{"id":328,"date":"2011-03-10T11:33:15","date_gmt":"2011-03-10T11:33:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/harpa.blogg.is\/2011-03-10\/hugtakid-sidblinda-og-throun-thess\/"},"modified":"2011-03-10T11:33:15","modified_gmt":"2011-03-10T11:33:15","slug":"hugtakid-sidblinda-og-throun-thess","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2011\/03\/10\/hugtakid-sidblinda-og-throun-thess\/","title":{"rendered":"Hugtaki\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda og \u00fer\u00f3un \u00feess"},"content":{"rendered":"

31. des. 2011: \u00c9g hef ofi\u00f0 si\u00f0blinduf\u00e6rslurnar og \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera \u00fe\u00e6gilegra a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a efni\u00f0 \u00e1 vef heldur en \u00ed \u00feessu bloggumhverfi. Sl\u00f3\u00f0in er:<\/p>\n

http:\/\/sidblinda.com<\/strong><\/a><\/p>\n

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\u00de\u00f3famj\u00fak r\u00e1nd\u00fdr sem l\u00e6\u00f0ast: Si\u00f0blinda VI hluti<\/strong><\/font>
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Skilgreiningar \u00e1 si\u00f0blindu hafa fari\u00f0 \u00fat um v\u00ed\u00f0an v\u00f6ll \u00ed t\u00edmans r\u00e1s. Tvennt hefur \u00fe\u00f3 haldist nokku\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0ugt: Annars vegar a\u00f0 sterk tengsl si\u00f0blindra vi\u00f0 raunveruleikann og skortur \u00e1 ge\u00f0rofi\/sturlun er mikilv\u00e6gur \u00fe\u00e1ttur \u00ed greiningu si\u00f0blindu. Hins vegar a\u00f0 si\u00f0blindir einstaklingar eru oftast taldir \u00f3l\u00e6knandi. \u00cd meginatri\u00f0um m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 menn hafi sveiflast milli \u00feess a\u00f0 leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 pers\u00f3nuleikaeinkenni si\u00f0blindra til \u00feess a\u00f0 einbl\u00edna \u00e1 heg\u00f0un \u00feeirra. \u00deetta helst \u00ed hendur vi\u00f0 hvort menn hafa tali\u00f0 si\u00f0blindu arfgenga a\u00f0 mestu e\u00f0a a\u00f0allega m\u00f3ta\u00f0a af f\u00e9lagslegum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um. N\u00fana vir\u00f0ist sveiflan vera aftur til upphafsins, \u00fe.e.a.s. \u00e1hersla \u00e1 f\u00e9lagsm\u00f3tun sem ors\u00f6k minnkar og \u00e1hersla \u00e1 me\u00f0f\u00e6dda pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun eykst.<\/font><\/p>\n

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\"PhilippeOft er tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 franski l\u00e6knirinn og frumkv\u00f6\u00f0ull \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningum, Philippe Pinel<\/b> (1745 – 1826), hafi fyrstur l\u00fdst einhverju sem l\u00edkist si\u00f0blindu \u00e1 l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegan h\u00e1tt. Hann nota\u00f0i hugtaki\u00f0 la folie raisonnante<\/i>\/manie sans d\u00e9lire<\/i>, \u00fe.e.a.s. \u201ege\u00f0veikir \u00e1n vitfirringar\u201c m.a. um \u00fe\u00e1 sj\u00faklinga sem s\u00fdndu hvatv\u00edsa og sj\u00e1lfsey\u00f0ileggjandi heg\u00f0un, ger\u00f0u s\u00e9r grein fyrir eigin taumleysi en h\u00e9ldu \u00fe\u00f3 uppteknum h\u00e6tti. (Myndin er af Pinel.)<\/font>
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Benjamin Rush<\/b>, stundum sag\u00f0ur fa\u00f0ir bandar\u00edskrar ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i, skrifa\u00f0i snemma \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld um svipu\u00f0 tilfelli og Pinel l\u00fdsti og gekk enn lengra en\u00a0 Pinel \u00ed a\u00f0 reyna l\u00edta \u00e1 ge\u00f0sj\u00faka \u00e1 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega hlutlausan h\u00e1tt, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 \u00feeir hef\u00f0u einfaldlega galla\u00f0 tilfinningal\u00edf og ge\u00f0smuni. Rush h\u00e9lt \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 til v\u00e6ri f\u00f3lk sem s\u00fdndi \u00f3\u00e1byrga heg\u00f0un allt sitt l\u00edf \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00f6rla\u00f0i \u00e1 tilfinningum \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 sk\u00f6mm e\u00f0a hiki vegna aflei\u00f0inga ger\u00f0a \u00feess. Rush l\u00fdsti \u00feessu svona \u00e1ri\u00f0 1812: \u201eViljinn kann jafnvel a\u00f0 vera skekktur \u00ed m\u00f6rgum sem vir\u00f0ast vera vitandi vits … tilfinningarnar gera viljann a\u00f0 \u00f3sj\u00e1lfr\u00e1\u00f0u verkf\u00e6ri illra verka. F\u00f3lki sem haldi\u00f0 er \u00feessum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mi er um megn a\u00f0 segja satt um nokkurn skapa\u00f0an hlut … Falsi \u00feeirra er sjaldan beint me\u00f0vita\u00f0 til ska\u00f0a neins nema \u00fev\u00ed sj\u00e1lfu.\u201c (Medical Inquiries and Observations upon the Diseases of the Mind<\/i>, 1812, s. 124) Rush kalla\u00f0i \u00feetta \u201eskrumsk\u00e6lingu hinna si\u00f0legu \u00fe\u00e1tta\u201c (perversion of the moral faculties<\/i>) og \u201esi\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega firringu hugans\u201c (moral alienation of the mind<\/i>).<\/font>
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J. C. Prichard<\/b>\u00a0 var breskur l\u00e6knir, sem gaf \u00fat ritger\u00f0ina Treatise on Stupidity and Other Disorders of the Care<\/i> \u00e1ri\u00f0 1835. \u00dear nota\u00f0i hann fyrstur hugtaki\u00f0 \u201esi\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg brj\u00e1lsemi\u201c (moral insanity<\/i>) sem hann skilgreindi sem \u201e\u00f3n\u00e1tt\u00farlega skrumsk\u00e6ldar e\u00f0lilegar tilfinningar, ge\u00f0smunir, langanir, skap, si\u00f0ir, si\u00f0fer\u00f0iskennd og n\u00e1tt\u00farlegar hvatir, \u00e1n nokkurrar \u00e1berandi r\u00f6skunar e\u00f0a galla \u00ed skilningi e\u00f0a vitsmunalegum og r\u00f6kr\u00e6num \u00fe\u00e1ttum og s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1n nokkurra brj\u00e1lsemisblekkinga e\u00f0a ofskynjana.\u201c Prichard var a\u00f0 m\u00f6rgu leyti samm\u00e1la Pinel en algerlega \u00f3samm\u00e1la \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 l\u00edta sl\u00edkan einstakling \u00e1 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega hlutlausan h\u00e1tt. Prichard h\u00e9lt \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega brj\u00e1la\u00f0ir<\/i> s\u00fdndu sorglegan pers\u00f3nuleikagalla sem kalla\u00f0i \u00e1 f\u00e9lagslega refsingu Hann sl\u00f3 f\u00f6stu a\u00f0 sl\u00edkir \u00feekktu alveg muninn \u00e1 r\u00e9ttu og r\u00f6ngu en v\u00e6ru \u00fevinga\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 haga s\u00e9r \u00e1 forkastanlegan h\u00e1tt. Prichard l\u00fdsti \u00feessu \u00feannig: \u201eTil er tegund\/form ge\u00f0r\u00e6nnar truflunar \u00fear sem vitsmunaleg h\u00e6fni vir\u00f0ist hafa hloti\u00f0 l\u00edtinn e\u00f0a engan ska\u00f0a, \u00fear sem r\u00f6skunin hefur a\u00f0allega e\u00f0a eing\u00f6ngu teki\u00f0 s\u00e9r b\u00f3lfestu \u00ed tilfinningasvi\u00f0i, skapi e\u00f0a h\u00e1ttum. \u00cd tilvikum \u00feessa e\u00f0lis eru si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg og virk l\u00f6gm\u00e1l hugans undarlega afskr\u00e6md e\u00f0a skrumsk\u00e6ld; Sj\u00e1lfstj\u00f3rn er horfin e\u00f0a mj\u00f6g sk\u00f6ddu\u00f0 og einstaklingurinn er \u00f3f\u00e6r um a\u00f0 bera sig me\u00f0 reisn og g\u00e6ta vels\u00e6mis \u00ed l\u00edfinu, \u00fe\u00f3tt hann geti r\u00e6tt af skynsemi um hva\u00f0eina.\u201c<\/font>
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\"BaronFyrstur til a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 Psychopathie<\/i> var Baron Ernst von Feuchtersleben<\/b>, l\u00e6knir, sk\u00e1ld og heimspekingur \u00ed V\u00edn (1806-1849). Hann skrifa\u00f0i Lehrbuch der \u00e4rztlichen Seelenkunde<\/i> \u00e1ri\u00f0 1845 og h\u00fan var \u00fe\u00fddd \u00e1 ensku 1847 undir titlinum The Principles of Medical Psychology<\/i>. Feuchtersleben leit \u00e1 Psychopathieen<\/i> sem sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma pers\u00f3nuleikans. Si\u00f0legur pers\u00f3nuleiki kann a\u00f0 haldast \u00f3trufla\u00f0ur en er yfirgn\u00e6f\u00f0ur af r\u00f6skuninni. Hann fjalla\u00f0i um Psychopathieen <\/i>\u00ed fj\u00f3rum k\u00f6flum, undir yfirskriftunum: Heimska<\/i>; F\u00f6st hugvilla<\/i>; \u00c6\u00f0i<\/i> og F\u00e1bj\u00e1nah\u00e1ttur<\/i>. A\u00f0 hans mati endu\u00f0u allir ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar \u00ed f\u00e1bj\u00e1nah\u00e6tti v\u00e6ri ekkert gert til l\u00e6kninga. \u00dea\u00f0 er nokku\u00f0 lj\u00f3st a\u00f0 Feuhtersleben haf\u00f0i talsvert anna\u00f0 \u00ed huga en n\u00fat\u00edma skilning \u00e1 or\u00f0inu psychopatie en hann var l\u00edklega h\u00f6fundur or\u00f0sins. (Myndin er af von Feuchtersleben.)<\/font>
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\u00de\u00fdski l\u00e6knirinn Julius L. Koch<\/b> nota\u00f0i \u00e1ri\u00f0 1891 hugtaki\u00f0 \u201esi\u00f0blind l\u00e1gk\u00fara\u201c (Die Psychopathischen Minderwertigkeiten<\/i> – \u00e1 ensku psychopathic inferiority<\/i>) \u00ed samnefndu riti og \u00e1tti vi\u00f0 einstaklinga sem s\u00fdndu \u00f3e\u00f0lilega heg\u00f0un vegna erf\u00f0a en voru ekki brj\u00e1la\u00f0ir. Hugtaki\u00f0 l\u00fdsti tilfinningalegum og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegum fr\u00e1vikum \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1ttum sem tengdust samvisku og f\u00e9kk g\u00f3\u00f0ar vi\u00f0t\u00f6kur \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu og Amer\u00edku. \u00de\u00f3tt \u00feetta v\u00e6ri merkileg tilraun \u00ed l\u00fdsandi ger\u00f0aflokkun n\u00e1\u00f0i hugtaki\u00f0 raunar yfir n\u00e1nast allt \u00fea\u00f0 sem flokkast til pers\u00f3nuleikaraskana \u00ed dag. \u00cd endur\u00fatg\u00e1fum \u00e1 b\u00f3k Koch skipti hann \u00fat Minderwertigkeit<\/i> \u00ed Pers\u00f6nlichkeit<\/i>.<\/font>
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\"EmilEmil Kraepelin<\/b> (1856-1926), mj\u00f6g fr\u00e6gur \u00fe\u00fdskur ge\u00f0l\u00e6knir, stundum kalla\u00f0ur fa\u00f0ir n\u00fat\u00edma ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i, betrumb\u00e6tti og j\u00f3k vi\u00f0 hugmynd\u00a0 Koch um \u201esi\u00f0blinda l\u00e1gk\u00faru\u201c (psychopathischen Mindwertigkeiten) <\/i>\u00fev\u00ed hann vildi \u00ferengja skilgreininguna a\u00f0 \u00feeim sem s\u00fdndu mest ey\u00f0ileggjandi pers\u00f3nueinkenni og ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar \u00e1 stofnunum t\u00e6kju oftast eftir. Tuttugu \u00e1rum eftir a\u00f0 Koch setti fram s\u00ednar kenningar um si\u00f0blinda r\u00f6tu\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e6r \u00ed 8. \u00fatg\u00e1fu Kraepelin af Lehrbuch der Psychiatrie <\/i>undir n\u00fdrra heiti Koch,\u00a0psychopatische Pers\u00f6nlichkeiten<\/i>. Pers\u00f3nuleiki si\u00f0blindra kemur a\u00f0 mati Kraepelin fram \u00ed sj\u00f6 tegundum: \u00c6singagj\u00f6rnum<\/i>, framtakslausum<\/i>, hvatv\u00edsum<\/i>, lygnum<\/i>, f\u00f6lskum<\/i>, andf\u00e9lagslegum<\/i> og \u00ferasgj\u00f6rnum<\/i>. Kraepelin l\u00fdsti undirflokknum si\u00f0blindum lygurum<\/i> sem stj\u00f3rns\u00f6mum, yfirbor\u00f0skenndum, heillandi og skeytingarlausum um a\u00f0ra. \u00cd \u00f6\u00f0rum undirflokki taldi hann gl\u00e6pamenn af hv\u00f6t, sem fylltust \u00f3vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anlegri \u00fe\u00f6rf til a\u00f0 fremja gl\u00e6pi \u00e1n efnahagslegs gr\u00f3\u00f0a, eins og \u00edkveikju e\u00f0a nau\u00f0gun. \u00deri\u00f0ji flokkurinn \u00e1tti vi\u00f0\u00a0 atvinnugl\u00e6pamenn sem fr\u00f6mdu gl\u00e6pi \u00ed kaldlyndu hagsmunaskyni fremur en af \u00f3vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anlegum hv\u00f6tum. \u00cd fj\u00f3r\u00f0a flokknum voru sj\u00faklegir fl\u00e6kingar sem reiku\u00f0u gegnum l\u00edfi\u00f0 \u00e1n sj\u00e1lfstrausts e\u00f0a \u00e1byrg\u00f0ar. \u00c1hersla Kraepelin var \u00fe\u00f3 mest \u00e1 andf\u00e9lagslega heg\u00f0un. Hann kalla\u00f0i hinn andf\u00e9lagslega si\u00f0blinda der Gesellscahftsfeind<\/i> og l\u00fdsti sl\u00edkum einstaklingum \u00feannig: \u201e\u00d3vinir samf\u00e9lagsins … einkennast af sl\u00e6vingu si\u00f0fer\u00f0iskenndar. Oft ey\u00f0ileggja \u00feeir og h\u00f3ta … \u00feeir geta ekki brug\u00f0ist vi\u00f0 af tilfinningad\u00fdpt og \u00fe\u00e1 skortir sam\u00fa\u00f0 og n\u00e6rg\u00e6tni. \u00deeir hneigjast til vandr\u00e6\u00f0a \u00ed sk\u00f3la, skr\u00f3pa og strj\u00faka. \u00dej\u00f3fna\u00f0ur fr\u00e1 unga aldri er algengur me\u00f0al \u00feeirra og \u00feeir fremja gl\u00e6pi af \u00fdmsum toga.\u201c (Myndin er af Kraepelin.)<\/font>
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Karl Birnbaum<\/b> (1878-1950) var upphaflega \u00fe\u00fdskur ge\u00f0l\u00e6knir (f\u00e6ddur \u00ed Sl\u00e9s\u00edu og af gy\u00f0inga\u00e6ttum) en flutti til Bandar\u00edkjanna 1939 og starfa\u00f0i \u00fear sem eftir var \u00e6vinnar. Hann skrifa\u00f0i greinina \u201e\u00dcber psychopathische Pers\u00f6nlichkeiten\u201c \u00e1ri\u00f0 1909, \u00fear sem hann kynnti hugtaki\u00f0 \u201ef\u00e9lagsblindingi\u201c (Sociopath)\u00a0<\/i>til a\u00f0 leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 f\u00e9lagslegar orsakir andf\u00e9lagslegrar heg\u00f0unar.\u00a0 B\u00f3kin Die psychopatischen Verbrecher<\/i> kom \u00fat 1914 og fjallar um si\u00f0blinda afbrotamenn eins og titillinn gefur til kynna. Bandar\u00edski ge\u00f0l\u00e6knirinn Partridge<\/b> t\u00f3k svo upp or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201ef\u00e9lagsblindingi\u201c (sociopath<\/i>) \u00e1ri\u00f0 1930 \u00fev\u00ed hann beindi sj\u00f3num einkum a\u00f0 andf\u00e9lagslegri heg\u00f0un si\u00f0blindra, hvernig \u00feeir brj\u00f3ta l\u00f6g, reglur og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg vi\u00f0mi\u00f0.<\/font><\/p>\n

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\u00cd kl\u00edn\u00edskri r\u00e9ttarl\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i sem \u00fer\u00f3a\u00f0ist \u00e1 millistr\u00ed\u00f0s\u00e1runum haf\u00f0i Kurt Schneider<\/b> (1887-1967) nokkur \u00e1hrif me\u00f0 b\u00f3k sinni Die psychopatischen Pers\u00f6nlichkeiten<\/i>, sem kom \u00fat \u00e1ri\u00f0 1921. Hefur hef\u00f0bundi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fdskt vi\u00f0horf til si\u00f0blindu talsvert byggt \u00e1 kenningum hans, allt til vorra t\u00edma. Hann greindi \u00ed a\u00f0alatri\u00f0um milli tveggja ger\u00f0a si\u00f0blindra, \u00fe.e. \u00feeirra sem \u00fej\u00e1st vegna s\u00e1larlegs \u00f3e\u00f0lis og \u00feeirra sem l\u00e1ta samf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00e1st. Schneider lag\u00f0i sig fram um a\u00f0 skilgreina si\u00f0blindu \u00e1 \u00f3gildishla\u00f0inn\/hlutlausan h\u00e1tt en t\u00f3kst \u00fea\u00f0 ekki alveg. Hann leit ekki \u00e1 si\u00f0blindu sem ge\u00f0r\u00e6nan sj\u00fakd\u00f3m heldur fr\u00e1vik fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed sem kalla m\u00e6tti me\u00f0allag. Schneider taldi sig hafa fundi\u00f0 t\u00edu \u00f3l\u00edkar ger\u00f0ir si\u00f0blindra: \u00de\u00e1 kraftmiklu<\/i> (sem eru ofvirkir, einfaldir og \u00f3\u00e1rei\u00f0anlegir); \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feunglyndu<\/i> (sem hafa neikv\u00e6\u00f0a l\u00edfss\u00fdn), \u00fe\u00e1 \u00f3\u00f6ruggu<\/i> (sem eru vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mir e\u00f0a s\u00fdna skort \u00e1 sj\u00e1lfstrausti), \u00fe\u00e1 ofst\u00e6kisfullu<\/i> (haldnir \u00fer\u00e1hyggju og s\u00fdna skert veruleikatengsl), \u00fe\u00e1 hverflyndu<\/i> (sem stj\u00f3rnast af tilfinningum s\u00ednum), \u00fe\u00e1 sem stj\u00f3rnast af st\u00f3rmennskuhugmyndum<\/i>, \u00fe\u00e1 kaldlyndu<\/i>, \u00fe\u00e1 viljalausu<\/i> (sem l\u00e1ta a\u00f0ra stj\u00f3rna s\u00e9r), \u00fe\u00e1 t\u00e1plausu<\/i> (sem skortir allt frumkv\u00e6\u00f0i) og \u00fe\u00e1 trylltu<\/i> (sem s\u00fdna stj\u00f3rnlausa \u00e1r\u00e1sarhv\u00f6t).<\/font>
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Enski ge\u00f0l\u00e6knirinn Henry Maudsley<\/b> reyndi, \u00ed b\u00f3k sinni Responsibility in mental disease<\/i>, 1897, a\u00f0 greina milli illsku sem birtist \u00ed ge\u00f0r\u00e6nni truflun, \u00fe.e. si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegri brj\u00e1lsemi, og \u00feeirrar sem stafa\u00f0i af\u00a0upprunalegum stj\u00f3rnlausum pers\u00f3nuleika. Maudsley taldi a\u00f0 tilfinningar og hvatir einar, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 r\u00f6kv\u00edsi v\u00e6ri skert, g\u00e6tu fengi\u00f0 menn til a\u00f0 fremja afbrot. Hann sl\u00f3 \u00fev\u00ed f\u00f6stu a\u00f0 ekki v\u00e6ri h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 endurh\u00e6fa f\u00f3l sem tilb\u00fain v\u00e6ru til \u201esi\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegs f\u00e1bj\u00e1nah\u00e1ttar\u201c (moral imbecility<\/i>) me\u00f0 fangelsisvist.\u00a0\u00c1kve\u00f0inn hluti afbrotamanna s\u00fdndi galla\u00f0a l\u00edkamlega og s\u00e1lr\u00e6na starfsemi sem hef\u00f0i \u00ed f\u00f6r me\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00f6fgakenndan skort e\u00f0a jafnvel algeran skort \u00e1 si\u00f0fer\u00f0iskennd. \u201eSi\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegur f\u00e1bj\u00e1nah\u00e1ttur\u201c v\u00e6ri me\u00f0f\u00e6ddur og ekki \u00fe\u00fdddi a\u00f0 refsa \u00feeim sem ekki g\u00e6tu stj\u00f3rna\u00f0 ger\u00f0um s\u00ednum.<\/font>
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George Everett Partridge<\/b>, bandar\u00edsku ge\u00f0l\u00e6knir, birti greinina \u201eA Study of 50 Cases of Psychopathic Personality\u201c \u00e1ri\u00f0 1928. \u00dear stakk hann upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 n\u00e1lgast si\u00f0blindu \u00e1 tvenns konar orsakafr\u00e6\u00f0ilegan h\u00e1tt. Hann haf\u00f0i teki\u00f0 eftir a\u00f0 \u00ed fj\u00f6lskyldum si\u00f0blindra gl\u00e6pamanna m\u00e1tti finna \u00f3venju h\u00e1tt hlutfall si\u00f0blindra sem benti til a\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda v\u00e6ri af l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum r\u00f3tum runnin. Hins vegar voru \u00feeir si\u00f0blindir til sem ekki \u00e1ttu \u00e6ttingja me\u00f0 si\u00f0blindu. \u00de\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefndu taldi Partridge haldna \u00e1unninni si\u00f0blindu sem v\u00e6ri einhvers konar a\u00f0l\u00f6gun a\u00f0 r\u00f3tlausu uppeldi og umhverfi \u00ed \u00e6sku. \u00deess vegna stakk Partridge upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u201ef\u00e9lagsblindingi\u201c (sociopath)<\/i> \u00ed greininni \u201eCurrent Conceptions of Psychopathic Personality\u201c (1930) til a\u00f0 leggja \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda geti allt eins stafa\u00f0 af f\u00e9lagslegum \u00fe\u00e1ttum og l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum. \u201eF\u00e9lagsblinda\u201c var s\u00f6g\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0ug vanh\u00e6fni til a\u00f0 a\u00f0lagast venjum og si\u00f0um samf\u00e9lagsins, sem ekki m\u00e1tti r\u00e1\u00f0a \u00e1 b\u00f3t me\u00f0 venjulegum a\u00f0fer\u00f0um menntunar e\u00f0a me\u00f0 refsingum.<\/font>
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David Henderson <\/b>(1884-1965), virtur skoskur ge\u00f0l\u00e6knir, haf\u00f0i mj\u00f6g mikil \u00e1hrif \u00e1 breska hugtaki\u00f0 psychopathy<\/i>. Henderson leit \u00e1 \u201esi\u00f0blint \u00e1stand\u201c (psychopatic states<\/i>, hann gaf \u00fat samnefnda b\u00f3k \u00e1ri\u00f0 1939) sem grundvallar \u00f3e\u00f0li. \u00d6ndvert vi\u00f0 marga a\u00f0ra, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00fe\u00fdska ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna, taldi hann grunninn lag\u00f0an b\u00e6\u00f0i af arfgengi og umhverfi. Hann taldi a\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda k\u00e6mi fram \u00e1 \u00ferj\u00e1 vegu: \u00deeir sem v\u00e6ru fyrst og fremst \u00e1r\u00e1sargjarnir<\/i>, fyrst og fremst \u00f3\u00e1byrgir<\/i> og fyrst og fremst skapandi<\/i>. \u00deeir \u00e1r\u00e1sargj\u00f6rnu v\u00e6ru ofbeldisfullir, h\u00e6tti til sj\u00e1lfsv\u00edgs og a\u00f0 misnota v\u00edmuefni. \u00deeir \u00f3\u00e1byrgu h\u00e9ldu sig til hl\u00e9s, v\u00e6ru ofurtilfinningan\u00e6mir, \u00f3st\u00f6\u00f0uglyndir og heilsukv\u00ed\u00f0nir. \u00deeir v\u00e6ru einnig innhverfir og sj\u00faklegir lygarar. Skapandi si\u00f0blindir voru \u00f3e\u00f0lilegt f\u00f3lk sem t\u00f3kst a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a fr\u00e6gt e\u00f0a fr\u00e6gt a\u00f0 endemum. \u00deri\u00f0ja skilgreiningin var l\u00edti\u00f0 notu\u00f0 en hinar tv\u00e6r r\u00f6tu\u00f0u inn \u00ed engilsaxnesk hugt\u00f6k um pers\u00f3nuleikaraskanir sem einkenndust fyrst og fremst af andf\u00e9lagslegum \u00fe\u00e1ttum. \u00cd bresku ge\u00f0heilbrig\u00f0isl\u00f6gunum (Mental Health Act<\/i>) er hugtaki\u00f0 \u201esi\u00f0blindur\u00f6skun\u201c (psychopathic disorder)<\/i> n\u00e6r eing\u00f6ngu nota\u00f0 \u00ed merkingunni afbrig\u00f0ileg og \u00f3\u00e1byrg heg\u00f0un.<\/font>
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\"HenryB\u00f3k bandar\u00edska ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisins Henrys Cleckley<\/b>, Mask of Sanity<\/i>,\u00a0marka\u00f0i upphafi\u00f0 a\u00f0 kl\u00edn\u00edskum skilningi n\u00fat\u00edmans \u00e1 si\u00f0blindum. B\u00f3kin kom fyrst \u00fat \u00e1ri\u00f0 1941 og hefur veri\u00f0 endur\u00fatgefin fimm sinnum, s\u00ed\u00f0ast 1976. Cleckley bygg\u00f0i l\u00fdsingu s\u00edna \u00e1 kynnum af hv\u00edtum si\u00f0blindum millist\u00e9ttark\u00f6rlum, sem voru sj\u00faklingar \u00e1 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakrah\u00fasi. Ni\u00f0urst\u00f6\u00f0ur hans bygg\u00f0ust \u00e1 andf\u00e9lagslegri heg\u00f0un si\u00f0blindra sem ekki m\u00e1tti rekja til hvata, ge\u00f0rofs, hugs\u00fdki e\u00f0a andlegrar f\u00f6tlunar. Megineinkenni \u00ed l\u00fdsingu Cleckley \u00e1 si\u00f0blindum eru \u00feessi: \u00deeir eru haldnir st\u00f3rmennskuhugmyndum, hrokafullir, kaldlyndir, yfirbor\u00f0skenndir og stj\u00f3rnsamir; Hva\u00f0 tilfinningar var\u00f0ar eru \u00feeir skapbr\u00e1\u00f0ir, geta ekki bundist \u00f6\u00f0rum sterkum tilfinningalegum b\u00f6ndum og skortir saml\u00ed\u00f0an, sekt e\u00f0a eftirsj\u00e1; \u00cd heg\u00f0un eru \u00feeir \u00f3\u00e1rei\u00f0anlegir, hvatv\u00edsir og v\u00edla ekki fyrir s\u00e9r a\u00f0 brj\u00f3ta f\u00e9lagsleg norm e\u00f0a l\u00f6g. Veigamiki\u00f0 atri\u00f0i \u00ed greiningu Cleckley var \u201emerkingarleg veiklun\u201c (semantic dementia<\/i>) en me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1tti hann vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 si\u00f0blindum v\u00e6ri um megn a\u00f0 upplifa hvers kyns mannlega reynslu af tilfinningad\u00fdpt \u00fe\u00f3tt vitsmunum \u00feeirra v\u00e6ri ekki \u00e1f\u00e1tt. Hugtaki\u00f0 er ekki lengur nota\u00f0 yfir \u00feetta en sk\u00fdr\u00f0i \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma margt \u00ed fari si\u00f0blindra. Cleckley \u00e1tta\u00f0i sig \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 margir si\u00f0blindir lentu aldrei \u00ed fangelsi og taldi \u00fea\u00f0 sk\u00fdrast af \u00fev\u00ed \u00feeir lausbeislu\u00f0u v\u00e6ru miklu flinkari \u00ed a\u00f0 koma e\u00f0lilega fyrir.<\/font><\/p>\n

Robert D. Hare byggir \u00e1 hugmyndum Cleckley og hefur \u00edtarlega skilgreint si\u00f0blindu, \u00e1samt \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 hanna greiningarlykla fyrir hana. Um kenningar Cleckley og kenningar Hare m\u00e1 lesa \u00e1 \u00de\u00f3famj\u00fak r\u00e1nd\u00fdr sem l\u00e6\u00f0ast; Si\u00f0blinda I. hluti<\/a>.<\/font>
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Opinberir sta\u00f0lar<\/font><\/b>
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\"S\u00f6gulegt<\/a>S\u00e9 smellt \u00e1 myndina af t\u00f6flunni h\u00e9r til vinstri birtist st\u00f3r \u00fatg\u00e1fa \u00e1 s\u00e9rstakri s\u00ed\u00f0u. Taflan er yfirlit yfir helstu hugt\u00f6k sem l\u00e6knar hafa nota\u00f0 yfir si\u00f0blindu fr\u00e1 upphafi og hugt\u00f6k sem notu\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 \u00ed st\u00f6\u00f0lum, einkum DSM; l\u00fdsingu \u00e1 si\u00f0blindu og horfur \u00e1 bata.<\/font><\/p>\n

DSM<\/b> (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders<\/i>)\u00a0er Greiningar- og t\u00f6lfr\u00e6\u00f0ihandb\u00f3k fyrir ge\u00f0r\u00e6na sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma<\/i> sem Bandar\u00edsku ge\u00f0l\u00e6knasamt\u00f6kin (APA<\/i>) gefa \u00fat.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd fyrstu \u00fatg\u00e1fu handb\u00f3karinnar (1952) var nota\u00f0 hugtaki\u00f0 \u201ef\u00e9lagsblind pers\u00f3nuleikatruflun\u201c (Sociopathic Personality Disturbance<\/i>) til \u00feess a\u00f0 l\u00fdsa si\u00f0blindum einstaklingum. \u00deetta s\u00fdnir hvernig Bandar\u00edsku ge\u00f0l\u00e6knasamt\u00f6kin reyndu a\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenna f\u00e9lagslega \u00e1hrifavalda \u00e1 pers\u00f3nuleika og ge\u00f0r\u00e6na r\u00f6skun. En l\u00fdsing DSM innih\u00e9lt m\u00f6rg einkenni sem Cleckley haf\u00f0i tali\u00f0 til pers\u00f3nuleika\u00fe\u00e1tta si\u00f0blindra: Skort \u00e1 kv\u00ed\u00f0a; v\u00f6ntun sektarkenndar; hvatv\u00edsi; kaldlyndi og skort \u00e1 a\u00f0 vera \u00e1byrgur ger\u00f0a sinna. Heg\u00f0unareinkennin sem l\u00fdst var g\u00e1tu hins vegar \u00e1tt almennt vi\u00f0 gl\u00e6psamlega heg\u00f0un.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd\u00a0 n\u00e6stu greiningar-og t\u00f6lfr\u00e6\u00f0ihandb\u00f3k, DSM-II <\/b>(APA, 1968) var si\u00f0blinda innifalin \u00ed \u201eandf\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun\u201c (Antisocial Personality Disorder<\/i>). Andf\u00e9lagslega skilgreiningin beindist samt fremur a\u00f0\u00a0pers\u00f3nuleikaeinkennum hins si\u00f0blinda en s\u00ed\u00f0ur a\u00f0 heg\u00f0un f\u00e9lagsblindingja. T.d. l\u00fdsti DSM-II \u00feessum einstaklingum sem kaldlyndum, hvatv\u00edsum, sj\u00e1lfselskum og \u00f3f\u00e6rum um a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra af reynslunni. En heildarlista yfir pers\u00f3nuleikaeinkenni vanta\u00f0i og engar lei\u00f0beiningar um sj\u00fakd\u00f3msgreiningu var a\u00f0 finna.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd DSM-III <\/b>(APA 1980) og DSM-III-R<\/b> (APA 1987) var si\u00f0blinda \u00e1fram innifalin \u00ed andf\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun (ASPD<\/i>). En n\u00fa var sj\u00f3num ekki lengur beint a\u00f0 pers\u00f3nuleikaeinkennunum heldur a\u00f0 heg\u00f0un si\u00f0blindra. Forsendur \u00feess voru a\u00f0 greining heg\u00f0unar v\u00e6ri miklu \u00e1rei\u00f0anlegri a\u00f0fer\u00f0 en a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 meta \u00fe\u00e1 pers\u00f3nuleika\u00fe\u00e6tti sem l\u00e6gju a\u00f0 baki heg\u00f0uninni. Hi\u00f0 n\u00fdja flokkunarkerfi var svo almennt a\u00f0 innan \u00feess r\u00famu\u00f0ust n\u00e1nast \u00f6ll \u00feekkt l\u00f6gbrot. \u00cd \u00feessari n\u00fdju \u00fatg\u00e1fu af DSM var minnst \u00e1 heg\u00f0unarr\u00f6skun (Conduct Disorder<\/i>), \u00fe.e. afbrig\u00f0ilega heg\u00f0un fyrir 15 aldur, sem nau\u00f0synlegan \u00fe\u00e1tt til \u00ed greiningunni. \u00cd greiningarlyklinum fyrir heg\u00f0unarr\u00f6skun \u00feurftu 3 einkenni af 12 einkennum afbrig\u00f0ilegrar heg\u00f0unar a\u00f0 vera til sta\u00f0ar, einkenni \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 lygar, skr\u00f3p, a\u00f0 n\u00ed\u00f0ast \u00e1 d\u00fdrum e\u00f0a f\u00f3lki, \u00edkveikju og \u00e1flog. Til a\u00f0 greinast me\u00f0 andf\u00e9laglega pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun \u00feurfti og \u00fearf enn a\u00f0 uppfylla a.m.k. 4 af 10 einkennum hennar (auk \u00feess a\u00f0 greinast me\u00f0 heg\u00f0unarr\u00f6skun \u00ed \u00e6sku). \u00deau eru m.a.: Getur ekki heg\u00f0a\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00e1 vi\u00f0urkenndan h\u00e1tt \u00ed vinnu um langt skei\u00f0; getur ekki laga\u00f0 sig a\u00f0 f\u00e9laglegum normum e\u00f0a l\u00f6gum; er pirra\u00f0ur og \u00e1r\u00e1sargjarn sem birtist \u00ed \u00e1flogum e\u00f0a \u00e1r\u00e1sum o.s.fr.<\/font><\/p>\n

DSM-IV<\/b> (1994)<\/font><\/p>\n

L\u00edtil breyting var\u00f0 \u00e1 milli DSM-III-R og DSM-IV. Si\u00f0blinda og f\u00e9lagsblinda er \u00e1fram undir andf\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun. Segir m.a.: \u201eskortur \u00e1 saml\u00ed\u00f0an, \u00f3h\u00f3flegt sj\u00e1lfsh\u00f3l og yfirbor\u00f0skenndur \u00feokki eru \u00fe\u00e6ttir sem algengt er a\u00f0 falli undir hef\u00f0bundnar hugmyndir um si\u00f0blinda og kunna a\u00f0 vera s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1berandi \u00ed andf\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun fanga e\u00f0a vistmanna \u00e1 r\u00e9ttarge\u00f0l\u00e6kingarstofnunum \u00fear sem gl\u00e6psamleg, afbrotakennd e\u00f0a \u00e1r\u00e1sargj\u00f6rn heg\u00f0un er l\u00edkleg til a\u00f0 vera ekki einsleit.\u201c Tengsl DSM-IV vi\u00f0 greiningarlykil Roberts D. Hare eru ekki s\u00e9rlega mikil. Einungis hluti af \u00fe\u00e6tti 2, Afbrig\u00f0ilegum f\u00e9lagslegum l\u00edfst\u00edl<\/i>, \u00ed greiningarlykli Hare er innifalinn \u00ed skilgreiningunni \u00e1 andf\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun.<\/font><\/p>\n

Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti er Greiningar-og t\u00f6lfr\u00e6\u00f0ihandb\u00f3k fyrir ge\u00f0r\u00e6na sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma<\/i> \u00ed endursko\u00f0un og er stefnt a\u00f0 \u00fatg\u00e1fu DSM-5<\/b> \u00ed ma\u00ed 2013. Skilgreiningu \u00e1 andf\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun hefur veri\u00f0 breytt t\u00f6luvert \u00ed dr\u00f6gum a\u00f0 DSM-5 og segja \u00feeir sem vinna a\u00f0 endursko\u00f0uninni: \u201eVinnuh\u00f3purinn m\u00e6lir me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feessi r\u00f6skun ver\u00f0i enduror\u00f0u\u00f0 \u00ed andf\u00e9lagslega\/ si\u00f0blinda ger\u00f0 (Antisocial\/Psychopathic Type<\/i>)\u201c og telur svo upp h\u00f6fu\u00f0einkenni \u00ed greiningarlykli Hare. (Sj\u00e1 \u201e301.7 Antisocial Personality Disorder<\/a>\u201c \u00ed American Psychiatric Association DSM-5 Development<\/i>, sko\u00f0a\u00f0 6. jan. 2011.)<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

ICD-10 <\/b>(International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Health Related Problems<\/i>) <\/b>er sta\u00f0all Heilbrig\u00f0isstofnunar Sameinu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna (WHO). N\u00fa er notu\u00f0 t\u00edunda \u00fatg\u00e1fa sta\u00f0alsins \u00ed fj\u00f6lda landa, \u00fe.\u00e1.m. \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. A\u00f0 m\u00f6rgu leyti ber ICD-10 saman vi\u00f0 DSM-IV en \u00fe\u00f3 m\u00e1 finna mun \u00ed greiningu \u00fdmissa sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma.<\/font><\/p>\n

Af\u00a0 pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skunum sem taldar eru \u00ed ICD-10 kemst \u201ef\u00e9lagsleg pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun\u201c (Dyssocial Personality Disorder<\/i>) n\u00e6st \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 dekka si\u00f0blindu. H\u00fan er undirflokkur S\u00e9rt\u00e6kra pers\u00f3nuleikaraskana<\/i>. Innan f\u00e9lagslegrar pers\u00f3nur\u00f6skunar eru: Si\u00f0leysispers\u00f3nur\u00f6skun (amoral<\/i>), andf\u00e9lagsleg pers\u00f3nur\u00f6skun (antisocial<\/i>), \u00f3f\u00e9lagsleg pers\u00f3nur\u00f6skun (asocial<\/i>), ge\u00f0villupers\u00f3nur\u00f6skun (psychopathic<\/i>) og f\u00e9lagsblindupers\u00f3nur\u00f6skun (sociopathic<\/i>). Si\u00f0blinda hefur einnig veri\u00f0 nefnd \u201ege\u00f0villa\u201c \u00e1 \u00edslensku.\u00a0 Skilgreining \u00e1 f\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun er: \u201ePers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun sem einkennist af hunsun f\u00e9lagslegra skyldna og kaldlyndu skeytingarleysi hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar tilfinningar annarra. Heg\u00f0un er \u00ed hr\u00f3plegu \u00f3samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 r\u00edkjandi norm \u00ed samf\u00e9laginu. Henni ver\u00f0ur trau\u00f0lega breytt \u00fe\u00f3tt aflei\u00f0ingarnar s\u00e9u sl\u00e6mar, \u00fe.m.t. refsingar. L\u00edti\u00f0 \u00fearf til gremju og skapofsa, \u00fe.\u00e1.m. beitingu ofbeldis; sj\u00faklingurinn hneigist til a\u00f0 varpa s\u00f6k \u00e1 a\u00f0ra e\u00f0a reynir a\u00f0 r\u00e9ttl\u00e6ta \u00fe\u00e1 heg\u00f0un s\u00edna sem kom honum \u00ed klandur \u00ed samf\u00e9laginu me\u00f0 r\u00f6kum sem hann telur tr\u00faver\u00f0ug.\u201c<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Helsti munurinn \u00e1 andf\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun\u00a0 DSM-IV og f\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun ICD-10 felst kannski \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00ed fyrrnefnda greiningarkerfinu ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 hafa m\u00e6lst heg\u00f0unarr\u00f6skun (CD<\/em>) fyrir 15 \u00e1ra aldur en \u00ed hinu s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda er sl\u00edk r\u00f6skun \u00fatiloku\u00f0 \u00ed greiningunni.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri \u00e1hugavert a\u00f0 vita hvort e\u00f0a hve margir hafa veri\u00f0 greindir \u00e1 \u00cdslandi me\u00f0 ge\u00f0villupers\u00f3nur\u00f6skun e\u00f0a f\u00e9lagsblindupers\u00f3nur\u00f6skun en l\u00edklega liggja sl\u00edkar uppl\u00fdsingar hvergi frammi.<\/font>
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\n

Heimildir voru sko\u00f0a\u00f0ar \u00ed febr\u00faar og mars 2011 og \u00fe\u00e6r eru:<\/font><\/p>\n

Andrade, Joel T. 2008. \u201eThe inclusion of antisocial behavior in the construct of psychopathy: A review of the research<\/a>\u201c. Aggression and Violent Behavior<\/i> 13.\u00e1rg. 4.tbl. 2008, s. 328-335.<\/font><\/p>\n

Arrigo, Bruce A. og\u00a0 Stacey Shipley. 2001. \u201eThe Confusion Over Psychopathy (I): Historical Considerations<\/a>\u201c. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology<\/i> 45 2001, s. 325-344.<\/font><\/p>\n

Burns, Charles L.C. 1953. \u201eA Forgotten Psychiatrist- Baron Ernst von Feuchtersleben, M.D., 1833\u201c. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicine<\/a><\/i>. 18.\u00e1rg. 2. desember 1953, s. 190-194.<\/font><\/p>\n

Herv\u00e9, Hugues. 2004. \u201ePsychopathy Across the Ages. A History of the Hare Psychopath\u201c. The Psychopath: Theory, Research, and Practice<\/i>. Ritstj\u00f3rar Hugues Herv\u00e9 og John C. Yuille. Routledge, 2004, s. 31-55. A\u00f0gengileg til sko\u00f0unar<\/a> \u00e1 B\u00e6kur Google<\/i>.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u201eICD-10 Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0leg t\u00f6lfr\u00e6\u00f0iflokkun sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma og skyldra heilbrig\u00f0isvandam\u00e1l [svo]\u201c \u00e1 St\u00f6\u00f0lu\u00f0 k\u00f3\u00f0un \u00ed al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legum flokkunarkerfum Landl\u00e6knisemb\u00e6ttisins<\/a><\/i> (SKAFL).<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Millon, Theodore, Erik Simonsen og Morten Birket-Smith. 2002. \u201eHistorical Conceptions of Psychopathy in the United States and Europe\u201c. Psychopathy: antisocial, criminal and violent behavior<\/i>. Guilford Press 2002, s. 3-31. A\u00f0gengileg til sko\u00f0unar<\/a> \u00e1 B\u00e6kur Google<\/i>.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Sa\u00df, Henning\u00a0 og Alan R. Felthous. 2008. \u201eHistory and Conceptual Development of Psychopathic Disorders\u201c. International Handbook on Psychopathic Disorders and the Law<\/i>. Ritstj\u00f3rar Alan Felthous og Henning Sa\u00df. Wiley-Interscience 2008, s. 9-30. A\u00f0gengileg til sko\u00f0unar<\/a> \u00e1 B\u00e6kur Google<\/i>.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u201eThe Retelling of Personality Disorders\u201c. H\u00f6fundar og birtingart\u00edma er ekki geti\u00f0. Article Directories Korea<\/a><\/i><\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

31. des. 2011: \u00c9g hef ofi\u00f0 si\u00f0blinduf\u00e6rslurnar og \u00e6tti a\u00f0 vera \u00fe\u00e6gilegra a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a efni\u00f0 \u00e1 vef heldur en \u00ed \u00feessu bloggumhverfi. Sl\u00f3\u00f0in er: http:\/\/sidblinda.com \u00de\u00f3famj\u00fak r\u00e1nd\u00fdr sem l\u00e6\u00f0ast: Si\u00f0blinda VI hluti \u00a0 Skilgreiningar \u00e1 …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-328","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=328"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/328\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=328"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=328"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=328"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}