{"id":329,"date":"2011-03-17T12:39:30","date_gmt":"2011-03-17T12:39:30","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/harpa.blogg.is\/2011-03-17\/islenskun-psykopatiu-og-umraeda-um-sidblindu-a-islandi\/"},"modified":"2011-03-17T12:39:30","modified_gmt":"2011-03-17T12:39:30","slug":"islenskun-psykopatiu-og-umraeda-um-sidblindu-a-islandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2011\/03\/17\/islenskun-psykopatiu-og-umraeda-um-sidblindu-a-islandi\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cdslenskun psykopatiu og umr\u00e6\u00f0a um si\u00f0blindu \u00e1 \u00cdslandi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00de\u00f3famj\u00fak r\u00e1nd\u00fdr sem l\u00e6\u00f0ast: Si\u00f0blinda VI hluti<\/font><\/b>\u00a0
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Or\u00f0in, merking \u00feeirra og notkun<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\"MaxEins og kom fram \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ustu f\u00e6rslu, \u201eHugtaki\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda og \u00fer\u00f3un \u00feess<\/a>\u201c, m\u00e1 l\u00edklega rekja or\u00f0i\u00f0 psykopati<\/i> til austurr\u00edska l\u00e6knisins Ernst von Feuchtersleben, sem tala\u00f0i um Psychopathieen<\/i> sem sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma pers\u00f3nuleikans \u00ed b\u00f3k sinni um ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar, \u00fatgefinni 1845. En \u00fe\u00f3tt hann hafi fundi\u00f0 upp or\u00f0i\u00f0 var skilningur hans \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed talsvert annar en n\u00fa t\u00ed\u00f0kast. Psychopathy er samsett \u00far gr\u00edsku or\u00f0unum psyche<\/i> [\u03c8\u03c5\u03c7\u03ae] sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir s\u00e1l e\u00f0a l\u00edf og pathos<\/i> [\u03c0\u03ac\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2<\/font>] sem getur \u00fe\u00fdtt \u00e1str\u00ed\u00f0a, \u00fej\u00e1ning, tilfinning e\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1ttina.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g veit ekki hver elstu d\u00e6mi eru um notkun psykopati<\/i> \u00ed \u00edslenskum textum eru, reikna me\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feurfi a\u00f0 leita \u00ed g\u00f6mlum heilbrig\u00f0issk\u00fdrslum til a\u00f0 finna sl\u00edkt \u00fat. \u00cd grein Alfre\u00f0s G\u00edslasonar o.fl. \u201eLobotomia\u201c \u00ed L\u00e6knabla\u00f0inu<\/i> 1952 er psykopati einn \u00feeirra sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma sem \u00feessir l\u00e6knar beittu geiraskur\u00f0i vi\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 er elsta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um psykopati sem \u00e9g fann \u00ed L\u00e6knabla\u00f0inu<\/i>.<\/font><\/p>\n

Eldra d\u00e6mi um sj\u00fakd\u00f3mshugtaki\u00f0 psykopati finnst \u00fe\u00f3 og er \u00fea\u00f0 \u00edslenska\u00f0 sem s\u00e1lr\u00e6nt misr\u00e6mi.<\/i> \u00cd grein Matth\u00edasar J\u00f3nassonar, \u201eNokkur or\u00f0 um Barnaverndarf\u00e9lag Reykjav\u00edkur<\/a>\u201c \u00ed Menntam\u00e1lum <\/i>1949 (22. \u00e1rg. 3. tbl. 1.12. 1949), segir \u00e1 s. 151:\u00a0\u201e\u00de\u00e1 eru b\u00f6rn, sem \u00fej\u00e1st af s\u00e1lr\u00e6nu misr\u00e6mi (psykopati), sem dregur \u00far n\u00e1msgetu, \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 margir \u00fe\u00e6ttir greindarinnar s\u00e9u g\u00f3\u00f0ir og traustir.\u201c<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd \u00cd\u00f0or\u00f0as\u00f6fnum l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i og uppeldisfr\u00e6\u00f0i er si\u00f0blinda<\/i> talin sj\u00fakd\u00f3msheiti, samheiti er ge\u00f0villa<\/i> og hvort tveggja er \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ing \u00e1 psychopathy<\/i>. (Sj\u00e1 Or\u00f0abanka \u00cdslenskrar m\u00e1lst\u00f6\u00f0var<\/a>.<\/i>)\u00a0\u00cd \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/i>, \u00feri\u00f0ju \u00fatg\u00e1fu, Edda 2002, er si\u00f0blinda<\/i> kv\u00f3tu\u00f0 undir l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0i \/ l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i og sk\u00fdr\u00f0 ge\u00f0villa<\/i>, s\u00ed\u00f0an er si\u00f0blindur<\/i> sk\u00fdrt sem er haldinn ge\u00f0villu<\/i>.\u00a0\u00cd s\u00f6mu or\u00f0ab\u00f3k er ge\u00f0villa <\/i>kv\u00f3tu\u00f0 undir l\u00edf.\/l\u00e6kn. og sk\u00fdr\u00f0 \u00feannig: \u201ege\u00f0r\u00e6n truflun sem einkennist af \u00e1byrg\u00f0arleysi, \u00f3e\u00f0lilegum tilfinningatengslum og h\u00f6mluleysi, si\u00f0blinda.\u201c<\/font><\/p>\n

Elstu d\u00e6mi um ge\u00f0villu<\/i> eru skv. Ritm\u00e1lssafni Or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans<\/i><\/a>, \u00far Fur\u00f0ur s\u00e1larl\u00edfsins. S\u00e1larranns\u00f3knir og s\u00e1lv\u00edsindi n\u00fat\u00edmans<\/i> eftir Harald Schjelderup, sem Gylfi \u00c1smundsson og \u00de\u00f3r E. Jakobsson \u00fe\u00fdddu \u00far d\u00f6nsku og kom \u00fat 1963. \u00cd \u00feeirri b\u00f3k er einnig elsta d\u00e6mi um or\u00f0i\u00f0 ge\u00f0villusj\u00faklingur<\/i>. N\u00e6stelsta d\u00e6mi telur Ritm\u00e1lssafn OH \u00far b\u00f3k S\u00edmons J\u00f3h. \u00c1g\u00fastssonar, Um \u00e6ttlei\u00f0ingu<\/i>, \u00fatg. 1964, \u00fear sem stendur \u00e1 s. 94: \u201e … helzt eru l\u00edkindi til, a\u00f0 ge\u00f0villa s\u00e9 a\u00f0 nokkru \u00e6ttgeng\u201c og \u201eGe\u00f0villtir (psychopathiskir) menn og menn me\u00f0 \u00e1berandi andf\u00e9lagslegar hneig\u00f0ir.\u201c (s. 66).\u00a0 Svo v\u00edsar Ritm\u00e1lssafn OH \u00ed 4. bindi Alfr\u00e6\u00f0isafns AB (Almenna b\u00f3kaf\u00e9lagsins), sem er Mannshugurinn<\/i> eftir John Rowan Wilson, J\u00f3hann S. Hannesson \u00edslenska\u00f0i, kom \u00fat 1966. Ritm\u00e1lssafni\u00f0 tiltekur d\u00e6mi\u00f0 \u00feannig: \u201e…hinir svonefndu skapger\u00f0arkvillar, en algengust af \u00feeim er ge\u00f0villa.\u201c; \u201eGe\u00f0villtir menn s\u00fdnast greindir og eins og anna\u00f0 f\u00f3lk, en \u00fe\u00e1 vir\u00f0ist skorta dj\u00fapar og heitar tilfinningar …\u201c (b\u00e6\u00f0i d\u00e6min eru af s. 61).<\/font>
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Elstu d\u00e6mi um or\u00f0i\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda<\/i> og l\u00fdsingaror\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed tengdu, \u00ed Ritm\u00e1lssafni Or\u00f0ab\u00f3kar H\u00e1sk\u00f3lans<\/i><\/a>, v\u00edsa \u00ed klausurnar:<\/font><\/p>\n

\"McKenna\u201eKenn\u00edngu einsog \u00f6rlagatr\u00fanni, \u00fear sem einu helsta undirst\u00f6\u00f0uatri\u00f0i kristins d\u00f3ms, kennisetn\u00edngunni um fr\u00edvilja mannsins, er hafna\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00f6llu, fylgir s\u00e9rst\u00f6k si\u00f0blinda, sem er mj\u00f6g sterk \u00ed Brennunj\u00e1lss\u00f6gu, og l\u00fdsir s\u00e9r me\u00f0al annars \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 bestu mennirnir vinna \u00e6vinlega verstu verkin.\u201c \u201eEftirm\u00e1li vi\u00f0 Brennunj\u00e1lss\u00f6gu\u201c \u00e1rsett 1945. (Halld\u00f3r Kiljan Laxness s\u00e1 um \u00fatg\u00e1fu Helgafells \u00e1 Brennunj\u00e1lss\u00f6gu<\/i> 1945.) Ritm\u00e1lssafn OH tilgreinir d\u00e6mi\u00f0 \u00far b\u00f3k Halld\u00f3rs, Sj\u00e1lfsag\u00f0ir hlutir. Ritger\u00f0ir<\/i>, sem kom \u00fat 1946, s. 362. N\u00e6stelsta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um si\u00f0blindu er l\u00edka \u00far smi\u00f0ju Halld\u00f3rs:\u00a0 \u201eV\u00e9r h\u00f6fum lifa\u00f0 a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 sterk \u00f6fl, risin \u00far ge\u00f0bilun stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lamanna, og fullkomlega si\u00f0blind, heya \u00f6rv\u00e6nt\u00edngar\u00fer\u00fangna bar\u00e1ttu fyrir \u00fatr\u00fdm\u00edngu mannkynsins.\u201c (\u201eVandam\u00e1l sk\u00e1ldskapar \u00e1 vorum d\u00f6gum. Fyrirlestur \u00ed Norsk Studentersamfund \u00ed Osl\u00f3 8. ma\u00ed 1954.\u201c \u00ed Dagur \u00ed senn. R\u00e6\u00f0a og rit<\/i>., \u00fatg. 1955, s. 194.)<\/font><\/p>\n

Halld\u00f3r h\u00e9lt svo \u00e1fram a\u00f0 nota \u00feessi or\u00f0. \u00cd \u201eR\u00e6\u00f0u um Snorra<\/a>\u201c sem birtist \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu<\/i> sunnudaginn 1. j\u00fal\u00ed 1979, s. 33, sag\u00f0i hann: \u201eS\u00e9rst\u00f6k einkenni spek\u00ednga, sem mist hafa r\u00e9tttr\u00fana\u00f0 sinn, \u00fe\u00f3 \u00feeir reyni a\u00f0 framfylgja honum \u00ed or\u00f0i, og m\u00f3ralistar mundu nefna si\u00f0blinda menn, eru r\u00edk \u00ed \u00feessum b\u00f3kum [\u00d3lafs s\u00f6gu helga<\/i> eftir Snorra Sturluson og Nj\u00e1lss\u00f6gu<\/i>]; en h\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 flokkun \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 veru sk\u00fdri ekki m\u00e1lin n\u00fana.\u201c<\/font><\/p>\n

N\u00e6sta lj\u00f3st er a\u00f0 Halld\u00f3r Laxness notar or\u00f0in si\u00f0blinda<\/i>\/si\u00f0blind<\/i> \u00ed merkingunni si\u00f0leysi<\/i>\/si\u00f0laus<\/i>. Hugsanlega er hann h\u00f6fundur or\u00f0sins si\u00f0blinda og afleiddra or\u00f0a en \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki fyrr en n\u00fdveri\u00f0, l\u00edklega innan vi\u00f0 \u00e1ratugur s\u00ed\u00f0an, a\u00f0 fari\u00f0 var a\u00f0 nota \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed merkingunni psykopati. \u00cd leit \u00e1 T\u00edmarit.is<\/a><\/i> koma t.d. a\u00f0allega upp blammeringar \u00e1 stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lamenn sem sag\u00f0ir eru si\u00f0blindir, stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lastefnur, einstaklinga og yfirleitt flest \u00fea\u00f0 sem ritendum er \u00ed n\u00f6p vi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fea\u00f0 og \u00fea\u00f0 skipti\u00f0 (meira a\u00f0 segja var \u00ed ritd\u00f3mi hn\u00fdtt \u00ed \u00f3\u00fearflega margar prentvillur \u00ed barnab\u00f3k og spurt hvort \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri vegna lesblindu e\u00f0a si\u00f0blindu). \u00deessi merking or\u00f0sins hefur haldist; \u00dea\u00f0 \u00fearf ekki anna\u00f0 en fylgjast me\u00f0 bloggskrifum n\u00fat\u00edmans til a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 a\u00f0 einna vins\u00e6last einmitt n\u00fana er a\u00f0 brigsla p\u00f3lit\u00edskum andst\u00e6\u00f0ingum e\u00f0a \u00feeim sem ekki eru s\u00f6mu sko\u00f0unar um a\u00f0 si\u00f0blindu. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda <\/i>og si\u00f0blindur<\/i> vir\u00f0ast \u00ed augnablikinu hafa leyst af brigsl um ge\u00f0veiki<\/i> (sem annars n\u00fdtur nokku\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0ugra vins\u00e6lda sem l\u00edtill\u00e6kkandi og ni\u00f0url\u00e6gjandi or\u00f0 um andst\u00e6\u00f0inga).<\/font><\/p>\n

Sama m\u00e1li gegnir reyndar um or\u00f0i\u00f0 ge\u00f0villu<\/i>. \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edka oft nota\u00f0 til a\u00f0 brennimerkja andst\u00e6\u00f0inga, \u00ed merkingunni si\u00f0leysi e\u00f0a spilling. Loks hafa menn\u00a0spyrt \u00feessi tv\u00f6 or\u00f0, si\u00f0blindu<\/i> og ge\u00f0villu<\/i>, saman \u00ed eitt, si\u00f0villa<\/i>. \u00dea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0 svipa\u00f0 og si\u00f0leysi og er l\u00edklega nota\u00f0 sem samheiti si\u00f0blindu og ge\u00f0villu \u00ed merkingunni si\u00f0leysi. (\u00c9g finn si\u00f0villu hvergi \u00ed or\u00f0ab\u00f3k en ef \u00e9g man r\u00e9tt var \u00feetta or\u00f0 br\u00faka\u00f0 um ka\u00fe\u00f3lsku eftir a\u00f0 l\u00fatersk tr\u00fa komst \u00e1 h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, l\u00edklega hugsa\u00f0 sem andheiti vi\u00f0 si\u00f0b\u00f3t.) Elsta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 er fr\u00e1 1967 \u00fear sem Sigur\u00f0ur Magn\u00fasson fjallar um l\u00f3\u00f0a\u00fathlutanir vi\u00f0 \u00deingvallavatn og segir: \u201e… <\/font>\u00fear sem segja m\u00e1, a\u00f0 h\u00e9r hafi upphaflega miklu fremur veri\u00f0 um a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a slysni en afbrot, si\u00f0villu en si\u00f0blindu.\u201c (\u201e\u00deingvallahneyksli\u00f0<\/a>\u201c. Samvinnan<\/em> 61. \u00e1rg. 8. tbl. 1967, s. 18.) \u00deessi samsetning, si\u00f0villa, vir\u00f0ist hafa noti\u00f0 mikilla vins\u00e6lda upp \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0kasti\u00f0.<\/font><\/p>\n

N\u00fat\u00edmad\u00e6mi um hvernig si\u00f0blindu<\/i>, ge\u00f0villu<\/i> og samsl\u00e6ttinum si\u00f0villu<\/i> er slengt saman \u00e1 \u00fdmsan h\u00e1tt eru:<\/font><\/p>\n

\u201eVilhj\u00e1lmur Bjarnason forma\u00f0ur f\u00e9lags fj\u00e1rfesta sag\u00f0i til a\u00f0 mynda: \u201e\u00cdslenskt fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lakerfi var f\u00f3rnarlamb si\u00f0blindu, si\u00f0villu og ge\u00f0villu.\u201c Vilhj\u00e1lmur \u00e1tti \u00fe\u00f3 hlutaf\u00e9 \u00ed b\u00f6nkunum og er \u00fea\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 s\u00e9rstakt a\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur festi f\u00e9 \u00ed si\u00f0villu og ge\u00f0villu.\u201c Vef\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0viljinn<\/i>, laugardaginn 29. n\u00f3vember 2008<\/a>, (h\u00f6fundarlaus og titilslaus pistill).<\/font><\/p>\n

\u201eAthyglisvert hva\u00f0 si\u00f0villingarnir eru sn\u00f6ggir a\u00f0 skj\u00f3tast \u00fat \u00far fylksnum s\u00ednum \u00feegar bent er \u00e1 FLokkinn. Si\u00f0blinda og si\u00f0villa eru alvarlegt m\u00e1l sem vert er a\u00f0 hafa \u00e1hyggjur af.\u201c (Athugasemd vi\u00f0 f\u00e6rsluna\u00a0 \u201eNafnlausi flokkurinn l\u00e6\u00f0ist me\u00f0 veggjum<\/a>\u201c \u00e1 Dav\u00ed\u00f0 Stef\u00e1nsson. Svol\u00edti\u00f0 fr\u00e1 vinstrinu<\/i>, 3. 5. 2010<\/font>
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Einnig m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 d\u00e6mi um a\u00f0 si\u00f0villa<\/i> s\u00e9 l\u00edklega notu\u00f0 \u00ed l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegu merkingunni si\u00f0blinda<\/i> e\u00f0a ge\u00f0villa<\/i>: “Gr\u00e6\u00f0gi, hroki, si\u00f0villa og spilling. Saga Enrons fj\u00e1rm\u00e1lahneykslisins var rakin \u00ed \u00e1g\u00e6tri heimildarmynd sem s\u00fdnd var sj\u00f3nvarpinu \u00ed g\u00e6rkv\u00f6ld. \u00deetta er hin klass\u00edska d\u00e6misaga um gr\u00e6\u00f0gina, hvernig h\u00fan heltekur manninn og lei\u00f0ir a\u00f0 lokum til hruns. En hva\u00f0 er l\u00edkt me\u00f0 \u00edslenska bankahruninu og s\u00f6gu Enron?\u201c \u201eEnron=\u00cdsland?<\/a>\u201cS\u00ed\u00f0degis\u00fatvarpi\u00f0 r\u00e1s 2<\/a><\/i> (kynning) m\u00e1nudaginn 1. mars 2009.<\/font>
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Samsl\u00e1tturinn si\u00f0villa<\/i>, fyrir si\u00f0blindu<\/i> og ge\u00f0villu<\/i>, v\u00edsar a.m.k. \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0asta d\u00e6minu til umr\u00e6\u00f0u sem var\u00f0 eftir a\u00f0 b\u00f3k Babiak og Hare, Snakes in Suit. When Psychopaths Go to Work<\/i>, kom \u00fat 2006.<\/font>
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Umr\u00e6\u00f0a um ge\u00f0villu e\u00f0a si\u00f0blindu \u00e1 \u00cdslandi<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

Eins og nefnt hefur veri\u00f0 \u00e1\u00f0ur er umr\u00e6\u00f0a um si\u00f0blindu \u00e1 \u00cdslandi afskaplega af skornum skammti. H\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir ver\u00f0ur reynt a\u00f0 rekja helstu d\u00e6mi um sl\u00edka umfj\u00f6llun en l\u00edklega vantar eitthva\u00f0 h\u00e9r inn \u00ed af \u00fev\u00ed \u00e9g hef takmarka\u00f0an a\u00f0gang a\u00f0 prentu\u00f0um g\u00f6gnum.<\/font><\/p>\n

\"JimH\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan var vitna\u00f0 \u00ed or\u00f0 dr. Matth\u00edasar J\u00f3nassonar, \u00ed tilefni af stofnun Barnaverndarf\u00e9lags Reykjav\u00edkur 1949, \u00fear sem hann nefnir a\u00f0 til s\u00e9u si\u00f0blind b\u00f6rn og\u00a0kallar r\u00f6skunina s\u00e1lr\u00e6nt misr\u00e6mi <\/i>(Menntam\u00e1l<\/i> 1949, 22. \u00e1rg. 3. tbl. s. 151). T\u00edu \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar kom \u00fat b\u00f3kin Erfi\u00f0 b\u00f6rn. S\u00e1larl\u00edf \u00feeirra og uppeldi<\/i> sem Matth\u00edas ritst\u00fdr\u00f0i og Barnaverndarf\u00e9lag Reykjav\u00edkur gaf \u00fat (Hla\u00f0b\u00fa\u00f0, Reykjav\u00edk 1959). \u00deetta er \u00e1kaflega merkileg b\u00f3k a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati og satt best a\u00f0 segja finnst m\u00e9r h\u00fan bera af n\u00fat\u00edma umfj\u00f6llun um sama efni. \u00cd b\u00f3kinni er kafli eftir Benedikt T\u00f3masson, ge\u00f0l\u00e6kni og sk\u00f3lastj\u00f3ra Flensborgarsk\u00f3la \u00ed Hafnarfir\u00f0i. \u00deetta er V. kafli sem heitir \u201eGe\u00f0villuskapger\u00f0\u201c (s. 87-105) og er me\u00f0 bestu umfj\u00f6llun um si\u00f0blindu<\/b> sem \u00e9g hef s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00edslensku, \u00fe\u00f3tt h\u00fan s\u00e9 meir en h\u00e1lfrar aldar g\u00f6mul. Vel a\u00f0 merkja fjallar st\u00f3r hluti kaflans um ge\u00f0villu fullor\u00f0inna. \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur ekki hj\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed komist a\u00f0 vitna nokku\u00f0 \u00edtarlega \u00ed or\u00f0 Benedikts T\u00f3massonar \u00fev\u00ed umfj\u00f6llun hans er \u00fea\u00f0 r\u00e6kileg, langt \u00e1 undan sinni samt\u00ed\u00f0 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 r\u00edkjandi umr\u00e6\u00f0u n\u00e6stu \u00e1ratugina og sett fram af skynsamlegu viti. Auk \u00feess liggur \u00feessi gamla b\u00f3k ekki mj\u00f6g \u00e1 lausu.<\/font><\/p>\n

Benedikt segir \u00ed upphafi kaflans: \u201eH\u00e9r ver\u00f0ur greint l\u00edtils h\u00e1ttar fr\u00e1 fyrirb\u00e6ri, sem nefnist psychopathia \u00e1 erlendu m\u00e1li, en \u00e9g kalla ge\u00f0villu \u00e1 \u00edslenzku. Samkv\u00e6mt hef\u00f0bundinni sk\u00fdrgreiningu er ge\u00f0villa eins konar b\u00e6klun e\u00f0a afbrig\u00f0i \u00e1 skapger\u00f0, sem einkennir einstaklinginn alla \u00e6vi e\u00f0a a.m.k. fr\u00e1 kyn\u00feroskaskei\u00f0i og er raunverulega \u00f3h\u00e1\u00f0 greind. Hugtaki\u00f0 er \u00fe\u00f3 mj\u00f6g illa afmarka\u00f0 og \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 m\u00f6rkum \u00feess a\u00f0 vera noth\u00e6ft, enda nota margir n\u00fat\u00edma-ge\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ingar \u00fea\u00f0 ekki, en flokka fyrirb\u00e6rin fr\u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0i. … \u00dea\u00f0 sem m\u00e1li skiptir er, a\u00f0 til er h\u00f3pur manna, sem eru ekki ge\u00f0veikir, en eru alla \u00e6vi afbrig\u00f0ilegir a\u00f0 skapger\u00f0 og lunderni, \u00fej\u00e1st \u00fdmist sj\u00e1lfir vegna afbrig\u00f0a sinna e\u00f0a baka \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fej\u00e1ningar, nema hvorttveggja s\u00e9. L\u00edklegast \u00feykir, a\u00f0 ekki s\u00e9 neinn e\u00f0lismunur \u00e1 ge\u00f0villtum m\u00f6nnum og m\u00f6nnum, sem teljast hafa heilbrig\u00f0a skapger\u00f0, heldur mismikill stigmunur, en a\u00f0 v\u00edsu getur hann stundum veri\u00f0 \u00e6rinn. … Teki\u00f0 skal sk\u00fdrt fram til \u00feess a\u00f0 gir\u00f0a fyrir misskilning, a\u00f0 afbrot e\u00f0a \u00f3s\u00e6milegt ath\u00e6fi a\u00f0 almannad\u00f3mi – og hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0l\u00f6gunarvandkv\u00e6\u00f0i barna- \u00e1 ekki n\u00e6rri alltaf og ef til vill sjaldnast r\u00e6tur a\u00f0 rekja til ge\u00f0villu. \u00dear kemur margt til, svo sem f\u00e9lagslegar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur og si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegt andr\u00famsloft \u00ed uppvexti, stundara\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur og atvik, greindarskortur, taugaveiklun og ge\u00f0veiki. Hins vegar eru ge\u00f0villtir afbrotamenn allra afbrotamanna erfi\u00f0astir vi\u00f0ureignar, af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 afbrotin eru sprottin af andlegri ger\u00f0 \u00feeirra, en henni er ekki au\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 breyta me\u00f0 neinum kunnum r\u00e1\u00f0um.\u201c (s. 87-88)<\/font><\/p>\n

S\u00ed\u00f0ar l\u00fdsir Benedikt pers\u00f3nueinkennum ge\u00f0villtra: \u201eH\u00f6fu\u00f0einkenni sl\u00edkra manna [ge\u00f0villtra sem eru \u00ed opinsk\u00e1rri andst\u00f6\u00f0u vi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi\u00f0] eru takamarkalaus eigingirni, h\u00f6mluleysi og tilfinningaslj\u00f3leiki e\u00f0a tilfinningakuldi. Eigingjarnir og tilfinningaslj\u00f3ir eru \u00feeir allir, en a\u00f0 \u00f6\u00f0ru leyti m\u00e1 \u00ed a\u00f0alatri\u00f0um greina \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed tv\u00e6r mannger\u00f0ir, h\u00f6mlulausa menn annars vegar og tilfinningakalda hins vegar. … Yfirleitt skortir tilfinningar ge\u00f0villtra manna \u00ed gar\u00f0 annarra alla d\u00fdpt og sta\u00f0festu. Sam\u00fa\u00f0 \u00feeirra ristir grunnt, og raunverulega \u00e1st e\u00f0a vin\u00e1ttu geta \u00feeir ekki l\u00e1ti\u00f0 \u00ed t\u00e9, enda eru \u00feeir \u00f3tryggir f\u00e9lagar og flj\u00f3tir a\u00f0 skipta um f\u00e9lagsskap. \u00deeir setja sig ekki \u00ed spor manna, sem \u00feeir hafa gert til miska, eru blindir \u00e1 tilfinningar \u00feeirra, r\u00e9tturinn er einhli\u00f0a \u00feeirra megin, og \u00feeir hafa \u00e1 rei\u00f0um h\u00f6ndum afsakanir fyrir breytni sinni. Ekki \u00e6tlast \u00feeir heldur til raunverulegrar \u00e1star e\u00f0a vin\u00e1ttu, \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 \u00feeim finnist \u00f6\u00f0rum m\u00f6nnum skylt a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta a\u00f0 \u00f3skum s\u00ednum og hafi \u00f3sjaldan n\u00e6rri barnalega tr\u00fa \u00e1, a\u00f0 \u00feeim hlj\u00f3ti a\u00f0 vera \u00fea\u00f0 lj\u00faft. \u00deeir eru engum h\u00e1\u00f0ir \u00ed tilfinningum.\u201c(s. 90)<\/font><\/p>\n

\u201eH\u00f6mlulausir menn eru rek\u00f6ld, sem festa sig aldrei vi\u00f0 n\u00fdtilegt verk til lengdar, ver\u00f0ur ekkert \u00far h\u00e6fileikum s\u00ednum, en eru byr\u00f0i \u00e1 vandam\u00f6nnum og samf\u00e9lagi, auk \u00feess sem \u00feeir vinna meira e\u00f0a minna beint tj\u00f3n. \u00deeir spana alla upp \u00e1 m\u00f3ti s\u00e9r, oft og einatt fremur vegna \u00f3hemjuskapar og barnalegra tiltekta en vegna afbrota, sem ekki eru alltaf st\u00f3rv\u00e6gileg.<\/font><\/p>\n

S\u00fa mannger\u00f0, sem tilfinningakuldi einkennir a\u00f0allega, getur veri\u00f0 miklu fl\u00f3knari, torr\u00e1\u00f0nari og h\u00e6ttulegri en hinir h\u00f6mlulausu. … Langh\u00e6ttulegastir samf\u00e9laginu eru g\u00e1fa\u00f0ir, kaldrifja\u00f0ir mannhatarar, sem hafa gott vald \u00e1 s\u00e9r og geta duli\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0, sem \u00feeim b\u00fdr \u00ed skapi, unz \u00feeir hremma br\u00e1\u00f0 s\u00edna. \u00deeir geta frami\u00f0 \u00feaulhugsa\u00f0a gl\u00e6pi, s\u00f6lsa\u00f0 undir sig au\u00f0\u00e6fi og v\u00f6ld e\u00f0a afla\u00f0 s\u00e9r fr\u00e6g\u00f0ar \u00e1 v\u00edsindalegum falskenningum. Oft tekst \u00feeim \u00f3tr\u00falega vel a\u00f0 smj\u00faga net r\u00e9ttv\u00edsinnar, og sumir sj\u00e1 s\u00e9r raunar hag \u00ed a\u00f0 fara ekki \u00f6llu lengra en l\u00f6g leyfa framast. … \u00c1 hinn b\u00f3ginn eru allir samm\u00e1la um, a\u00f0 \u00feeir s\u00e9u ekki ge\u00f0veikir. (\u00deeir geta or\u00f0i\u00f0 ge\u00f0veikir r\u00e9tt eins og a\u00f0rir menn). \u00deeir eru \u00fev\u00ed taldir \u00e1byrgir ger\u00f0a sinna og d\u00e6mdir samkv\u00e6mt \u00fev\u00ed …\u201c (s. 91-93)<\/font><\/p>\n

Benedikt rekur vitaskuld einkenni ge\u00f0villu \u00ed b\u00f6rnum og leggur r\u00edka \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 greina hana \u00feurfi a\u00f0 l\u00edta \u00e1 heildarmynd og sty\u00f0jast vi\u00f0 m\u00f6rg d\u00e6mi og atvik \u00fev\u00ed einst\u00f6k upp\u00e1t\u00e6ki og sl\u00e6m heg\u00f0un barna s\u00e9u sjaldnast ge\u00f0villu um a\u00f0 kenna. Hann bendir einnig \u00e1 \u00fdmsar brotalamir \u00ed uppvexti og um\u00f6nnun sem geti \u00fdtt undir andf\u00e9lagslega heg\u00f0un barna en endar \u00e1 taka \u00feetta fram: \u201e\u00dev\u00ed fer fjarri a\u00f0 enn hafi tekizt a\u00f0 rekja sundur \u00fe\u00e6tti \u00feeirrar fl\u00f3knu orsakake\u00f0ju, sem veldur ge\u00f0villu, meta til d\u00e6mis gagnkv\u00e6m \u00e1hrif erf\u00f0a og umhverfis.\u201c (s. 101) A\u00f0 mati Benedikts er eina m\u00f6gulega l\u00e6kningin a\u00f0 hefja me\u00f0fer\u00f0 ge\u00f0villtra barna sem fyrst, a\u00f0 h\u00fan s\u00e9 undir stj\u00f3rn fagmanna og a\u00f0 \u201esjaldnast er um anna\u00f0 a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a en taka \u00feau af heimilum, sem fremi a\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 eigi a\u00f0 vera meira en k\u00e1k.\u201c(s. 103)<\/font><\/p>\n

M\u00e9r finnst umfj\u00f6llun Benediks T\u00f3massonar vera s\u00e9rstaklega sk\u00fdr og skilmerkileg og a\u00f0 m\u00f6rgu leyti \u00ed takt vi\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00edmakenningar, t.d. kenningar Roberts D. Hare. (Mig grunar a\u00f0 Benedikt hafi lesi\u00f0 Mask of Sanity<\/i> eftir Cleckley, auk \u00feess a\u00f0 fylgjast vel me\u00f0 \u00ed evr\u00f3pskri umfj\u00f6llun um ge\u00f0villu.) Textinn er l\u00edka \u00e1 \u00f3venju g\u00f3\u00f0ri \u00edslensku.<\/font><\/p>\n

Bera m\u00e1 umfj\u00f6llun hans saman vi\u00f0 vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 Karl Strand \u00e1ri\u00f0 1964. Karl var \u00fe\u00e1 starfandi ge\u00f0l\u00e6knir \u00ed n\u00e1grenni Lund\u00fana. Hann skilgreinir hva\u00f0a or\u00f0 hann vill nota yfir mismunandi ge\u00f0raskanir, t.d.\u00a0 \u201e… sturlanir – \u00feetta er gamalt \u00edslenzkt or\u00f0, nota\u00f0 yfir ge\u00f0veiki … Hugs\u00fdki nota \u00e9g um taugaveiklun; \u00fea\u00f0 er dregi\u00f0 af gamla or\u00f0inu hugsj\u00fakur … Sefas\u00fdki er hysteria, sem er ein tegund hugs\u00fdki.\u201c\u00a0 S\u00ed\u00f0an spyr bla\u00f0ama\u00f0ur um ge\u00f0villu: \u201eEn hva\u00f0 segi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e9r um ge\u00f0villu (psychopathic state) – er h\u00fan ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur e\u00f0a hugs\u00fdki?\u201c \u201eGe\u00f0villa telst hvorki sturlun e\u00f0a hugs\u00fdki, heldur er h\u00fan s\u00e1lr\u00e6nt fyrirb\u00e6ri, sem er eins konar hugl\u00e6g b\u00e6klun, \u00fear sem \u00e1byrg\u00f0arleysi, takm\u00f6rku\u00f0 skapstj\u00f3rn og vanh\u00e6fni til a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra af reynslu eru megineinkenni. Af \u00feessum ge\u00f0r\u00e6nu s\u00f6kum skapast v\u00ed\u00f0t\u00e6k f\u00e9lagsleg vandam\u00e1l.\u201c (<\/font>\u201eSturlanir \u00e6ttu ekki a\u00f0 vera feimnism\u00e1l. Spjall vi\u00f0 Karl Strand ge\u00f0l\u00e6kni<\/a>.\u201c V\u00edsir<\/i> 3. j\u00fal\u00ed 1964, s. 7)<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00c1ri s\u00ed\u00f0ar segir T\u00f3mas Helgason pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed vi\u00f0tali: \u201e- \u00dea\u00f0 sem ge\u00f0l\u00e6knir \u00e1 fyrst og fremst vi\u00f0 me\u00f0 ge\u00f0veilu – sem \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari \u00e1rum hefur veri\u00f0 k\u00f6llu\u00f0 ge\u00f0villa- eru meiri h\u00e1ttar og varandi skapger\u00f0argallar, sem eru svo miklir, a\u00f0 einstaklingurinn e\u00f0a \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi\u00f0 \u00fej\u00e1ist vegna \u00feeirra, segir pr\u00f3f. T\u00f3mas. – En \u00feegar tala \u00e1 um ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma \u00ed heild, getum vi\u00f0 sagt a\u00f0 \u00feeir skiptist \u00ed meiri h\u00e1ttar sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma, \u00fe.e. ge\u00f0veiki e\u00f0a psykosis og hins vegar minni h\u00e1ttar, \u00fe.e. nevrosis, \u00fea\u00f0 sama og f\u00f3lk kallar taugaveiglun [svo], en hefur veri\u00f0 \u00edslenzka\u00f0 betur me\u00f0 or\u00f0inu hugs\u00fdki.\u201c (\u201eVi\u00f0horf til ge\u00f0sj\u00faklinga hefur breytzt mj\u00f6g til batna\u00f0ar<\/a>\u201c.<\/font>
\nT\u00edminn<\/i> 5. ma\u00ed 1965 s. 13 \u00ed II.)<\/font><\/p>\n

Eitthva\u00f0 er hugtakanotkun \u00feessara tveggja ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna \u00e1 reiki, annar telur ge\u00f0villu \u201eeins konar hugl\u00e6ga b\u00e6klun\u201c, hinn setur samasem-merki milli ge\u00f0veilu og ge\u00f0villu, sem ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 teljast undarlegt \u00fev\u00ed ge\u00f0veila er tilt\u00f6lulega saklaust or\u00f0, jafnvel nota\u00f0 um minni h\u00e1ttar skapger\u00f0arbresti.<\/font><\/p>\n

Sami \u00f3n\u00e1kv\u00e6mni skilningur \u00e1 ge\u00f0villu e\u00f0a si\u00f0blindu er \u00e1fram \u00e1 fer\u00f0inni hj\u00e1 \u00feeim sem \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 \u00feekkja eitthva\u00f0 til: \u201eVi\u00f0 viljum minna \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00ed langf\u00e6stum tilfellum eru ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar undirr\u00f3t einhvers vo\u00f0averks. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur l\u00edka s\u00fdnt sig a\u00f0 \u00ed flestum tilfellum eru a\u00f0rir \u00fe\u00e6ttir sem liggja a\u00f0 baki sl\u00edkum verkum, t.d. si\u00f0blinda e\u00f0a eitthva\u00f0 allt anna\u00f0 sem hefur ekkert me\u00f0 ge\u00f0veiki a\u00f0 gera.\u201c (\u201eStj\u00f3rn Ge\u00f0hj\u00e1lpar bi\u00f0ur f\u00f3lk um a\u00f0 nota ekki hugtaki\u00f0 ge\u00f0veikur \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 sj\u00fakd\u00f3msgreining liggi fyrir: F\u00e6stir gl\u00e6pamenn eru ge\u00f0veikir<\/a>\u201c. T\u00edminn<\/i> 22. mars 1966, s. 8.) Hi\u00f0 r\u00e9tta er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 a\u00f0 f\u00e6stir gl\u00e6pamenn eru si\u00f0blindir og si\u00f0blinda liggur ekki \u00ed flestum tilvikum a\u00f0 baki vo\u00f0averkum. Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti er r\u00e9tt hj\u00e1 Ge\u00f0hj\u00e1lp<\/i> a\u00f0 skilja milli ge\u00f0veiki og si\u00f0blindu.<\/font><\/p>\n

\"AlexJakob J\u00f3nasson ge\u00f0l\u00e6knir reynir einnig a\u00f0 skilja milli \u00feessara hugtaka \u00ed vi\u00f0tali 1981, \u00feegar hann er spur\u00f0ur um muninn \u00e1 \u201ehreinni ge\u00f0veiki og psykopatiskum pers\u00f3nueinkennum\u201c: \u201e\u00dea\u00f0 m\u00e1 segja, a\u00f0 meirihluti ge\u00f0sj\u00faklinga f\u00e1i l\u00e6kningu, en me\u00f0an sj\u00fakd\u00f3murinn varir er hann h\u00e6ttulegur sj\u00faklingnum. \u00de\u00e1 sem haldnir eru varanlegum skapger\u00f0argalla, psykopatiskum einkennum, er hinsvegar ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 l\u00e6kna. Sl\u00edkt \u00e1stand varir alla \u00e6vi, \u00fe\u00f3tt sl\u00edkir menn spekist a\u00f0 v\u00edsu me\u00f0 aldrinum. \u00deeir eru hinsvegar h\u00e6ttulegri \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9laginu en ge\u00f0veikir …\u201c Jakob telur a\u00f0 ge\u00f0veikir h\u00e6ttulegir gl\u00e6pamenn s\u00e9u f\u00e1ir \u00e1 \u00cdslandi (hugsanlega er hann einungis me\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda gl\u00e6pamenn \u00ed huga) og segir: \u201e\u00c1 \u00fea\u00f0 hefur hinsvegar veri\u00f0 bent, a\u00f0 ge\u00f0deild vi\u00f0 fangelsi \u00feurfi ekki a\u00f0 vera st\u00e6rri en a\u00f0 \u00fear komist fyrir sex r\u00fam. \u00dea\u00f0 mundi fulln\u00e6gja \u00fe\u00f6rfinni h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, og miki\u00f0 mundi sparast vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 hafa rekstur slikrar deildar og fangelsis a\u00f0 nokkru leyti sameiginlegan.\u201c (\u201eH\u00e6ttulegir ge\u00f0sj\u00faklingar heyra til undantekninga<\/a>\u201c. Helgarp\u00f3sturinn<\/i> 18. desember 1981, s. 3.)<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00c1fram er \u00fe\u00f3 viss ruglingur \u00ed umfj\u00f6llun ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna um si\u00f0blindu\/ge\u00f0villu, sem t.d. s\u00e9st \u00ed or\u00f0um Magn\u00fasar Sk\u00falasonar ge\u00f0l\u00e6knis: \u201e\u00de\u00f3tt allir hugsandi menn, og undirrita\u00f0ur telur sig au\u00f0vita\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeirra h\u00f3pi (!), hafi i\u00f0ulega hinar \u00feyngstu \u00e1hyggjur af veikindum hinna sj\u00faku og a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um \u00feeirra, \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0 \u00e9g samt a\u00f0 gera \u00fe\u00e1 j\u00e1tningu, a\u00f0 enn meiri kv\u00ed\u00f0boga veldur m\u00e9r stundum brenglun og si\u00f0blinda hinna \u201eheilbrig\u00f0u\u201c, sem er \u00ed raun hinn mesti \u00fej\u00e1ningavaldur sj\u00fakra og margfalt h\u00e1skalegri l\u00edfinu \u00f6llu (kannski a\u00f0 lyfjaframlei\u00f0endur eigi eftir a\u00f0 finna me\u00f0al vi\u00f0 \u00feessu?).\u201c (\u201eGe\u00f0heilsa og menning<\/a>\u201c. Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0<\/i> 21. okt\u00f3ber 1995, s. 25.) H\u00e9r vir\u00f0ist Magn\u00fas nota or\u00f0i\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda<\/i> \u00ed merkingunni si\u00f0leysi og e.t.v. hefur si\u00f0blinda ekki hloti\u00f0 sess sem l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt hugtak \u00e1ri\u00f0 1995 sem g\u00e6ti sk\u00fdrt or\u00f0alagi\u00f0.<\/font><\/p>\n

Hugmyndir Esra P\u00e9turssonar um si\u00f0blindu eru nokku\u00f0 fyndnar, a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati. Hann telur ge\u00f0villu s\u00e1rasjaldg\u00e6fa \u00e1 \u00cdslandi vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00fan, eins og gl\u00e6pahneig\u00f0 almennt, hafi r\u00e6ktast \u00far \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0inni \u00ed mannv\u00edgum Sturlungaaldar! \u00dear af lei\u00f0andi s\u00e9u \u00cdslendingar einkar l\u00f6ghl\u00fd\u00f0nir. Sj\u00e1: \u201eGe\u00f0veiklun og ge\u00f0veiki eru s\u00edzt algengari en annars sta\u00f0ar og ge\u00f0villa mun minni. Ge\u00f0villa hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 vera v\u00e6gari h\u00e9r en annars sta\u00f0ar. S\u00e9st \u00fea\u00f0 bezt \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 alvarleg afbrot eru langtum f\u00e6rri, \u00e1fengisdrykkja og \u00f6nnur \u00e1vanaefnanotkun er miklu minni en \u00ed flestum \u00f6\u00f0rum vestr\u00e6num l\u00f6ndum. \u00cdsraelsb\u00faar standa n\u00e6stir \u00cdslendingum \u00ed \u00feessum menningarefnum. Ge\u00f0villa er a\u00f0 v\u00edsu ekki miklu f\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ari h\u00e9r en annars sta\u00f0ar samkv\u00e6mt ranns\u00f3knum pr\u00f3fessors T\u00f3masar Helgasonar [Esra v\u00edsar h\u00e9r \u00ed T\u00f3mas Helgason: Epidemiology of Mental Disorders in Iceland<\/i>. 1964. Munksgaard. K\u00f8benhavn, bls. 151.] H\u00fan hl\u00fdtur \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 vera til st\u00f3rra muna v\u00e6gari. N\u00fdveri\u00f0 hafa birzt greinar og veri\u00f0 fluttar fr\u00e9ttir \u00ed \u00fatvarpi vestra \u00fear sem s\u00fdnt er svart \u00e1 hv\u00edtu a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar fremja f\u00e6st alvarleg afbrot allra \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a. M\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feessu leyti segja, a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar s\u00e9u l\u00f6ghl\u00fd\u00f0nastir allra. … Vafalaust m\u00e1 rekja uppsprettu l\u00f6ghl\u00fd\u00f0ninnar til tr\u00faar \u00e1 hi\u00f0 fornkve\u00f0na, \u00far n\u00edtugasta kafla Nj\u00e1lu: \u201eMe\u00f0 l\u00f6gum skal land byggja en \u00f3l\u00f6gum ey\u00f0a.\u201c Ekki er \u00f3sennilegt a\u00f0 l\u00f6ghl\u00fd\u00f0nin n\u00e6rist af \u00e1g\u00e6ti l\u00f6ggjafarinnar og standi l\u00edka \u00ed sambandi vi\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0a me\u00f0fer\u00f0 l\u00f6ggjafarvaldsins og l\u00f6gg\u00e6zlunnar. F\u00f3lksf\u00e6\u00f0in mun einhverju valda og m\u00e1 vera a\u00f0 \u00edslenzki stofninn eigi sm\u00e1vegis \u00fe\u00e1tt \u00ed \u00feessu. Tali\u00f0 er meira um vert a\u00f0 Sturlunga\u00f6ldin hafi hreinsa\u00f0 hann af m\u00f6nnum me\u00f0 verstu gl\u00e6pahneig\u00f0ina. Hafi \u00feeir \u00fe\u00e1 gengi\u00f0 r\u00f6sklega a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fatr\u00fdma hver \u00f6\u00f0rum. Loks mun l\u00edtil mengun, jafnt innri sem ytri, stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 betra jafnv\u00e6gi \u00ed \u00feessum efnum.\u201c<\/font><\/p>\n

Hugtakanotkun Esra er \u00feessi: \u201eTaka vil \u00e9g \u00fea\u00f0 fram h\u00e9r, sem sm\u00e1 \u00fat\u00fard\u00far, a\u00f0 taugaveiklun vir\u00f0ist m\u00e9r vera l\u00e9legt og villandi rangnefni. Ge\u00f0veiklun er yfirgripsmeira og raunh\u00e6fara or\u00f0, sem sk\u00fdrir fyrirbrig\u00f0i\u00f0 mun betur. Vitanlega er ge\u00f0veiklun ekki sama og ge\u00f0veiki, heldur miklu v\u00e6gara \u00e1stand, v\u00e6gara einnig en ge\u00f0villa.\u201c Og einkenni nokkurra ge\u00f0r\u00e6nna kvilla eru: \u201eSamfara ge\u00f0veiklun \u00ed m\u00f6nnum er einnig aukin v\u00f6\u00f0va- og taugaspenna [h\u00e9r v\u00edsar Esra \u00ed eigin grein fr\u00e1 1962] og h\u00f6fum vi\u00f0 \u00fdmsir s\u00fdnt fram \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 me\u00f0 v\u00f6\u00f0vam\u00e6lingum [electromyography). Hj\u00e1 ge\u00f0villtum og hj\u00e1 ungum b\u00f6rnum l\u00fdsir v\u00f6\u00f0vaspenna s\u00e9r \u00ed \u00f3r\u00f3a og eir\u00f0arleysi. Ge\u00f0veikir og \u00feunglyndir eru hins vegar st\u00edfari og stir\u00f0ari og er v\u00f6\u00f0vaspenna \u00feeirra oft samfara \u00ferj\u00f3zku. Jafnframt aukinni starfsemi og \u00e1lags tauga og heila kemur \u00ed lj\u00f3s <\/font>allmikil aukning \u00e1 v\u00f6kum og hv\u00f6tum \u00ed bl\u00f3\u00f0r\u00e1s ge\u00f0veikla\u00f0ra, ge\u00f0villtra og ge\u00f0veikra. M\u00e6tti ef til vill l\u00edkja \u00fev\u00ed vi\u00f0 innri mengun af \u00feessum efnum e\u00f0a sora \u00ed mannl\u00edfinu.\u201c Hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar \u00e1hrif ge\u00f0villu \u00ed neyslu v\u00edmuefna segir hann: \u201eS\u00e9u foreldrarnir h\u00e1\u00f0ir pillum, t\u00f3baki og \u00e1fengi, er b\u00f6rnum \u00feeirra meiri h\u00e6tta b\u00fain af \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00e1vanaefnum til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar. S\u00e9u foreldrarnir l\u00edka ge\u00f0villtir hefur \u00fea\u00f0 oft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 b\u00f6rnin. Sn\u00f6gg umskipti, \u00f3r\u00f3i og eir\u00f0arleysi gr\u00edpa um sig \u00e1 \u00feeim heimilum. \u00dear er einnig meiri glundro\u00f0i og fleiri hj\u00f3naskilna\u00f0ir. … S\u00e9rgreinar heg\u00f0unarvandr\u00e6\u00f0a eru nokku\u00f0 fj\u00f6lbreyttar, \u00fe\u00f3tt ge\u00f0villustofninn s\u00e9 hinn sami e\u00f0a svipa\u00f0ur.\u201c (\u201eF\u00edkniefni. Fj\u00f6gur erindi um \u00feetta geigv\u00e6nlega vandam\u00e1l, haldin \u00e1 fr\u00e6\u00f0slufundi Reykjav\u00edkurdeildar Rau\u00f0a kross \u00cdslands, 4. marz s.l. Esra P\u00e9tursson, l\u00e6knir. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagsvandam\u00e1l sem skapast vi\u00f0 neyzlu \u00e1vana- og f\u00edkniefna<\/a>\u201c. Lesb\u00f3k Morgunbla\u00f0sins<\/i> 26. marz 1972, s. 1-2.)<\/font><\/p>\n

Esra var a\u00f0 fjalla um samspil ge\u00f0r\u00e6nna kvilla, gl\u00e6pahneig\u00f0ar og notkun \u00e1fengis og f\u00edkniefna. \u00c1tta \u00e1rum fyrr nefnir l\u00e6knirinn \u00c1sbj\u00f6rn Stef\u00e1nsson svipa\u00f0 samspil \u00ed \u00e1fengisumr\u00e6\u00f0u en er \u00e1 \u00f6ndver\u00f0um mei\u00f0i vi\u00f0 Esra \u00fev\u00ed \u00c1sbj\u00f6rn nefnir a\u00f0 ge\u00f0villa fari e.t.v. vaxandi: \u201e\u00de\u00e1 telja \u00fdmsir s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar og a\u00f0rir v\u00edsindamenn a\u00f0 ge\u00f0villa (psychopathia) hafi fari\u00f0 mj\u00f6g vaxandi hj\u00e1 almenningi, ekki s\u00edzt ungu kynsl\u00f3\u00f0inni, undan farin \u00e1r. Er h\u00e9r um st\u00f3rh\u00e6ttu a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a \u00ed sambandi vi\u00f0 \u00e1fengisnautn s\u00e9 \u00feetta tilfelli\u00f0.\u201c (\u201eUmfer\u00f0 og \u00e1fengi<\/a>\u201c. Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0<\/i> 18. okt\u00f3ber 1964, s. 8.)<\/font><\/p>\n

Greining ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna \u00e1 ge\u00f0villu vakti kannski mesta athygli \u00ed Geirfinns-og Gu\u00f0mundarm\u00e1linu enda sag\u00f0i r\u00edkissaks\u00f3knari: \u201eSjaldan e\u00f0a aldrei hefur veri\u00f0 meiri \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til \u00feess en \u00ed \u00feessu m\u00e1li a\u00f0 afla \u00e1lits ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna um heilsufar \u00e1k\u00e6r\u00f0u …\u201c \u00cd stuttu m\u00e1li sagt greindu nokkrir ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar alla sakborninga me\u00f0 ge\u00f0villu og \u00fe.a.l. sakh\u00e6fa, \u00ed \u00e1rslok 1979. (\u00cd einni sk\u00fdrslunni ber ge\u00f0villu ekki \u00e1 g\u00f3ma en vi\u00f0komandi er greindur me\u00f0 \u201esterka andf\u00e9lagslega heg\u00f0un (personality disorders, antisocial personality)\u201c sem jafngildir n\u00e1nast ge\u00f0villugreiningu). Yfir \u00feetta lag\u00f0i l\u00e6knar\u00e1\u00f0 blessun s\u00edna. Sk\u00fdrslur l\u00e6knanna eru \u00e1kaflega athyglisver\u00f0ar \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feess sem s\u00ed\u00f0ar hefur veri\u00f0 uppl\u00fdst um me\u00f0fer\u00f0 sakborninga. \u00d3tr\u00falegasti spar\u00f0at\u00edningur um a\u00f0standendur sakborninga fylgir \u00ed flestum sk\u00fdrslunum og \u00feess vegna vitna \u00e9g ekki \u00ed \u00fe\u00e6r heldur v\u00edsa \u00ed fr\u00e9tt af m\u00e1larekstrinum \u00fear sem helstu atri\u00f0i var\u00f0andi mat l\u00e6knanna \u00e1 sakborningum kemur fram, sj\u00e1 \u201eSjaldan e\u00f0a aldrei hefur veri\u00f0 meiri \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 afla \u00e1lits ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna en \u00ed \u00feessu m\u00e1li\u201c- segir r\u00edkissaks\u00f3knari<\/a>\u201c. Dagbla\u00f0i\u00f0<\/i> f\u00f6studaginn 18. jan\u00faar 1980, s. 9.<\/font><\/p>\n

S\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingar vildu fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a.m.k. laust fyrir aldam\u00f3tin s\u00ed\u00f0ustu ekki tala um si\u00f0blindu<\/i> e\u00f0a ge\u00f0villu<\/i> heldur um andf\u00e9lagslega pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun<\/i> og vir\u00f0ast gera \u00fev\u00ed sk\u00f3na a\u00f0 umhverfis\u00fe\u00e6ttir v\u00e6gju t\u00f6luvert \u00ed sl\u00edkri r\u00f6skun. \u00c1hrifamestur \u00feeirra var Gylfi \u00c1smundsson og g\u00e6tir \u00e1hrifa hans enn, t.d. \u00ed sv\u00f6rum \u00e1 V\u00edsindavef<\/i>, \u00e1 doktor.is<\/i> og \u00e1 persona.is<\/i>, \u00feegar si\u00f0blindu ber \u00e1 g\u00f3ma. H\u00e9r er l\u00e1ti\u00f0 duga a\u00f0 vitna \u00ed svar Gylfa vi\u00f0 spurningunni <\/a>\u201eAf hverju stafar si\u00f0blinda?<\/a>\u201c: \u201eStundum n\u00e6r \u00fe\u00e1 [\u00feegar foreldrar veita ekki lei\u00f0s\u00f6gn] barni\u00f0 ekki a\u00f0 \u00feroska tilfinningar s\u00ednar e\u00f0a temja hvatir s\u00ednar og l\u00e6tur stj\u00f3rnast af \u00feeim. S\u00ed\u00f0ar meir kann \u00feessi einstaklingur a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a sj\u00e1lfmi\u00f0a\u00f0ur, tillitslaus vi\u00f0 a\u00f0ra og heg\u00f0un hans stj\u00f3rnast af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 skara eld a\u00f0 eigin k\u00f6ku. \u00deegar sl\u00edk pers\u00f3nueinkenni ver\u00f0a mj\u00f6g \u00e1berandi og afbirg\u00f0ileg geta \u00feau flokkast undir pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun, \u00fear sem si\u00f0blinda er eitt megineinkenni\u00f0.\u201c Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0<\/i> 13. j\u00fan\u00ed 1998, s. 30;\u00a0 Einnig \u00fatlistun Gylfa sem kemur fram \u00ed svari vi\u00f0 spurningunni <\/a>\u201eHva\u00f0 er <\/a>\u201eborderline<\/a>\u201c pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun?<\/a>\u201c: \u201eAl\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0leg flokkun ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma hefur breyst talsvert \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1ratugum. Ekki \u00e1 \u00feetta s\u00edst vi\u00f0 um pers\u00f3nuleikaraskanir. Fyrir f\u00e1um \u00e1ratugum var \u00feeim skipt annars vegar \u00ed psykopati, sem \u00e1 \u00edslensku var nefnd ge\u00f0villa, og hins vegar \u00ed skapger\u00f0artruflanir af \u00fdmsu tagi, svo voru v\u00e6gari ger\u00f0 og skyldari hugs\u00fdkinni. Ge\u00f0villa var gjarnan talin me\u00f0f\u00e6dd, en skapger\u00f0artruflanir or\u00f0nar til fyrir \u00e1hrif umhverfis og uppeldis. \u00cd ge\u00f0villu f\u00f3lst oftast andf\u00e9lagsleg heg\u00f0un, si\u00f0blinda og samviskuleysi. Or\u00f0i\u00f0 psykopat var i\u00f0ulega nota\u00f0 sem skammaryr\u00f0i. N\u00fa er \u00fea\u00f0 ekki nota\u00f0 lengur en andf\u00e9lagslegur pers\u00f3nuleiki er s\u00e9rstakur arftaki \u00feess.\u201c Morgunbla\u00f0i\u00f0<\/i> 2. okt\u00f3ber 1999, s. 42. \u00deeim sem hafa \u00e1huga \u00e1\u00a0\u00feessari or\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0u um si\u00f0blindu er bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 fletta upp Gylfa \u00c1smundssyni e\u00f0a andf\u00e9lagslegri pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun \u00ed Gegni.is<\/i> e\u00f0a \u00e1 fyrrnefndum vefjum.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00cd \u201eHelgispjalli<\/a>\u201c \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu<\/i> sunnudaginn 5. ma\u00ed 1996 reynir M [Matth\u00edas Johannessen] a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra margt \u00ed samt\u00ed\u00f0inni me\u00f0 tilv\u00edsun til si\u00f0blindu. Hann rekur skilgreiningu og einkenni si\u00f0blindu \u00far riti norska ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisins Einars Kringlen, Psykiatri <\/i>og vitnar jafnframt til Oxford Textbook of Psychiatry<\/i>. Matth\u00edas hefur \u00fev\u00ed kynnt s\u00e9r efni\u00f0 vel og margt af \u00fev\u00ed sem hann segir \u00e1 kannski allt eins vi\u00f0 n\u00fa \u00e1 d\u00f6gum, a.m.k. s\u00e9 mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 fr\u00e9ttaflutning og umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00e1 \u00fdmsum vefmi\u00f0lum:<\/font><\/p>\n

\u201eN\u00fa kvarta margir s\u00e1ran. Og \u00f3tr\u00falega margir vir\u00f0ast haldnir miklu ofn\u00e6mi fyrir samf\u00e9laginu. \u00c9g hef spurt sj\u00e1lfan mig hver \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an s\u00e9. \u00deetta er yfirleitt d\u00f3mgreindargott f\u00f3lk me\u00f0 sterka \u00e1byrg\u00f0artilfinningu og a\u00f0haldssamt sj\u00e1lfs\u00e1lit. J\u00e1, hvers vegna, hef \u00e9g spurt sj\u00e1lfan mig, \u00feolir \u00feessi \u00edslenzki kjarni umhverfi sitt jafn illa og raun ber vitni? \u00dea\u00f0 skyldi \u00fe\u00f3 ekki vera a\u00f0 \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0una s\u00e9 a\u00f0 finna \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0inni, \u00feeim \u00fe\u00e1ttum hennar sem fjalla um si\u00f0blindu e\u00f0a ge\u00f0villu, e\u00f0a \u00fea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 getum kalla\u00f0 pers\u00f3nuleikabrest framt\u00f3ninga sem eru h\u00e9r allsr\u00e1\u00f0andi or\u00f0i\u00f0 og hafa ekki s\u00edzt komi\u00f0 \u00e1r sinni vel fyrir bor\u00f0 \u00ed fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lum og opinberu l\u00edfi. \u00c9g er a\u00f0 tala um f\u00f3lk sem \u00fatlendir fr\u00e6\u00f0imenn kalla s\u00fdk\u00f3pata en vi\u00f0 g\u00e6tum nefnt si\u00f0blindingja. Margir \u00feeirra s\u00e6kjast eftir h\u00e1um emb\u00e6ttum og n\u00e1 oft takmarki s\u00ednu \u00ed \u00f3\u00fe\u00f6kk h\u00e6verskra \u00e1horfenda sem hafa a\u00f0hald af d\u00f3mgreind sinni og sj\u00e1lfsvir\u00f0ingu. … Samf\u00e9lag sem ber sl\u00edk fyrirbrig\u00f0i \u00e1 gullst\u00f3l hl\u00fdtur sj\u00e1lft a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00e1st af einhvers konar veruleikafirringu; blekkingu. \u00dea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist ekki hafa neinn \u00e1huga \u00e1 \u00feeim fj\u00f6lda f\u00f3lks sem sinnir st\u00f6rfum s\u00ednum af d\u00f3mgreindarfullri al\u00fa\u00f0 og reynir a\u00f0 \u00feola sitt ofn\u00e6mi m\u00f6glunarlaust. \u00dea\u00f0 undrast, \u00fea\u00f0 hneykslast en \u00fea\u00f0 skortir \u00fea\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfstraust, \u00fea\u00f0 samvizkuleysi, sem g\u00e6ti st\u00f6\u00f0va\u00f0 sigurg\u00f6ngu s\u00fdk\u00f3patanna. \u00dea\u00f0 hefur sterkt a\u00f0hald af sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r, d\u00f3mgreind sinni og sj\u00e1lfsgagnr\u00fdni, eigin \u00f3tta og \u00f6ryggisleysi. En \u00fea\u00f0 er ge\u00f0ugur \u00f3tti og manneskjulegt \u00f6ryggisleysi. \u201eVenjulegt\u201c f\u00f3lk stendur svo \u00e1 milli \u00feessara h\u00f3pa og heldur a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0i fer\u00f0inni; myndi svonefnt almennings\u00e1lit. En \u00fea\u00f0 er rangt. Framt\u00f3ningarnir r\u00e1\u00f0a fer\u00f0inni \u00ed \u00feessu oddaflugi. En spyrja m\u00e1 a\u00f0 lokum hvort ofn\u00e6mi \u00feessa \u00e1g\u00e6ta \u00edslenzka samf\u00e9lagskjarna megi ekki rekja til fyrrnefnds \u00e1reitis sem er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 magna\u00f0ra \u00ed f\u00e1mennu \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0f\u00e9lagi en fj\u00f6lmennu, \u00fe\u00f3tt s\u00f6mu pers\u00f3nuger\u00f0ir s\u00e9u \u00fear \u00e1 fer\u00f0 ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur en \u00ed okkar litla samf\u00e9lagi. S\u00edvaxandi \u00f3\u00feol \u00feessa f\u00f3lks er a\u00f0 minnsta kosti eitt helzta einkenni \u00feess skr\u00edpaleiks sem alltaf er veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 setja upp \u00f6\u00f0ru hverju \u00e1 \u00edslenzka litlasvi\u00f0inu(!)\u201c.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"PatrickFr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed b\u00f3k Pauls Babiak og Roberts D. Hare, Snakes In Suit. When Psychopaths Go To Work<\/i>, kom \u00fat \u00e1ri\u00f0 2006,\u00a0hefur \u00e1hugi manna \u00e1 si\u00f0blindu h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi vaxi\u00f0 mj\u00f6g en n\u00e1nast eing\u00f6ngu \u00e1hugi \u00e1 si\u00f0blindu \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptal\u00edfinu. M\u00e1 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed sambandi benda \u00e1 \u00e1g\u00e6ta grein Kristj\u00e1ns G. Arngr\u00edmssonar um b\u00f3k Babiak og Hare, \u201eSn\u00e1kar \u00ed jakkaf\u00f6tum<\/a>\u201c, \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu<\/i> 7. j\u00fan\u00ed 2006, s. 28.<\/font><\/p>\n

Reyndar haf\u00f0i \u00e1ratug fyrr veri\u00f0 vakin athygli \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda skipti m\u00e1li \u00ed efnahagsafbrotum en \u00fea\u00f0 vir\u00f0ist ekki hafa n\u00e1\u00f0 eyrum mann s\u00e9rstaklega h\u00e9r uppi \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. S\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ingarnir \u00c1sta Bjarnad\u00f3ttir og Sigur\u00f0ur J. Gr\u00e9tarsson skrifu\u00f0u greinina \u201eHvers vegna brj\u00f3ta menn af s\u00e9r \u00ed starfi?<\/a>\u201c \u00ed V\u00edsbendingu. Vikurit um vi\u00f0skipti og efnahagsm\u00e1l<\/i>. 19. 4. 1996, s. 2, sem lauk \u00e1: \u201eOg loks \u00fearf a\u00f0 minnast \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 sem \u00e1 \u00edslensku eru kalla\u00f0ir ge\u00f0villtir e\u00f0a si\u00f0blindir. \u00de\u00e1 skortir h\u00e6fileika til a\u00f0 setja sig \u00ed spor annarra og finnst sem \u00feeir s\u00e9u hafnir yfir l\u00f6g og r\u00e9tt. N\u00fdlegar ranns\u00f3knir benda til \u00feess a\u00f0 hj\u00e1 \u00feeim s\u00e9 starfsemi \u00f3venjudauf \u00e1 heilasv\u00e6\u00f0um sem m\u00f3ta tilfinningaleg vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0, eins og kv\u00ed\u00f0a, i\u00f0run og r\u00e9ttl\u00e6tiskennd. Sjaldg\u00e6ft er a\u00f0 \u00feetta \u00e1stand s\u00e9r [svo] greint hj\u00e1 manni fyrr en eftir a\u00f0 hann hefur broti\u00f0 \u00edtreka\u00f0 af s\u00e9r. Reyndar er hugtaki\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda i\u00f0ulega nota\u00f0 sem merkimi\u00f0i \u00e1 s\u00edbrotamenn, fremur en til forvarna. En n\u00e6sta v\u00edst er a\u00f0 blyg\u00f0unar- og \u00f3ttaleysi er ekki alltaf til trafala \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptum og sumir \u00e1l\u00edta – \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega sta\u00f0fest- a\u00f0 si\u00f0blindir menn nj\u00f3ti oft velgengni. E\u00f0li m\u00e1lsins samkv\u00e6mt er erfitt a\u00f0 vara sig \u00e1 sl\u00edkum m\u00f6nnum, tunguliprum, \u00f3ttalausum og blyg\u00f0unarlausum, og \u00fev\u00ed er sem stendur erfitt a\u00f0 veita \u00f6nnur r\u00e1\u00f0 en almenna vark\u00e1rni til a\u00f0 verjast sl\u00edkum sendingum. \u00de\u00f3 g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 til lei\u00f0sagnar a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er ekki r\u00e9tt sem oft er haldi\u00f0 fram a\u00f0 flestir efnahagsbrotamenn brj\u00f3ti a\u00f0eins einu sinni af s\u00e9r (Weisburd, Chayet og Waring, 1990) og \u00fev\u00ed \u00f3varlegt a\u00f0 treysta mj\u00f6g \u00e1 b\u00f3t \u00feeirra og betrun.\u201c<\/font><\/p>\n

J\u00f3n\u00edna Benediktsd\u00f3ttir vakti athygli \u00e1 kenningum Hare \u00e1\u00f0ur en s\u00fa fr\u00e6ga b\u00f3k sem hann skrifa\u00f0i \u00ed f\u00e9lagi vi\u00f0 Babiak kom \u00fat. J\u00f3n\u00edna fjalla\u00f0i um grein Robert D. Hare, \u201eIs your Boss a Psychopath\u201c \u00ed greininni\u00a0 \u201eGu\u00f0 gaf m\u00e9r peningana m\u00edna<\/a>\u201c, undirtitill \u201eJ\u00f3n\u00edna Benediktsd\u00f3ttir fjallar um n\u00fdja tegund vi\u00f0skiptamanna\u201c, \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu<\/i> 22. \u00e1g\u00fast 2005, s. 19. Ekki vir\u00f0ist s\u00fa grein hafa veri\u00f0 r\u00e6dd neitt s\u00e9rstaklega.<\/font><\/p>\n

En eftir efnahagshruni\u00f0 t\u00f3ku menn sm\u00e1m saman vi\u00f0 s\u00e9r og \u00e1hugi \u00e1 kenningum Babiak og Hare j\u00f3kst hr\u00f6\u00f0um skrefum. M\u00e1 benda \u00e1 bloggf\u00e6rslu L\u00e1ru H\u00f6nnu Einarsd\u00f3ttur, \u201eSn\u00e1karnir og si\u00f0blindan<\/a>\u201c fr\u00e1 14. jan\u00faar 2010 sem d\u00e6mi um sl\u00edkt. L\u00e1ra Hanna v\u00edsar \u00ed \u00feessari f\u00e6rslu \u00ed \u00fdmist anna\u00f0 efni.\u00a0 Kristj\u00e1n G. Arngr\u00edmsson skrifa\u00f0i a\u00f0ra grein, \u201eSn\u00e1karnir okkar\u201c, sem birtist \u00ed Fr\u00e9ttabla\u00f0inu<\/i> 22. jan\u00faar 2010, \u00fear sem hann l\u00edtur um \u00f6xl og metur \u00e1stand s\u00ed\u00f0ustu fj\u00f6gurra \u00e1ra \u00ed lj\u00f3si kenninga Babiak og Hare. (Grein Kristj\u00e1ns er a\u00f0gengileg \u00e1 samnefndri f\u00e6rslu L\u00e1ru H\u00f6nnu Einarsd\u00f3ttur<\/a> \u00feann 23. jan\u00faar 2010.)<\/font><\/p>\n

\"HannibalNanna Briem ge\u00f0l\u00e6knir skrifa\u00f0i greinina \u201eUm si\u00f0blindu<\/a>\u201c \u00ed Ge\u00f0vernd<\/i>, 38.\u00e1rg. 1.tbl. 2009 (s. 25 – 29). Grein N\u00f6nnu er besta umfj\u00f6llun um \u00feessa alvarlegu ge\u00f0r\u00f6skun \u00e1 \u00edslensku<\/b> fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed Benedikt T\u00f3masson skrifa\u00f0i kaflann \u201eGe\u00f0villuskapger\u00f0\u201c \u00ed Erfi\u00f0 b\u00f6rn. S\u00e1larl\u00edf \u00feeirra og uppeldi<\/i> \u00e1ri\u00f0 1959, a\u00f0 m\u00ednu mati. Nanna Briem fjallar \u00ed greininni einkum um kenningar Robert D. Hare og g\u00e1tlista hans fyrir si\u00f0blindu en minnist l\u00edka \u00e1 si\u00f0blindu \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptal\u00edfinu. H\u00fan vakti s\u00ed\u00f0an athygli svo um muna\u00f0i \u00feegar h\u00fan flutti fyrirlesturinn Si\u00f0blinda og birtingarmyndir hennar<\/a><\/i> \u00ed\u00a0 H\u00e1sk\u00f3lanum \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk \u00feann 3. febr\u00faar 2010, sem fjalla\u00f0i a\u00f0 miklu leyti um si\u00f0blindu \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptum. Eftir \u00feann fyrirlestur spunnust miklar umr\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00ed fj\u00f6lmi\u00f0lum og Nanna Briem sat fyrir sv\u00f6rum v\u00ed\u00f0a. S\u00ed\u00f0an \u00fe\u00e1 kannast flestir vi\u00f0 si\u00f0blindu \u00ed vi\u00f0skiptal\u00edfinu. \u00c9g er samt ekki viss um a\u00f0 f\u00f3lk viti miki\u00f0 um si\u00f0blindu \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0ara samhengi.<\/font><\/p>\n

Enn skirrast menn ekki vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 bera si\u00f0blindu e\u00f0a si\u00f0villu upp \u00e1 mann og annan, \u00feeim til hnj\u00f3\u00f0s, \u00e1n \u00feess a\u00f0 gera s\u00e9r grein fyrir merkingu or\u00f0anna si\u00f0blinda<\/i> og ge\u00f0villa<\/i>. Einnig m\u00e1 nefna n\u00fdlegt heldur skondi\u00f0 d\u00e6mi \u00ed umr\u00e6\u00f0u \u00e1 Al\u00feingi, \u00fear sem veri\u00f0 var a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a hvort heimspeki \u00e6tti a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a skyldufag \u00ed grunn- og framhaldssk\u00f3la og fer vel \u00e1 a\u00f0 lj\u00faka \u00feessari f\u00e6rslu me\u00f0 tilvitnun \u00ed hana, til marks um a\u00f0 aukin umr\u00e6\u00f0a um si\u00f0blindu \u00e1 undanf\u00f6rnum \u00e1rum h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi skilar s\u00e9r ekki endilega \u00ed auknum skilningi \u00e1 si\u00f0blindu:<\/font><\/p>\n

\u201eFr\u00fa forseti. Enn og aftur get \u00e9g veri\u00f0 samm\u00e1la m\u00f6rgu sem hv. \u00feingma\u00f0ur sag\u00f0i en margt af \u00fev\u00ed f\u00f3lki sem \u00e9g \u00feekki og hefur hva\u00f0 mesta r\u00f6khugsun og getur sett m\u00e1l sitt sk\u00fdrt fram og \u00feekkir \u00f6ll \u00feessi t\u00e6ki, \u00fearf ekki a\u00f0 vera si\u00f0vanda\u00f0asta f\u00f3lki\u00f0 sem \u00e9g \u00feekki. Aftur \u00e1 m\u00f3ti get \u00e9g sagt a\u00f0 m\u00e9r finnst \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00f3lk sem ekki hefur veri\u00f0 miki\u00f0 \u00ed borgarsamf\u00e9lagi, er ekki miki\u00f0 mennta\u00f0 og hefur strita\u00f0 \u00ed sveita s\u00edns andlits, oft vera \u00fea\u00f0 f\u00f3lk sem hefur h\u00e6stu si\u00f0fer\u00f0issta\u00f0la sem \u00e9g hef s\u00e9\u00f0.<\/font><\/p>\n

Vi\u00f0 erum kannski farin a\u00f0 velta fyrir okkur spurningum sem Rousseau velti fyrir s\u00e9r. Erum vi\u00f0 \u00f3skrifa\u00f0 bla\u00f0 si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega \u00feegar vi\u00f0 f\u00e6\u00f0umst og er einfaldlega h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 fylla bla\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fat me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kenna f\u00f3lki \u00feessi gildi e\u00f0a f\u00e6\u00f0umst vi\u00f0 me\u00f0 \u00feau? Au\u00f0vita\u00f0 getum vi\u00f0 l\u00e6rt \u00feau. \u00dea\u00f0 er al\u00feekkt a\u00f0 \u00feeir sem eru \u2014 afsaki\u00f0 fr\u00fa forseti, a\u00f0 \u00e9g skuli sletta \u2014 s\u00edk\u00f3patar og komast hva\u00f0 best upp me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 eru \u00feeir sem geta fali\u00f0 si\u00f0fer\u00f0isbresti s\u00edna hva\u00f0 best \u00e1 bak vi\u00f0 \u00feekkinguna sem \u00feeir hafa. \u00deeir \u00feekkja hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 heg\u00f0a s\u00e9r, hva\u00f0 \u00feeir eiga a\u00f0 segja. S\u00ed\u00f0an haga \u00feeir s\u00e9r \u00e1 \u00feann h\u00e1tt sem br\u00fdtur \u00f6ll si\u00f0fer\u00f0isl\u00f6gm\u00e1l sem vi\u00f0 mennirnir viljum setja okkur. Spurningin er: Me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gefa f\u00f3lki \u00feessi verkf\u00e6ri, me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kenna \u00feeim \u00feetta, g\u00e6tum vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 stu\u00f0la a\u00f0 si\u00f0spillingu?\u201c (Tryggvi \u00de\u00f3r Herbertsson \u00e1 139. l\u00f6ggjafar\u00feingi, 35. fundi 25. n\u00f3vember 2010.<\/a>)<\/font>
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\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font>F\u00e6rslan er skreytt leikaramyndum sem ekkert koma textanum vi\u00f0. \u00deetta eru allt myndir af fr\u00e6gum si\u00f0blindum pers\u00f3num kvikmyndanna, tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 ofan: Max Zorin \u00ed A View To A Kill, <\/i><\/font>Patrick McKenna kard\u00edn\u00e1li \u00ed Englum og dj\u00f6flum<\/i>, Jim Stark \u00ed Rebel Without a Cause<\/i> (raunar er \u00e1 m\u00f6rkunum a\u00f0 hann s\u00e9 si\u00f0blindur en m\u00e1 nokku\u00f0 \u00f6rugglega telja hann me\u00f0 andf\u00e9lagslega pers\u00f3nuleikar\u00f6skun), Alex DeLarge \u00ed A Clockwork Orange<\/i>, Patrick Bateman \u00ed American Psycho<\/i> og loks s\u00e1 fr\u00e6gasti: Hannibal Lecter \u00ed L\u00f6mbin \u00feagna<\/i>.<\/font>
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\u00de\u00f3famj\u00fak r\u00e1nd\u00fdr sem l\u00e6\u00f0ast: Si\u00f0blinda VI hluti\u00a0 \u00a0 Or\u00f0in, merking \u00feeirra og notkun Eins og kom fram \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ustu f\u00e6rslu, \u201eHugtaki\u00f0 si\u00f0blinda og \u00fer\u00f3un \u00feess\u201c, m\u00e1 l\u00edklega rekja or\u00f0i\u00f0 psykopati til austurr\u00edska l\u00e6knisins Ernst von …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-329","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-uncategorized"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=329"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/329\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=329"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=329"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=329"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}