{"id":312,"date":"2011-01-21T22:07:55","date_gmt":"2011-01-21T22:07:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/harpa.blogg.is\/2011-01-21\/born-sidblindra\/"},"modified":"2011-01-21T22:07:55","modified_gmt":"2011-01-21T22:07:55","slug":"born-sidblindra","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2011\/01\/21\/born-sidblindra\/","title":{"rendered":"B\u00f6rn si\u00f0blindra"},"content":{"rendered":"

31. des. 2011: \u00c9g hef ofi\u00f0 si\u00f0blinduf\u00e6rslurnar og \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera \u00fe\u00e6gilegra a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a efni\u00f0 \u00e1 vef heldur en \u00ed \u00feessu bloggumhverfi. Sl\u00f3\u00f0in er:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/sidblinda.com<\/a><\/p>\n

<\/font>\u00de\u00f3famj\u00fak r\u00e1nd\u00fdr sem l\u00e6\u00f0ast: Si\u00f0blinda, III hluti<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

(Finna m\u00e1 a\u00f0rar f\u00e6rslur um si\u00f0blindu \u00ed efnisflokknum Si\u00f0blinda<\/em>,\u00a0sj\u00e1 Flokka h\u00e9r til h\u00e6gri.)\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

Ath. a\u00f0 margt sem kemur fram \u00ed \u00feessari f\u00e6rslu \u00e1 almennt vi\u00f0 um b\u00f6rn sem eru vanr\u00e6kt e\u00f0a beitt ofbeldi. Sumt \u00e1 s\u00e9rstaklega vi\u00f0 b\u00f6rn foreldra me\u00f0 andf\u00e9lagslega pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun<\/a>, sem er miklu v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6kara hugtak en si\u00f0blinda. (Kr\u00e6kt er \u00ed grein Gylfa \u00c1smundssonar um pers\u00f3nuleikaraskanir, sem birtist \u00ed Ge\u00f0vernd<\/i> 1999, 28(1), s. 28-33). \u00cd f\u00e6rslunni h\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir er teki\u00f0 fram\u00a0 \u00feegar s\u00e9rstaklega er fjalla\u00f0 um si\u00f0blinda foreldra og b\u00f6rn \u00feeirra.<\/font><\/p>\n

B\u00f6rn sem eru vanr\u00e6kt e\u00f0a beitt ofbeldi<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\"Barn\u00deegar misbrestur ver\u00f0ur \u00e1 um\u00f6nnun og uppeldi barns flokkast \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fdmist undir ofbeldi e\u00f0a vanr\u00e6kslu. Mun algengara er a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn s\u00e9u vanr\u00e6kt en a\u00f0 \u00feau s\u00e9u beitt ofbeldi. \u00deegar ofbeldi er beitt gerir foreldri\u00f0 barninu eitthva\u00f0 til ska\u00f0a. \u00deegar b\u00f6rn eru vanr\u00e6kt getur skortur \u00e1 vi\u00f0eigandi um\u00f6nnun valdi\u00f0 ska\u00f0anum.<\/font><\/p>\n

Vanr\u00e6ksla<\/b> getur veri\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00fdmsu m\u00f3ti, almenn<\/b>, l\u00edkamleg<\/b>, s\u00e1lr\u00e6n<\/b> e\u00f0a andleg og ekki s\u00edst tilfinningaleg<\/b>.<\/font><\/p>\n

Ofbeldi<\/b> getur l\u00edka veri\u00f0 margh\u00e1tta\u00f0, svo sem andlegt<\/b> , l\u00edkamlegt<\/b> e\u00f0a kynfer\u00f0islegt<\/b>.1<\/sup><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00f6llum lj\u00f3st hva\u00f0 felst \u00ed l\u00edkamlegu ofbeldi.\u00a0 Kynfer\u00f0isleg misnotkun \u00e1 b\u00f6rnum er, skv. umbo\u00f0smanni barna: \u201e… \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feegar b\u00f6rn eru fengin til a\u00f0 taka \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed kynfer\u00f0islegu ath\u00e6fi e\u00f0a leik, me\u00f0 einhverjum sem hefur meiri v\u00f6ld e\u00f0a er h\u00e6rra settur en \u00feau.\u201c 2 <\/sup><\/b>Andlegt ofbeldi kemur oft fram \u00ed neikv\u00e6\u00f0um vi\u00f0horfum, t.d. a\u00f0 sett er \u00fat \u00e1 \u00fatlit e\u00f0a skap barnsins, barni\u00f0 uppnefnt og kalla\u00f0 f\u00edfl, h\u00e1lfviti o.\u00fe.h.; neikv\u00e6\u00f0um tilfinningum og \u00f3raunh\u00e6fum kr\u00f6fum foreldra til barns; barni\u00f0 er ekki meti\u00f0 sem sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ur einstaklingur heldur haft til a\u00f0 sinna \u00fe\u00f6rfum foreldris; barni\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur vitni a\u00f0 heimilisofbeldi; barni\u00f0 er hr\u00e6tt me\u00f0 h\u00f3tunum, \u00f6skrum e\u00f0a bl\u00f3tsyr\u00f0um; barninu er hafna\u00f0, \u00fe.e. neita\u00f0 um hj\u00e1lp e\u00f0a ekki teki\u00f0 mark \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed og a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 s\u00e9 einangra\u00f0 fr\u00e1 f\u00e9lagsskap annarra barna. Sumir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn telja a\u00f0 andlegt ofbeldi r\u00edfi b\u00f6rn ni\u00f0ur meir en l\u00edkamlegt ofbeldi.3<\/sup><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

\"MammaB\u00f6rn og unglingar sem b\u00faa vi\u00f0 heimilisofbeldi \u00fej\u00e1st af st\u00f6\u00f0ugum kv\u00ed\u00f0a, \u00f3tta, rei\u00f0i, stj\u00f3rnleysi, vanm\u00e6tti og ringulrei\u00f0. \u201e\u00deau l\u00e6ra takmarka\u00f0 um hva\u00f0 einkennir venjulegt heimilisl\u00edf, \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 heimilinu b\u00faa \u00feau e.t.v. me\u00f0 f\u00f6\u00f0ur sem er nokku\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfmi\u00f0a\u00f0ur og illa sveigjanlegur og leysir gjarna \u00e1greining me\u00f0 valdbeitingu. \u00c1 m\u00f3ti getur s\u00ed\u00f0an m\u00f3\u00f0irin veri\u00f0 svo yfir\u00feyrmd af ofbeldinu, og \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u201elifa af\u201c a\u00f0 hj\u00e1 henni er l\u00edti\u00f0 \u00f6ryggi e\u00f0a skj\u00f3l a\u00f0 finna. Tilfinningalega m\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed segja a\u00f0 m\u00f6rg \u00feessara barna og unglinga s\u00e9u heimilislaus.\u201c4<\/sup><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

Aflei\u00f0ingum ofbeldis og vanr\u00e6kslu barna hefur veri\u00f0 skipt \u00ed tvo meginflokka og k\u00f6llu\u00f0\u00a0\u00fathverf vandam\u00e1l og innhverf vandam\u00e1l. \u00dathverf eru heg\u00f0unarvandam\u00e1l af \u00fdmsum toga en innhverf vandam\u00e1l eru t.d. \u00feunglyndi og kv\u00ed\u00f0i. \u201eAlgengara er a\u00f0 \u00fathverf vandam\u00e1l komi fram hj\u00e1 drengjum en innhverf hj\u00e1 st\u00falkum. Jafnframt er algengara a\u00f0 drengir f\u00e1i a\u00f0sto\u00f0 en st\u00falkur, \u00fear sem vandam\u00e1l \u00feeirra eru s\u00fdnilegri en vandam\u00e1l st\u00falkna.\u201c<\/font><\/p>\n

\u201eLangt\u00edma\u00e1hrif ofbeldis og vanr\u00e6kslu geta komi\u00f0 fram \u00e1 \u00fdmsan m\u00e1ta, til d\u00e6mis \u00ed langvarandi \u00feunglyndi e\u00f0a kv\u00ed\u00f0a, \u00e1fengis- og f\u00edkniefnaneyslu og pers\u00f3nuleikatruflunum. Auk \u00feess eru kynl\u00edfsvandam\u00e1l afar algeng \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum hj\u00e1 b\u00f6rnum sem hafa veri\u00f0 \u00e1reitt kynfer\u00f0islega e\u00f0a veri\u00f0 beitt kynfer\u00f0islegu ofbeldi. Jafnframt er f\u00f3lk sem hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 fyrir ofbeldi e\u00f0a vanr\u00e6kslu \u00ed barn\u00e6sku, l\u00edklegra til a\u00f0 vanr\u00e6kja e\u00f0a beita b\u00f6rn s\u00edn ofbeldi en a\u00f0rir foreldrar.\u201c 5 <\/sup><\/b>\u00dea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist skipta m\u00e1li hven\u00e6r \u00e1 \u00e6vinni barn er beitt mestu ofbeldi. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur nokkurra ranns\u00f3kna benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1l\u00e1tur misbrestur \u00ed uppeldi hafi sterkari og \u00f3tv\u00edr\u00e6\u00f0ari \u00e1hrif \u00e1 unglinga en t\u00edmabundinn misbrestur \u00ed uppeldi yngri barna.6<\/sup><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

Aths<\/b>. \u00dea\u00f0 er d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 merkilegt a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeim \u00f6rf\u00e1u \u00edslensku ranns\u00f3knum sem ger\u00f0ar hafa veri\u00f0 \u00e1 m\u00e1lum sem borist hafa inn \u00e1 bor\u00f0 barnaverndar e\u00f0a\u00a0 ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 s\u00e1lr\u00e6num kvillum barna er hvergi minnst \u00e1 si\u00f0blindu sem m\u00f6gulegan orsaka\u00fe\u00e1tt. Eins og kom fram \u00ed fyrri f\u00e6rslu \u00fe\u00e1 greinist fj\u00f3r\u00f0ungur \u00feeirra sem berja konurnar s\u00ednar si\u00f0blindur, skv. erlendum ranns\u00f3knum. M\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 ekki \u00e6tla a\u00f0 ofbeldi gegn b\u00f6rnum h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi megi a\u00f0 talsver\u00f0u leyti skrifa \u00e1 reikning si\u00f0blindu foreldris? Kannski er \u00feetta hir\u00f0uleysi um si\u00f0blindu a\u00f0eins angi af almennu \u00e1hugaleysi um si\u00f0blindu h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi – a\u00f0 undanskildum \u00e1huga \u00e1 si\u00f0blindum forstj\u00f3rum vi\u00f0skiptafyrirt\u00e6kja.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

B\u00f6rn sem alast upp hj\u00e1 si\u00f0blindu foreldri<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er alltaf erfitt a\u00f0 alast upp hj\u00e1 si\u00f0blindri m\u00f3\u00f0ur e\u00f0a si\u00f0blindum f\u00f6\u00f0ur. Yfirleitt er um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a einst\u00e6\u00f0ar si\u00f0blindar m\u00e6\u00f0ur e\u00f0a si\u00f0blindan f\u00f6\u00f0ur sem drottnar yfir fj\u00f6lskyldunni; en b\u00e1\u00f0ir foreldrar eru ekki si\u00f0blindir, \u00fev\u00ed si\u00f0blindum kemur illa saman. \u00dea\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0asta sem sj\u00e1lfselsk, krefjandi og kaldlynd manneskja \u00f3skar s\u00e9r er \u00f6nnur af sama tagi.7\u00a0 <\/sup><\/b>(\u00c9g s\u00e9 n\u00fa reyndar ekkert \u00fev\u00ed til fyrirst\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 um geti veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a einst\u00e6\u00f0an si\u00f0blindan f\u00f6\u00f0ur e\u00f0a si\u00f0blinda m\u00f3\u00f0ur \u00ed hj\u00f3nabandi – minni \u00fe\u00f3 \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 sta\u00f0reynd a\u00f0 miklu fleiri karlar greinast si\u00f0blindir en konur.)<\/font><\/p>\n

Helstu einkenni sl\u00edks uppeldis og aflei\u00f0ingar \u00feess eru:<\/font><\/p>\n

*B\u00f6rn eru vanr\u00e6kt<\/font><\/b>
\n\"Hr\u00e6ttRobert D. Hare segir a\u00f0 skeytingarleysi um velfer\u00f0 barna gangi sem\u00a0 rau\u00f0ur \u00fer\u00e1\u00f0ur \u00ed gegnum ranns\u00f3knarsk\u00fdrslur hans um si\u00f0blindu. Si\u00f0blindir l\u00edta \u00e1 b\u00f6rn sem \u00f3\u00fe\u00e6gindi e\u00f0a fyrirh\u00f6fn. Hann nefnir tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi um \u00feetta. <\/font><\/p>\n

Diane Downs<\/a> [S\u00fa kona skaut 3 b\u00f6rn s\u00edn til a\u00f0 losna vi\u00f0 \u00feau af \u00fev\u00ed h\u00fan vildi ganga \u00ed augun \u00e1 manni sem ekki k\u00e6r\u00f0i sig um b\u00f6rn. Eitt barnanna l\u00e9st af skots\u00e1runum en hin tv\u00f6 lif\u00f0u af.] skildi ung b\u00f6rn s\u00edn oft alein eftir heima \u00feegar engin barnap\u00eda f\u00e9kkst. N\u00e1grannarnir s\u00f6g\u00f0u a\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin, fr\u00e1 15 m\u00e1na\u00f0a til sex \u00e1ra, hef\u00f0u veri\u00f0 sv\u00f6ng, tilfinningalega svelt og almennt afr\u00e6kt (\u00feau s\u00e1ust oft \u00fati a\u00f0 leika s\u00e9r \u00e1 veturna \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 vera \u00ed sk\u00f3m e\u00f0a yfirh\u00f6fnum). Downs l\u00fdsti \u00fev\u00ed yfir a\u00f0 h\u00fan elska\u00f0i b\u00f6rnin s\u00edn en kaldlynt hir\u00f0uleysi um l\u00edkamlega og andlega velfer\u00f0 \u00feeirra bendir til annars. <\/font><\/p>\n

Hitt d\u00e6mi\u00f0 er \u00f3nefnd si\u00f0blind kona \u00ed einni af ranns\u00f3knum Hare. H\u00fan og ma\u00f0urinn hennar skildu eins m\u00e1na\u00f0ar gamalt barn sitt eftir hj\u00e1 drykkfelldum vini. Vinurinn datt \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 og d\u00f3 \u00e1fengisdau\u00f0a. \u00deegar hann rakna\u00f0i \u00far rotinu var hann b\u00fainn a\u00f0 gleyma a\u00f0 hann v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 passa og f\u00f3r. Foreldrarnir sn\u00e9ru aftur heim \u00e1tta t\u00edmum s\u00ed\u00f0ar og \u00fe\u00e1 h\u00f6f\u00f0u yfirv\u00f6ld s\u00f3tt barni\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00edna v\u00f6rslu. M\u00f3\u00f0irin var\u00f0 \u00e6f og \u00e1saka\u00f0i yfirv\u00f6ld um a\u00f0 svipta barni\u00f0 \u00e1st og v\u00e6ntum\u00feykju – og h\u00e9lt \u00feeirri sko\u00f0un til streitu jafnvel eftir a\u00f0 henni var sagt a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 v\u00e6ri alvarlega vann\u00e6rt.8<\/sup><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

*B\u00f6rn ver\u00f0a \u00f3\u00f6rugg og r\u00e1\u00f0villt<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\"\u00d3\u00f6ruggSi\u00f0blindur skiptir s\u00edfellt skapi og ekki er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 sp\u00e1 fyrir um or\u00f0 hans og ger\u00f0ir. \u00dea\u00f0 skapar \u00f3tryggt og taugatrekkjandi andr\u00famsloft \u00e1 heimilinu. \u00dea\u00f0 sem barni\u00f0 m\u00e1 gera einn daginn er kannski banna\u00f0 daginn eftir. Anna\u00f0 veifi\u00f0 er d\u00f3ttirin litla prinsessan hennar m\u00f6mmu, sem f\u00e6r flottar gjafir og hr\u00f3s, en svo s\u00e6tir h\u00fan skyndilega r\u00e6tnum \u00e1r\u00e1sum af \u00fev\u00ed h\u00fan segir a\u00f0 gerir eitthva\u00f0 sem si\u00f0blindri m\u00f3\u00f0urinni l\u00edkar ekki. Svolei\u00f0is \u00f3fyrirsj\u00e1anleg og \u00f3\u00fatreiknanleg heg\u00f0un foreldris veldur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 barni\u00f0 veit ekki sitt rj\u00fakandi r\u00e1\u00f0. St\u00f6\u00f0ugar \u00e1r\u00e1sir brj\u00f3ta ni\u00f0ur sj\u00e1lfs\u00f6ryggi\u00f0. Barni\u00f0 l\u00e6rir a\u00f0 tilfinningar \u00feess skipta engu m\u00e1li: \u201e\u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 mamma fari illa me\u00f0 mig \u00e1 m\u00e9r samt sem \u00e1\u00f0ur a\u00f0 \u00feykja v\u00e6nt um hana.\u201c Barn sem hefur upplifa\u00f0 l\u00edkamlegt og andleg ofbeldi \u00ed bernsku og l\u00e6rt a\u00f0 tilfinningar \u00feess eru einskis vir\u00f0i mun gl\u00edma vi\u00f0 l\u00e9lega sj\u00e1lfsmynd \u00fea\u00f0 sem eftir er \u00e6vinnar. St\u00falku sem hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e6tta sig vi\u00f0 au\u00f0m\u00fdkingu, svik og ofbeldi \u00ed uppvextinum er h\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00e6kja \u00ed sams konar f\u00f3rnarlambshlutverk \u00feegar h\u00fan ver\u00f0ur fullor\u00f0in. (Forward 1988) 9<\/sup><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

*B\u00f6rn taka \u00e1 sig alla s\u00f6k<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki \u00f3algengt\u00a0 a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn ver\u00f0i skotsp\u00f3nn fyrir rei\u00f0i m\u00f6mmu e\u00f0a pabba og a\u00f0 vonbrig\u00f0i \u00feeirra bitni \u00e1 b\u00f6rnunum. Barn er alveg til \u00ed a\u00f0 taka a\u00f0 s\u00e9r\u00a0 hlutverk svarta sau\u00f0sins vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er h\u00e1\u00f0 foreldrunum\u00a0 Barni\u00f0 er vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mt af \u00fev\u00ed mest af \u00f6llu \u00fer\u00e1ir \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ntum\u00feykju e\u00f0a vi\u00f0urkenningu foreldranna og vill allt til vinna svo foreldi\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00e1n\u00e6gt me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 skilur ekki a\u00f0 til einskis er stre\u00f0a\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er eitthva\u00f0 bogi\u00f0 vi\u00f0 m\u00f6mmu e\u00f0a pabba en ekki barni\u00f0 sj\u00e1lft.<\/font><\/p>\n

*B\u00f6rn fyllast innibyrg\u00f0ri rei\u00f0i og s\u00fdna \u00e1r\u00e1sarhneig\u00f0<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

Str\u00e1kar \u00far ofbeldisfullum fj\u00f6lskyldum geta s\u00fdnt s\u00f6mu heg\u00f0un og \u00feeir \u00f3lust upp vi\u00f0. Hj\u00e1 stelpum s\u00e9st \u00feessi rei\u00f0i oftar sem kv\u00ed\u00f0i, \u00feunglyndi e\u00f0a sj\u00e1lfsfyrirlitning .10<\/sup><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

*Skv. ranns\u00f3knum hafa ekki greinst s\u00e9rst\u00f6k tengsl milli si\u00f0blindu og kynfer\u00f0islegrar misnotkunar. Si\u00f0blindir eru ekki l\u00edklegri en a\u00f0rir gl\u00e6pamenn til a\u00f0 beita b\u00f6rn e\u00f0a fullor\u00f0na kynfer\u00f0islegu ofbeldi. \u00de\u00f3tt sumir sem skrifa um si\u00f0blindu vilji hafa sifjaspell og kynfer\u00f0islega misnotkun barna me\u00f0 \u00ed umfj\u00f6lluninni er \u00fev\u00ed sleppt h\u00e9r. 11<\/sup><\/b><\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Langt\u00edma\u00e1hrif \u00feess a\u00f0 alast upp hj\u00e1 si\u00f0blindu foreldri<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00cd vi\u00f0amikilli bandar\u00edskri tv\u00edburaranns\u00f3kn var sko\u00f0u\u00f0 ge\u00f0heilsa barna og unglinga sem \u00e1ttu foreldri \/foreldra me\u00f0 andf\u00e9lagslegar pers\u00f3nuleikaraskanir (minnt skal \u00e1 a\u00f0 andf\u00e9lagsleg pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun er yfirheiti yfir margs konar raskanir og si\u00f0blinda er einungis ein af m\u00f6rgum sem fellur \u00fear undir). Meginni\u00f0ursta\u00f0an var a\u00f0 andf\u00e9lagsleg pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun foreldra eykur horfurnar \u00e1 fj\u00f6lda ytri og innri raskana hj\u00e1 b\u00f6rnum og unglingum, allt til fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1ra \u00ed sumum tilvikum.\u00a0\u00c6tla m\u00e1 a\u00f0 hluti hinna andf\u00e9lagslegu foreldra hafi veri\u00f0 si\u00f0blindur og ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0urnar eigi \u00fev\u00ed einnig vi\u00f0 \u00e1hrif si\u00f0blindra \u00e1 b\u00f6rn s\u00edn. Ytri (\u00fathverfar) raskanir eru t.d. athyglisbrestur me\u00f0 ofvirkni (ADHD), heg\u00f0unar\u00f6skun (CD – nota\u00f0 um einkenni andf\u00e9lagslegrar pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skunar hj\u00e1 b\u00f6rnum) og andst\u00f6\u00f0u- \/ m\u00f3t\u00fer\u00f3a\u00ferj\u00f3skur\u00f6skun. Innri (innhverfar) raskanir eru t.d. alvarlegt \u00feunglyndi og kv\u00ed\u00f0i af \u00fdmsu tagi. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00e1hugavert a\u00f0 ekki er a\u00f0eins um aukna h\u00e6ttu \u00e1 andf\u00e9lagslegri heg\u00f0un hj\u00e1 b\u00f6rnum sl\u00edkra foreldra a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a heldur einnig \u00f6\u00f0rum ge\u00f0veilum. Svolei\u00f0is a\u00f0 foreldri me\u00f0 andf\u00e9lagslega pers\u00f3nleikar\u00f6skun hefur v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6k \u00e1hrif \u00e1 ge\u00f0heilsu barna sinna, \u00ed sumum tilvikum til langframa<\/strong>.<\/font><\/p>\n

\"UnglingurAf einst\u00f6kum ge\u00f0veilum m\u00e1 nefna a\u00f0 l\u00edkurnar \u00e1 athyglisbresti me\u00f0 ofvirkni e\u00f0a alvarlegu \u00feunglyndi voru meiri hj\u00e1 \u00ed 17 \u00e1ra aldursh\u00f3pnum\u00a0 en 11 \u00e1ra ef fa\u00f0irinn haf\u00f0i andf\u00e9lagslega pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun. L\u00edkur \u00e1 athyglisbresti me\u00f0 ofvirkni hj\u00e1 11 \u00e1ra aldursh\u00f3pnum voru meiri en hj\u00e1 17 \u00e1ra ef m\u00f3\u00f0irin haf\u00f0i andf\u00e9lagslega pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun. Samb\u00e6rilegar auknum l\u00edkum vegna m\u00f3\u00f0ur \u00e1 ADHD \u00ed 11 \u00e1ra aldursh\u00f3pi voru auknar l\u00edkur \u00e1 \u00e1fengisvandam\u00e1lum (ofdrykkju e\u00f0a alk\u00f3h\u00f3lisma) \u00ed 17 \u00e1ra aldursh\u00f3pnum vegna \u00e1hrifa f\u00f6\u00f0ur.\u00a0 \u00deetta bendir til \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e1hrif\u00a0 foreldra sem haldnir eru andf\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun s\u00e9u misj\u00f6fn eftir aldursskei\u00f0i. \u00c1hrif m\u00f3\u00f0ur eru e.t.v. sterkari \u00feegar barni\u00f0 er yngra og m\u00f3\u00f0irin l\u00edklegri til a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 a\u00f0allega um um\u00f6nnun \u00feess. \u00c1hrif andf\u00e9lagslegs f\u00f6\u00f0ur eru meir \u00e1berandi \u00e1 unglinga.12<\/sup><\/b><\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0 skilna\u00f0 og \u00ed forr\u00e6\u00f0isdeildum \u00e6tti a\u00f0 hafa \u00ed huga<\/a><\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

Titillinn kr\u00e6kir\u00a0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu m\u00edna \u00e1 fyrirlestri \/grein Irene R\u00f8nn Lind, fr\u00e1 2008. H\u00fan er starfandi s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingur \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku og h\u00f6fundur b\u00f3karinnar Forkl\u00e6dt. Psykopater og deres ofre<\/i>, sem kom \u00fat 2007. Fyrirlestur hennar, \u201eDen p\u00e6ne psykopat<\/a>\u201c, birtist \u00e1 vefsetri samtakanna Barnets Tarv Nu<\/a><\/i>, sem eru d\u00f6nsk samt\u00f6k \u00feeirra sem breyta vilja barnal\u00f6gum, \u00fe.e.a.s. l\u00f6gum um foreldrar\u00e9tt og forr\u00e6\u00f0ism\u00e1l. Fyrirlesturinn er \u00fe\u00fdddur og birtur me\u00f0 leyfi Irene R\u00f8nn Lind. \u00c9g \u00e1kva\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0a \u201eden p\u00e6ne psykopat\u201c sem \u201esnotur si\u00f0blindur\u201c \u00fe\u00f3tt til greina komi l\u00edka \u201ehuggulegur si\u00f0blindur\u201c.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font>
\nEr si\u00f0blinda arfgeng?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c1 \u00cdslandi vir\u00f0ist hafa veri\u00f0 sterk tilhneiging til \u00feess a\u00f0 kenna umhverfis\u00fe\u00e1ttum um marga ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma og ge\u00f0raskanir, a.m.k. s\u00ed\u00f0asta \u00e1ratuginn. \u00deetta kemur vel fram \u00ed\u00a0\u00feeim \u00edslensku\u00a0greinum og ritger\u00f0um\u00a0sem \u00e9g v\u00edsa \u00ed \u00ed \u00feessari f\u00e6rslu. Kannski kristallast \u00feetta vi\u00f0horf \u00ed svari Gylfa heitins \u00c1smundssonar, s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ings, vi\u00f0 spurningunni <\/font>\u201e<\/font>Eru ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar \u00e6ttgengir?\u201c<\/font> \u00fear sem hann segir: \u201e\u00cd hinum v\u00e6gari ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mum, hugs\u00fdki (neurosis) og pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun (personality disorder), eru erf\u00f0ir greinilega mun veigaminni \u00fe\u00e1ttur og umhverfis\u00e1hrif skipta \u00fear meira m\u00e1li. Skapferli og pers\u00f3nuleiki ganga vissulega \u00ed arf a\u00f0 vissu marki, en uppeldi og a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur allar m\u00f3ta \u00feessa \u00fe\u00e6tti \u00ed fari mannsins og r\u00e1\u00f0a oftast meiru um a\u00f0l\u00f6gun hans og hvort s\u00fa a\u00f0l\u00f6gun ver\u00f0ur fars\u00e6l e\u00f0a sj\u00fakleg.\u201c 13<\/sup><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

\"Gen\"\u00cd \u00fev\u00ed \u00fev\u00ed efni af n\u00fdrra taginu sem fjallar um si\u00f0blindu og \u00e9g hef kynnt m\u00e9r eru allir \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 h\u00fan s\u00e9 arfgeng. Menn eru hins vegar ekki samm\u00e1la um \u00ed hve miklum m\u00e6li si\u00f0blinda r\u00e1\u00f0ist af erf\u00f0um og hve st\u00f3r umhverfis\u00fe\u00e1tturinn er. \u00cd bandar\u00edskri \/ kanad\u00edskri\u00a0 grein er sagt fr\u00e1 fimm ranns\u00f3knir sem allar s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 si\u00f0blindu\u00fe\u00e6ttir erfist. \u00dear voru nota\u00f0ar mismunandi a\u00f0fer\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 meta si\u00f0blindu en engin \u00feeirra n\u00fdtti \u00fe\u00f3\u00a0 PCL-R g\u00e1tlista og m\u00e6likvar\u00f0a Roberts D. Hare.14<\/sup><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd s\u00e6nskri doktorsritger\u00f0 fr\u00e1 2009 gerir Mats Forsman grein fyrir ranns\u00f3knum s\u00ednum \u00e1 arfgengi si\u00f0blindu. Hann bygg\u00f0i \u00e1 langt\u00edmat\u00edmaranns\u00f3kn \u00e1 1480 tv\u00edburum, f\u00e6ddum \u00ed Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1985-86. \u00cd upphafi ritger\u00f0arinnar segir hann: <\/font>\u201eFyrri ranns\u00f3knir hafa gefi\u00f0 til kynna a\u00f0 u.\u00fe.b. 40-70% af pers\u00f3nuleikaeinkennum si\u00f0blindu s\u00e9 vegna erf\u00f0a. Tv\u00edburaranns\u00f3knir hafa \u00feess vegna veri\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega mikilv\u00e6gar.\u201c (s. 3) 15<\/sup><\/b>. Annar Sv\u00edi, Henrik Larsson,\u00a0 rannsaka\u00f0i s\u00f6mu g\u00f6gn og Forsman og birti \u00fe\u00e6r ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur 2006\u00a0 a\u00f0 erf\u00f0ir r\u00e9\u00f0u 63% af sumum kjarnaeinkennum si\u00f0blindu (kaldlyndi og yfirbor\u00f0skenndu tilfinningal\u00edfi) og \u00fe\u00e1ttum \u00ed andf\u00e9lagslegri heg\u00f0un (\u00f3\u00e1byrgri heg\u00f0un og hvatv\u00edsi) en ekki yfirbor\u00f0smennsku og drottnunargirni. Tilviljanakenndir umhverfis\u00fe\u00e6ttir r\u00e9\u00f0u hinum 37%\u00a0 (sj\u00e1 s. 4 \u00ed ritger\u00f0 Forsman). Forsman \u00fatlistar svo fj\u00f3rar ranns\u00f3knir sem hann ger\u00f0i sj\u00e1lfur og kemst a\u00f0 svipa\u00f0ri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u og Larsson (sj\u00e1 s. 17) \u00fe\u00f3tt me\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0rum a\u00f0fer\u00f0um s\u00e9.16<\/sup><\/b><\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Margir telja a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 draga \u00far einkennum si\u00f0blindu s\u00e9 gripi\u00f0 n\u00f3gu snemma \u00ed taumana, \u00e1 unglingsaldri, jafnvel barnsaldri. Um \u00feetta ver\u00f0ur ekki fjalla\u00f0 h\u00e9r heldur ver\u00f0ur minnst \u00e1 \u00feessar kenningar \u00ed f\u00e6rslu um hvort e\u00f0a hvernig h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 l\u00e6kna \/ b\u00e6ta si\u00f0blindu. (S\u00fa f\u00e6rsla b\u00ed\u00f0ur um sinn.) \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed nokku\u00f0 auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 mikilv\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 greina si\u00f0blindueinkenni sem fyrst \u00ed b\u00f6rnum og unglingum svo beita megi \u00feau einhvers konar me\u00f0fer\u00f0 til\u00a0a\u00f0 draga \u00far\u00a0si\u00f0blindunni. <\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\n\u00a0<\/b><\/font>1<\/b> Freyd\u00eds J\u00f3na Freysteinsd\u00f3ttir. 2002. \u201eHefur sl\u00e6mt uppeldi (foreldrar h\u00f3ta \u00fe\u00e9r s\u00edfellt einhverju illu) \u00e1hrif \u00e1 framt\u00ed\u00f0 \u00fe\u00edna?<\/a>\u201c V\u00edsindavefurinn<\/i> 6.3.2002. Sko\u00f0a\u00f0 20.1.2011.<\/font>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/font>\u00a0\u00a02<\/b> Umbo\u00f0sma\u00f0ur barna. \u201eKynfer\u00f0isofbeldi<\/a>\u201c \u00e1 barn.is<\/i>. Sko\u00f0a\u00f0 20.1. 2011.<\/font>\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

3<\/b> Gu\u00f0bj\u00f6rg Mar\u00eda \u00c1rnad\u00f3ttir. 2010. \u00c1hrif fj\u00f6lskylduger\u00f0ar \u00e1 l\u00edfsg\u00e6\u00f0i og \u00f6ryggi barna<\/a><\/i>, s. 15-16.\u00a0 (BA-ritger\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00e9lagsr\u00e1\u00f0gj\u00f6f.) Sko\u00f0a\u00f0 20.1.2011.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font>
\n4<\/b> Vilborg G. Gu\u00f0nad\u00f3ttir, fyrrum framkv\u00e6mdarstj\u00f3ri Kvennaathvarfs. 2001. \u201eOfbeldi gegn b\u00f6rnum og unglingum<\/a>\u201c sko\u00f0a\u00f0 \u00e1 doktor.is<\/i> 20.1. 2011.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font>
\n5<\/b> Freyd\u00eds J\u00f3na Freysteinsd\u00f3ttir.2002\u00a0 \u201eHefur sl\u00e6mt uppeldi (foreldrar h\u00f3ta \u00fe\u00e9r s\u00edfellt einhverju illu) \u00e1hrif \u00e1 framt\u00ed\u00f0 \u00fe\u00edna?<\/a>\u201c. V\u00edsindavefurinn<\/i> 6.3.2002. Sko\u00f0a\u00f0 20.1.2011.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

6<\/b> Sj\u00e1 Halld\u00f3r Sig. Gu\u00f0mundsson. 2006. Heg\u00f0un, l\u00ed\u00f0an og f\u00e9lagslegar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur 11-18 \u00e1ra barna innan barnaverndar \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. Sj\u00f3narhorn barna, foreldra, kennara og starfsmanna barnaverndar<\/a><\/i>, s. 37. (Meistarapr\u00f3fsritger\u00f0 \u00ed f\u00e9lagsr\u00e1\u00f0gj\u00f6f.) Sko\u00f0a\u00f0 20.1. 2011.<\/font>
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7<\/b> Tranberg, Peter. Psykopati – en forst\u00e5else af forstyrrelsens natur<\/a><\/i>, \u00f3\u00e1rsett en l\u00edklega fr\u00e1 2002, s. 28. (Cand.p\u00e6d.psych-ritger\u00f0). Sko\u00f0a\u00f0 15.1. 2011.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

8<\/b> <\/font>Hare, Robert D. <\/i>1999. Without Concience. The Disturbing World of Psychopaths Among Us<\/i>, s. 62-63.\u00a0 <\/i>The Guilford Press, New York. (Fyrst gefin \u00fat 1993.)
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

9<\/b> Dahl, Alv A. og Aud Dalsegg. 2000. Sjarm\u00f8r og tyrann. Et innsyn i psykopatenes og ofrenes verden<\/i>, s. 189- 190.<\/i> H. Aschehoug & Co (W. Nygaard), Oslo. (\u00deetta er aukin og endurb\u00e6tt \u00fatg\u00e1fa fr\u00e1 1997.) Tilvitnun \u00feeirra er \u00ed Susan Forward, sem skrifa\u00f0i b\u00f3kina Man who hate women and women who love them<\/i> (fyrst \u00fatg. 1986, gefin \u00far \u00ed norskri \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ingu 1988, Menn som hater kvinner og kvinnene som elsker dem<\/i>).<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

10<\/b> Dahl, Alv A. og Aud Dalsegg. 2000. Sjarm\u00f8r og tyrann. Et innsyn i psykopatenes og ofrenes verden<\/i>, s. 189- 190.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font>
\n11<\/b> Olver, Mark E. og Stephen C. P. Wong. 2006. Psychopathy, Sexual Deviance, and Recidivism Among Sex Offenders<\/a> \u00ed Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment<\/i>, 18 tbl. 1. hefti 2006, s.\u00a0 65-82. Gefi\u00f0 \u00fat af Association for the Treatment of Sexual Abusers (ATSA).\u00a0 \u00datg\u00e1fa \u00e1 vefnum sko\u00f0u\u00f0 20.1. 2011. \u00cd inngangsk\u00f6flum er fjalla\u00f0 \u00edtarlega um fyrri ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 efninu.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font>
\n12<\/b> Herndon, Ryan W. og William G. Iacono. 2005. \u201ePsychiatric disorder in the children of antisocial parents<\/a>\u201c\u00a0 \u00ed Psychological Medicine<\/i>, 2005, 35, s. 1815-1824. Cambridge University Press. \u00datg\u00e1fa \u00e1 vefnum sko\u00f0u\u00f0 20.1. 2011.<\/font><\/p>\n

Herndon og Iacono ranns\u00f6ku\u00f0u 11 \u00e1ra tv\u00edbura (958 str\u00e1ka, 1042 stelpur), 17 \u00e1ra tv\u00edbura (1332 pilta, 1434 st\u00falkur) og\u00a0 kynforeldra \u00feeirra \u00ed pers\u00f3nulegum vi\u00f0t\u00f6lum. Vi\u00f0f\u00f6ngin voru fengin \u00far langt\u00edma tv\u00edburaranns\u00f3kn \u00e1 fj\u00f6lskyldum \u00ed Minnes\u00f3ta. \u00deeir athugu\u00f0u tengsl andf\u00e9lagslegra foreldra og ge\u00f0r\u00e6nna kvilla \u00ed b\u00f6rnum \u00feeirra. Kvillarnir sem \u00feeir sko\u00f0u\u00f0u voru: Athyglisbrestur me\u00f0 ofvirkni (AHDH); heg\u00f0unarr\u00f6skun; andst\u00f6\u00f0u-\/m\u00f3tst\u00f6\u00f0u\u00ferj\u00f3skur\u00f6skun; alvarlegt \u00feunglyndi; almenn kv\u00ed\u00f0ar\u00f6skun; ofkv\u00ed\u00f0ar\u00f6skun \/semdarr\u00f6skun; a\u00f0skilna\u00f0arkv\u00ed\u00f0i; nik\u00f3t\u00ednf\u00edkn; \u00e1fengisf\u00edkn og \u00e1fengismisnotkun og misnotkun annarra v\u00edmuefna. \u00deeir sko\u00f0u\u00f0 \u00e1hrif m\u00f3\u00f0ur s\u00e9rstaklega og \u00e1hrif f\u00f6\u00f0ur s\u00e9rstaklega, sem og hver \u00feessi \u00e1hrif voru \u00e1 hvorn aldursh\u00f3p fyrir sig. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur \u00feeirra eru a\u00f0 andf\u00e9lagslegt foreldri hefur v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6k \u00e1hrif \u00e1 ge\u00f0heilsu barns \/barna og \u00feeir birta t\u00f6flur yfir sl\u00edkt \u00ed hvorum aldursh\u00f3pi.\u00a0 Meginni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur \u00feeirra voru raktar \u00ed \u00feessari f\u00e6rslu. \u00deeir Herndon og Iacono rekja ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur annarra ranns\u00f3kna \u00e1 sama efni en geta \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r ranns\u00f3knir hafi veri\u00f0 takmarka\u00f0ar \u00fev\u00ed einungis hafi veri\u00f0 ranns\u00f6ku\u00f0 b\u00f6rn sem heilbrig\u00f0iskerfi\u00f0 haf\u00f0i afskipti af og foreldar \u00feeirra.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font>
\n13<\/b> Gylfi \u00c1smundsson. 2002. \u201eEru ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar \u00e6ttgengir?<\/a>\u201c\u00a0 V\u00edsindavefurinn<\/i> 12.3.2002. Sko\u00f0a\u00f0 19.1.2011.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

14<\/b> Lalumi\u00e9re, Martin L., Sandeep Misrha og Grant T. Harris. 2008. \u201eIn Cold Blood. The Evolution of Psychopathy<\/a>\u201c \u00ed\u00a0 Evolutionary forensic psychology: Darwinian foundations of crime and law<\/i>,\u00a0 s. 187-189. Ristj\u00f3rar J. Duntley og\u00a0 T. K. Shackelford. Oxford University Press, New York. Kaflinn er a\u00f0gengilegur \u00e1 Vefnum og var sko\u00f0a\u00f0ur 20.1. 2011.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font>
\n\u00dea\u00f0 er kannski t\u00edmanna t\u00e1kn a\u00f0 einn h\u00f6fundanna, Grant T. Harris, komst a\u00f0 \u00fever\u00f6fugri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u \u00e1ri\u00f0 1998, \u00fe.e.a.s. a\u00f0 umhverfis\u00fe\u00e6ttir v\u00e6gju mj\u00f6g \u00feungt \u00ed \u00fer\u00f3un si\u00f0blindu. Sj\u00e1 Grant, T. Harris. 1998. \u201ePsychopathy Might Be An Adaption, Not A Disorder<\/a>\u201c \u00ed \u00ed fr\u00e9ttabr\u00e9fi The Mental Health Centre Penetanguishene (ge\u00f0sj\u00fakrah\u00fass \u00ed Ontario, Kanada). Sko\u00f0a\u00f0 20.1. 2010.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

15 <\/b>Sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 yfirlit yfir 13 tv\u00edburaranns\u00f3knir\u00a0\u00e1 arfgengi si\u00f0blindu \u00ed Viding, Essi og Henrik Larsson. 2010. \u201eGenetics of Child and Adolescence Psychopathy\u201c, \u00ed Handbook of Child and Adolescent Psychopathy<\/i>, s. 117- 119 (ritstj\u00f3rar Randall T. Salekin, Donald R. Lynam). Guilford Press. A\u00f0gengilegt \u00e1 books.google.com<\/a> og sko\u00f0a\u00f0 20.1. 2011.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

16 <\/b>Forsman, Mats. 2009. Psychopatich Personality in Adolescence – Genetic and Environmental Influences<\/a><\/i> (doktorsritger\u00f0). The Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sv\u00ed\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0. Ritger\u00f0ina m\u00e1 n\u00e1lgast \u00e1 vefnum og h\u00fan var sko\u00f0u\u00f0 20.1. 2011.<\/font>
\nForsman byggir \u00e1 langt\u00edmranns\u00f3kn \u00e1 s\u00e6nskum tv\u00edburum en \u00ed henni var g\u00f6gnum safna\u00f0 \u00feegar tv\u00edburarnir voru or\u00f0nir 8-9 \u00e1ra, 13-14 \u00e1ra, 16-17 \u00e1ra og 19-20 \u00e1ra. B\u00f6rn og foreldrar sv\u00f6ru\u00f0u spurningalistum sem sendir voru \u00ed p\u00f3sti \u00feegar krakkarnir voru \u00e1 \u00feessum aldri. Hann ger\u00f0i fj\u00f3rar mismunandi ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 g\u00f6gnunum sem fyrir l\u00e1gu.<\/font><\/p>\n

Hann og flestir af n\u00fdrri rannsakendum hafa \u00fe\u00e1tta\u00f0 saman einst\u00f6k atri\u00f0i af g\u00e1tlista Hare. \u00de\u00e6ttirnir eru: Yfirbor\u00f0skenndur pers\u00f3nuleiki<\/i> \/ drottunargirni<\/i> (innifali\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeim \u00fe\u00e6tti eru st\u00f3rmennskuhugmyndir um eigi\u00f0 \u00e1g\u00e6ti. lygalaupur, falskur og sl\u00f3ttugur; h\u00e9r eru fyrstu 4 kjarnaeinkenni si\u00f0blindu \u00ed PCL-R tekin saman); Kaldlyndi<\/i> \/ yfirbor\u00f0skennt tilfinningal\u00edf<\/i> (\u00e1samt skorti \u00e1 sektarkennd og samhyg\u00f0, \u00fe.e. einkenni 5, 6 og 7 tekin saman) og af listanum yfir heg\u00f0un: Hvatv\u00edsi<\/i> og \u00e1byrg\u00f0arleysi<\/i> \u00e1samt spennuf\u00edkn<\/i> (\u00fe.e. einkenni 1, 7 og 8 af g\u00e1tlista Hare).<\/font>
\nForsman kemst a\u00f0 \u00feeirri ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u erf\u00f0ir r\u00e1\u00f0i mestu um kjarnaeinkennin\u00a0 kaldlyndi og yfirbor\u00f0skennt tilfinningal\u00edf<\/i> og\u00a0 umhverfi skipti \u00fear engu m\u00e1li. Einnig r\u00e9\u00f0u erf\u00f0ir \u00f3\u00e1byrgri heg\u00f0un og hvatv\u00edsi<\/i>. En \u00feetta \u00e1tti ekki vi\u00f0 um yfirbor\u00f0skenndan pers\u00f3nuleika og drottnunargirni<\/i>.\u00a0 Erf\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0ileg tengsl eru svo\u00a0 milli kjarnaeinkenna si\u00f0blindu og ytri raskana \/ atferlisraskana. Umhverfis\u00e1hrif sk\u00fdr\u00f0u aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti a\u00f0 hluta\u00a0 tengsl milli ytri raskana og andf\u00e9lagslegrar heg\u00f0unar. Si\u00f0blindur pers\u00f3nuleiki \u00e1 unglings\u00e1rum sp\u00e1\u00f0i fyrir um andf\u00e9lagslega heg\u00f0un \u00e1 fullor\u00f0ins\u00e1rum, vegna erf\u00f0a, en andf\u00e9lagsleg heg\u00f0un \u00e1 unglings\u00e1rum sp\u00e1\u00f0i ekki fyrir um si\u00f0blindan pers\u00f3nuleika.<\/font><\/p>\n

Hann v\u00edsar m.a. \u00ed Larsson, Henrik, H. Andershed og P. Lichtenstein. 2006. \u201eA genetic factor explains most of the variation in the psychopathic personality\u201c \u00ed\u00a0 Journal of Abnormal Psychology<\/i> 2006, 115, s. 221-30 og kemst a\u00f0 s\u00f6mu ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0u og \u00feeir.<\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

31. des. 2011: \u00c9g hef ofi\u00f0 si\u00f0blinduf\u00e6rslurnar og \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera \u00fe\u00e6gilegra a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a efni\u00f0 \u00e1 vef heldur en \u00ed \u00feessu bloggumhverfi. Sl\u00f3\u00f0in er: http:\/\/sidblinda.com \u00de\u00f3famj\u00fak r\u00e1nd\u00fdr sem l\u00e6\u00f0ast: Si\u00f0blinda, III hluti (Finna m\u00e1 a\u00f0rar …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-312","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=312"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/312\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=312"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=312"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=312"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}