{"id":322,"date":"2011-02-16T11:51:31","date_gmt":"2011-02-16T11:51:31","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/harpa.blogg.is\/2011-02-16\/skolastjorar-sem-leggja-kennara-i-einelti\/"},"modified":"2011-02-16T11:51:31","modified_gmt":"2011-02-16T11:51:31","slug":"skolastjorar-sem-leggja-kennara-i-einelti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2011\/02\/16\/skolastjorar-sem-leggja-kennara-i-einelti\/","title":{"rendered":"Sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3rar sem leggja kennara \u00ed einelti"},"content":{"rendered":"

Hla\u00f0a ni\u00f0ur f\u00e6rslunni sem Word<\/i>-skjali<\/a><\/b><\/font><\/p>\n

* M\u00f6guleg si\u00f0blinda me\u00f0 \u00ed spilinu?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c9g \u00e6tla\u00f0i m\u00e9r alltaf a\u00f0 skrifa um si\u00f0blindu \u00ed sk\u00f3lum \u00ed si\u00f0blindupistlar\u00f6\u00f0inni en fann svo ekki n\u00e6gilega g\u00f3\u00f0ar heimildir fyrir sl\u00edku. \u00de\u00f3 m\u00e1 telja afar l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 si\u00f0blindir s\u00e6ki \u00ed st\u00f6rf innan sk\u00f3lakerfisins (reyndar sta\u00f0festir \u00e1stralski s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingurinn John Clarke \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed vi\u00f0tali, sj\u00e1 f\u00e6rslu um si\u00f0blinda \u00e1 vinnust\u00f6\u00f0um<\/a>). \u00der\u00e1 \u00feeirra eftir v\u00f6ldum og a\u00f0 geta r\u00e1\u00f0skast me\u00f0 f\u00f3lk, ni\u00f0url\u00e6gt \u00fea\u00f0 og upphafi\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfa sig \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 st\u00f3rmennskuhugmyndir um eigi\u00f0 \u00e1g\u00e6ti \u00e6tti einmitt a\u00f0 gera kennarastarf \u00feokkalega eftirs\u00f3knarvert fyrir si\u00f0blinda. Nemendur eiga erfitt me\u00f0 a\u00f0 bera h\u00f6nd yfir h\u00f6fu\u00f0 s\u00e9r og sk\u00f3laumhverfi\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti (kennarastofa og annar starfsvettvangur) eru \u00e1g\u00e6tis vei\u00f0ilendur fyrir hin si\u00f0blindu r\u00e1nd\u00fdr (tel \u00e9g, eftir a\u00f0 hafa sett mig d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 inn \u00ed si\u00f0blindu og af langri reynslu af sk\u00f3laumhverfi).<\/font>1<\/font><\/sup><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt ekki hafi \u00e9g fundi\u00f0 heimildir um a\u00f0 skima\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 fyrir si\u00f0blindu \u00ed starfsmannah\u00f3pum sk\u00f3la fann \u00e9g nokkrar ranns\u00f3knir \u00e1 starfsmannaeinelti \u00ed sk\u00f3lum. M\u00e1 nefna fr\u00e6gar ranns\u00f3knir Blase & Blase sem einkum sko\u00f0u\u00f0u einelti sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3rnenda \u00ed gar\u00f0 kennara, su\u00f0urafr\u00edska ranns\u00f3kn \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sama, og n\u00fdja \u00e1stralska ranns\u00f3kn \u00e1 starfsmannaeinelti \u00ed sk\u00f3lum.<\/font>2<\/font><\/sup><\/b> Heldur f\u00e1tt er um f\u00edna dr\u00e6tti \u00ed \u00edslenskum ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 starfsmannaeinelti og stj\u00f3rnendaeinelti \u00ed sk\u00f3lum.<\/font>3<\/font><\/sup><\/b><\/p>\n

Athyglisver\u00f0asta ranns\u00f3knin \u00e1 sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3raeinelti fannst m\u00e9r vera eigindleg ranns\u00f3kn sem var ger\u00f0 \u00ed Su\u00f0ur-Afr\u00edku og l\u00fdst er \u00ed greininni \u201eThe reasons for and the impact of principal-on-teacher bullying on the victims’ private and professional lives\u201c (Wet, Corine de. 2010) og \u00e9g \u00e6tla einkum\u00a0 a\u00f0 fjalla um ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur hennar \u00ed \u00feessari f\u00e6rslu. En jafnframt sty\u00f0st \u00e9g vi\u00f0 ranns\u00f3kn Blase & Blase (2002), \u201eThe Dark Side of Leadership: Teacher Perspectives of Principal Mistreatment\u201c, og anna\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00feurfa \u00feykir. <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00c9g vek s\u00e9rstaka athygli \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00ed ranns\u00f3kn Blase & Blase og Fengning (2008), \u201eThe mistreated teacher: a national study\u201c, er \u00fev\u00ed haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 vinnusta\u00f0aeinelti s\u00e9 \u00f3tr\u00falega algengt, a\u00f0 sumir telji starf \u00ed sk\u00f3la, einkum grunnsk\u00f3la, vera h\u00e6ttulegast hva\u00f0 \u00feetta var\u00f0ar (teljist til \u201ehigh-risk occupations\u201c), a\u00f0 skv. breskum ranns\u00f3knum o.fl. eru kennarar taldir me\u00f0 st\u00e6rstu h\u00f3pum sem ver\u00f0a fyrir vinnusta\u00f0aeinelti og a\u00f0 mj\u00f6g margar af n\u00fdrri vinnusta\u00f0aeineltisranns\u00f3knum lei\u00f0i \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 hlutur stj\u00f3rnanda \u00ed einelti er mj\u00f6g st\u00f3r e\u00f0a milli 50-90% gerenda.<\/font><\/p>\n

\"Sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3riSk\u00f3lastj\u00f3raeinelti er skilgreint sem st\u00f6\u00f0ug valdn\u00ed\u00f0sla sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3ra sem hefur neikv\u00e6\u00f0 \u00e1hrif \u00e1 kennara<\/b>. Bent er \u00e1 almennt gildir um vinnusta\u00f0aeinelti a\u00f0 einelti stj\u00f3rnanda hafi sitt a\u00f0 segja \u00ed a\u00f0 eitra vinnuumhverfi\u00f0. Sl\u00edkt vinnuumhverfi er kalla\u00f0 \u201etoxic workplace\u201c \u00e1 ensku. \u00cd ranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 si\u00f0blindum \u00e1 vinnusta\u00f0 kemur fram a\u00f0 \u00f6rf\u00e1ir sl\u00edkir, kannski bara einn si\u00f0blindur, fari l\u00e9tt me\u00f0 a\u00f0 eitra sinn vinnusta\u00f0<\/font>4<\/font><\/sup><\/b> svo ekki \u00fearf alltaf l\u00e9legan stj\u00f3rnanda, \u00fe.e. anna\u00f0 hvort \u00f3h\u00f3flega r\u00e1\u00f0r\u00edkan e\u00f0a \u00feann sem l\u00e6tur allt danka, til a\u00f0 skapa eitra\u00f0 vinnuumhverfi.<\/font><\/p>\n

M\u00e6tti l\u00edka huga a\u00f0 kenningum Babiak og Hare<\/font>5<\/font><\/sup><\/b> um h\u00f6ggorma\u00a0 \u00ed jakkaf\u00f6tum, \u00fe.e. si\u00f0blinda \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptal\u00edfinu<\/a>, og yfirf\u00e6ra \u00e1 a\u00f0ra vinnusta\u00f0i. M\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 si\u00f0blindur starfsma\u00f0ur komi s\u00e9r upp \u00f6flugum verndara (patron<\/i>), \u00ed sk\u00f3lum v\u00e6ri s\u00e1 einna helst stj\u00f3rnandinn. Af kenningum um framg\u00f6ngu si\u00f0blindra \u00e1 vinnust\u00f6\u00f0um m\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed gera \u00fev\u00ed sk\u00f3na a\u00f0 \u00ed einhverjum tilvikum standi anna\u00f0 hvort si\u00f0blindur starfsma\u00f0ur bak vi\u00f0 einelti stj\u00f3rnanda e\u00f0a a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rnandinn s\u00e9 si\u00f0blindur. \u00c1 \u00feessa m\u00f6guleika er ekki minnst \u00ed su\u00f0urafr\u00edsku ranns\u00f3kninni en aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti er bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 einhverjir sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3rnendur sem beittu einelti virtust hafa sterka sj\u00e1lfsd\u00fdrkunardr\u00e6tti (narcissism<\/i>). Sj\u00e1lfsd\u00fdrkun<\/a> er talin skyld andf\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun, sem si\u00f0blinda fellur undir. Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 (og \u00fev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur) beita margir a\u00f0rir en si\u00f0blindir einelti \u00e1 s\u00ednum vinnusta\u00f0.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd ranns\u00f3kn Blase & Blase (2002) kemur fram a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f6llum tilvikum \u00fear sem sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3rar beita einstaka kennara einelti eiga sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3rarnir s\u00e9r jafnframt eitt e\u00f0a fleiri upp\u00e1h\u00f6ld, sem \u00feeir hygla me\u00f0 \u00fdmsu m\u00f3ti. Sl\u00edkt upp\u00e1hald e\u00f0a upp\u00e1h\u00f6ld sty\u00f0ja sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3rann \u00ed eineltinu, \u00fdmist beint e\u00f0a bak vi\u00f0 tj\u00f6ldin, og hvetja a\u00f0ra kennara til a\u00f0 taka \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed.<\/font>6<\/font><\/sup><\/b> \u00deetta sty\u00f0ur, a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati, vi\u00f0 kenningar og ranns\u00f3knir um \u00e1hrif si\u00f0blindra \u00e1 vinnusta\u00f0 og m\u00e6tti jafnvel \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feeirra \u00e6tla a\u00f0 upp\u00e1hald sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3rnenda hef\u00f0i talsver\u00f0 si\u00f0blindueinkenni.<\/font>
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* Sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3ri sem leggur kennara \u00ed einelti<\/font><\/b>\u00a0
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R\u00e9tt er a\u00f0 geta \u00feess a\u00f0 skv. fj\u00f6lda ranns\u00f3kna \u00e1 vinnusta\u00f0aeinelti beita kvenkyns og karlkyns stj\u00f3rnendur einelti \u00ed sama m\u00e6li en eru l\u00edklegri til a\u00f0 velja s\u00e9r kvenkyns f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb fremur en karla.<\/font>7<\/font><\/sup><\/b><\/p>\n

Einelti sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3ra l\u00fdsti s\u00e9r einkum \u00ed svona heg\u00f0un og a\u00f0fer\u00f0um:<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n