0um, leppu\u00f0um skrifum \u00ed l\u00e6knat\u00edmaritum o.s.fr., \u00fe.e. “Big Pharma” \u00ed \u00f6llu s\u00ednu veldi.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g f\u00e9kk engin \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0 sv\u00f6r hj\u00e1 Lyfjastofnun um hvers vegna \u00fea\u00f0 \u00edslenska batter\u00ed hef\u00f0i \u00e1kve\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 nikt\u00f3t\u00ednv\u00f6kvi v\u00e6ri lyf nema gefi\u00f0 var \u00ed skyn a\u00f0 \u00a0jafnr\u00e6\u00f0isreglu hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 beitt, \u00fe.e.a.s. horft til nik\u00f3t\u00ednlyfja sem fyrir eru \u00e1 marka\u00f0num. Sem eru framleidd af lyfjarisum.<\/p>\n

Hvernig geta gufarar n\u00e1lgast nik\u00f3t\u00ednv\u00f6kva \u00ed s\u00ednar rafrettur?<\/h3>\n

Eins og fyrr kom fram hafa \u00edslenskt fyrirt\u00e6ki selt rafrettur og \u00edhluti \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6r \u00ed nokkur \u00e1r. \u00c1 Netinu er s\u00ed\u00f0an au\u00f0velt a\u00f0 panta nik\u00f3t\u00ednv\u00f6kva og raunar algerlega l\u00f6glegt fyrir einstaklinga sem ekki \u00e6tla a\u00f0 selja v\u00f6kvann \u00feann. \u00cd gildi er nefnilega\u00a0Regluger\u00f0 um innflutning einstaklinga \u00e1 lyfjum til eigin nota, nr. 212 fr\u00e1 1998<\/em><\/a>. \u00a0P\u00f6ntun m\u00e1 f\u00e1 \u00ed p\u00f3sti fr\u00e1 r\u00edkjum \u00e1 Evr\u00f3pska efnahagssv\u00e6\u00f0inu og er mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 100 dagskammta til eigin notkunar. Raunar segir \u00ed 2. gr. Regluger\u00f0arinnar:<\/p>\n

Einstaklingur skal geta framv\u00edsa\u00f0 vottor\u00f0i l\u00e6knis, lyfse\u00f0li e\u00f0a annarri skriflegri yfirl\u00fdsingu \u00e1samt fyrirm\u00e6lum um notkun, er f\u00e6ri fulln\u00e6gjandi s\u00f6nnur \u00e1 a\u00f0 lyfjanna hafi veri\u00f0 afla\u00f0 me\u00f0 l\u00f6gm\u00e6tum h\u00e6tti og a\u00f0 lyfin s\u00e9u honum nau\u00f0synleg \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed magni sem tilgreint er.<\/p>\n

N\u00fa reikna \u00e9g me\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri au\u00f0s\u00f3tt m\u00e1l a\u00f0 skaffa vottor\u00f0, t.d. fyrir mig fr\u00e1 heimilisl\u00e6kni \u00fev\u00ed \u00e9g get ekki nota\u00f0 tyggj\u00f3, l\u00edklega vegna skemmda \u00ed mi\u00f0taugakerfi af lyf\u00f0se\u00f0ilsskyldum lyfjum sem Lyfjastofnun hefur leyft og m\u00e9r hafa veri\u00f0 \u00e1v\u00edsu\u00f0 \u00e1rum saman \u00ed \u00f3h\u00f3flegu magni – og allir l\u00e6knar vilja au\u00f0vita\u00f0 venja s\u00edna sj\u00faklinga af reykingum, svo br\u00e1\u00f0\u00f3hollar sem \u00fe\u00e6r n\u00fa eru. En hvernig \u00e6tli b\u00fa\u00f0irnir sem \u00e9g kaupi nik\u00f3t\u00ednv\u00f6kvann af taki \u00edslenskri vottor\u00f0asendingu? \u00deetta eru nefnilega ekki ap\u00f3tek heldur venjulegar verslanir \u00e1 Vefnum \u00fev\u00ed\u00a0\u00fea\u00f0 eru margar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu, fyrir utan \u00cdsland, sem telja nik\u00f3t\u00ednv\u00f6kva \u00ed rafrettur vera<\/a>\u00a0hvurja a\u00f0ra v\u00f6ru en ekki lyf. \u00c1 \u00e9g kannski a\u00f0 afhenda Tollstj\u00f3raemb\u00e6ttinu lyfse\u00f0ilinn, ef um er be\u00f0i\u00f0? E\u00f0a Lyfjastofnun sj\u00e1lfri?<\/p>\n

\u00cd framhaldsf\u00e6rslu ver\u00f0ur fjalla\u00f0 um hvort e\u00f0a hvursu \u00f3holl gufun \u00far rafs\u00edgarettum er mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 reykingar og bent \u00e1 nokkra sta\u00f0i \u00e1 Vefnum \u00fear sem h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 kaupa gr\u00e6jur og nik\u00f3t\u00ednv\u00f6kva.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Rafs\u00edgarettur (e-cig) eru t\u00e6ki sem framlei\u00f0a gufu til a\u00f0 anda a\u00f0 s\u00e9r og l\u00edkjast oftast s\u00edgarettum a\u00f0 l\u00f6gun. Gufan myndast \u00far v\u00f6kva og s\u00e9 nik\u00f3t\u00edn \u00ed v\u00f6kvanum anda menn \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00e9r eins og \u00ed …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[16,9],"tags":[54,56,55,53],"class_list":["post-1027","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-daglegt-lif","category-gedheilsa","tag-lyfjastofnun","tag-nikotin","tag-nikotinlyf","tag-rafrettur"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1027","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1027"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1027\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1030,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1027\/revisions\/1030"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1027"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1027"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1027"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}