{"id":429,"date":"2012-06-12T18:45:44","date_gmt":"2012-06-12T18:45:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/harpa.blogg.is\/2012-06-12\/skoli-og-gedveiki\/"},"modified":"2013-11-21T09:18:10","modified_gmt":"2013-11-21T09:18:10","slug":"skoli-og-gedveiki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2012\/06\/12\/skoli-og-gedveiki\/","title":{"rendered":"Sk\u00f3li og ge\u00f0veiki"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Gagnr\u00fdninKannski hef\u00f0i fyrirs\u00f6gnin frekar \u00e1tt a\u00f0 vera “n\u00e1mskr\u00e1rfr\u00e6\u00f0i og ge\u00f0raskanasta\u00f0lar” … \u00c9g hef sums\u00e9 brug\u00f0i\u00f0 m\u00e9r \u00ed gamalt hlutverk, “hinnar greindu al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ukonu”, og lesi\u00f0 yfir ritger\u00f0 mannsins um stefnur og strauma \u00ed n\u00e1mskr\u00e1rfr\u00e6\u00f0um: S\u00e9 ekki betur en margt s\u00e9 l\u00edkt me\u00f0 skyldum, \u00fe.e. poppfr\u00e6\u00f0um sem var\u00f0a sk\u00f3la og ge\u00f0veiki.<\/p>\n

N\u00fa eru nokkur \u00e1r s\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e9g var eitthva\u00f0 \u00ed alv\u00f6runni a\u00f0 p\u00e6la \u00ed n\u00e1mskr\u00e1 framhaldssk\u00f3la og hvernig ma\u00f0ur matsa\u00f0i kennslu\u00e1\u00e6tlun \u00feokkalega vi\u00f0 svolei\u00f0is. Og \u00e9g er b\u00fain a\u00f0 gleyma miklu og hef alveg misst af umr\u00e6\u00f0u s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00e1ra um n\u00fdju n\u00e1mskr\u00e1na me\u00f0 skemmtilega geggju\u00f0u yfirmarkmi\u00f0unum. En eftir a\u00f0 hafa gegnt hlutverkinu “greind al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ukona sem les n\u00e1mskr\u00e1rfr\u00e6\u00f0i” s\u00ed\u00f0asta \u00e1ri\u00f0 (ma\u00f0urinn hefur nefnilega alltaf pr\u00f3fa\u00f0 s\u00ednar greinar og texta \u00e1 m\u00e9r: Skilji \u00e9g ekki textann \u00fearf a\u00f0 laga hann) hef \u00e9g\u00a0einhverja hugmynd um \u00fat \u00e1 hva\u00f0 \u00feessi n\u00fdja n\u00e1mskr\u00e1 gengur, \u00fat \u00e1 hva\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0asta n\u00e1mskr\u00e1 gekk og a\u00f0 framhaldssk\u00f3lakennarar eru almennt ekki svo vitlausir a\u00f0 halda a\u00f0 \u00feetta skipti einhverju m\u00e1li \u00ed kennslu.<\/p>\n

Sk\u00f6mmu eftir str\u00ed\u00f0 (seinni heimstyrj\u00f6ldina) h\u00f3fust vins\u00e6ldir “ferskrar skynsamlegrar\u00a0markmi\u00f0ssetningar” \u00ed n\u00e1mskr\u00e1. \u00c9g man eftir\u00a0helstu uppskriftarfr\u00e6\u00f0ingunum\u00a0\u00far ukkinu; Bobbit og Tyler og Bloom og kannski Taba. \u00cd einf\u00f6ldu\u00f0u m\u00e1li m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 uppskriftarpoppfr\u00e6\u00f0ingarnir sem eru s\u00edvins\u00e6lir \u00e1 Menntav\u00edsindasvi\u00f0i og l\u00edklega \u00ed f\u00e9lagsfr\u00e6\u00f0igreinum almennt telji a\u00f0 \u00ed n\u00e1mskr\u00e1rger\u00f0 s\u00e9 best a\u00f0 byrja me\u00f0 hreint bor\u00f0 (sums\u00e9 kasta \u00f6llum hef\u00f0um fyrir r\u00f3\u00f0a), setja yfirmarkmi\u00f0 og greina svo \u00e6 sm\u00e6rri undirmarkmi\u00f0 sem eiga a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na yfirmarkmi\u00f0unum beint, \u00e1n tillits til faga og fr\u00e6\u00f0igreina. \u00deessi undirskipun e\u00f0a beina \u00fej\u00f3nkun er hins vegar \u00f3m\u00f6guleg \u00ed flestum f\u00f6gum.<\/p>\n

\u00c9g skruna\u00f0i yfir almennan kafla n\u00fdju n\u00e1mskr\u00e1rinnar<\/a> og \u00fer\u00e1tt fyrir aldarfj\u00f3r\u00f0ungsreynslu af kennslu \u00ed framhaldssk\u00f3la fannst m\u00e9r a\u00f0 textinn hlyti a\u00f0 fjalla um eitthva\u00f0 anna\u00f0 en sk\u00f3la – er hann kannski saminn af f\u00f3lki sem hefur l\u00edti\u00f0 komi\u00f0 inn \u00ed svolei\u00f0is stofnanir?\u00a0 Hva\u00f0 \u00ed \u00f3sk\u00f6punum er “menntun til sj\u00e1lfb\u00e6rni”, hugtak sem er margtuggi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessum texta? \u00c9g s\u00e9 helst fyrir m\u00e9r \u00e1fanga \u00ed t\u00f3vinnu … Taldir eru upp sex grunn\u00fe\u00e6ttir alls n\u00e1ms, s\u00ed\u00f0an n\u00edu\u00a0svi\u00f0 lykilh\u00e6fni\u00a0o.s.fr.; N\u00e1mskr\u00e1in er sums\u00e9 draumur hvers sort\u00e9ringarsinna!<\/p>\n

Svo t\u00e9kka\u00f0i \u00e9g \u00e1 markmi\u00f0um \u00ed m\u00ednu fagi, \u00edslensku (s. 93), sem eiga \u00e1 mj\u00f6g dularfullan og illskiljanlegan h\u00e1tt a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na hinum sex grunn\u00fe\u00e1ttum og hinum n\u00edu lykilh\u00e6fnisvi\u00f0um og s\u00e9 ekki betur en n\u00e1mskr\u00f6fur slagi h\u00e1tt \u00ed mastersn\u00e1m \u00e1 h\u00e1sk\u00f3lastigi, t.d.:<\/p>\n

Nemandi skal hafa \u00f6\u00f0last leikni \u00ed a\u00f0 lesa allar ger\u00f0ir rita\u00f0s m\u00e1ls a\u00f0 fornu og n\u00fdju s\u00e9r til gagns og gamans, skilja lykilhugt\u00f6k og greina mismunandi sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

e\u00f0a<\/p>\n

Nemandi skal geta hagn\u00fdtt \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feekkingu og leikni sem hann hefur afla\u00f0 s\u00e9r til a\u00f0 s\u00fdna \u00feroska\u00f0a si\u00f0fer\u00f0isvitund, v\u00ed\u00f0s\u00fdni, sk\u00f6punarh\u00e6fni og saml\u00ed\u00f0an \u00ed m\u00e1lflutningi s\u00ednum, umfj\u00f6llun og verkum.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00c9g er ansi hr\u00e6dd um a\u00f0 helstu r\u00e1\u00f0amenn \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0arinnar, t.d. \u00feeir sem sitja \u00ed r\u00edkisstj\u00f3rn e\u00f0a \u00e1 Al\u00feingi hafi n\u00fa ekki n\u00e1\u00f0 \u00feessum tveimur markmi\u00f0um, a.m.k. ekki \u00fev\u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda. Er raunh\u00e6ft a\u00f0 krefast \u00feessarar getu af n\u00fdst\u00fadentum?\u00a0 Hver \u00e6tli s\u00e9u \u00feessi lykilhugt\u00f6k og mismunandi sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 sem talin eru \u00ed fyrra d\u00e6minu? Og heldur einhver \u00ed alv\u00f6ru a\u00f0 nemendur leggist almennt \u00ed Gr\u00e1g\u00e1s, \u00cdslensku h\u00f3mil\u00edub\u00f3kina, dr\u00f3ttkv\u00e6\u00f0i, ann\u00e1la,\u00a0st\u00e6r\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0itexta, ranns\u00f3knarsk\u00fdrslur, mannt\u00f6l, \u00e1ttv\u00edsi, l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i\u00a0o.m.fl. s\u00e9r til gagns og gamans, skilji \u00fear \u00ed einhver dularfull lykilhugt\u00f6k og greini mismunandi sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0 \u00ed hvers lags texta sem er eins og a\u00f0 drekka vatn, eftir a\u00f0 hafa kl\u00e1ra\u00f0 st\u00fadentspr\u00f3f?<\/p>\n

Blessunarlega hugsa \u00e9g a\u00f0 f\u00f3lki\u00f0 \u00e1 g\u00f3lfinu, \u00fe.e. nemendur og kennarar, l\u00e1ti \u00fe\u00e1 h\u00e1timbru\u00f0u sm\u00ed\u00f0 sem n\u00fdja n\u00e1mskr\u00e1in er bara eiga sig og haldi \u00e1fram a\u00f0 kenna og (vonandi) l\u00e6ra eins og t\u00ed\u00f0kast hefur til \u00feessa.<\/p>\n

En m\u00e9r datt \u00ed hug, lesandi um \u00feessa t\u00e6knihyggju \u00ed n\u00e1mskr\u00e1rger\u00f0, \u00fe.e. a\u00f0 halda a\u00f0 h\u00e6gt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 setja einhver abs\u00f3l\u00fat yfirmarkmi\u00f0 \u00f3tengd f\u00f6gum (sem m\u00e1 \u00feess vegna\u00a0kalla grunn\u00fe\u00e6tti og svi\u00f0 lykilh\u00e6fni) og fella s\u00ed\u00f0an allt n\u00e1m og \u00f6ll f\u00f6g\u00a0\u00ed undirmarkmi\u00f0 sem eiga a\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3na yfirmarkmi\u00f0unum … \u00a0a\u00f0 sams konar \u00a0t\u00e6knihyggja speglist \u00e1kaflega vel \u00ed sj\u00fakd\u00f3mast\u00f6\u00f0lum og \u00feeirra sort\u00e9ringum. M\u00e1 nefna DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders) Bandar\u00edsku ge\u00f0l\u00e6knasamtakanna\u00a0sem fyrst kom \u00fat 1952 e\u00f0a n\u00e1fr\u00e6nda hans, ICD (International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems) sem Al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0aheilbrig\u00f0isstofnun Sameinu\u00f0u \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0anna gefur \u00fat og er einmitt br\u00faka\u00f0ur h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi.<\/p>\n

DSM \u00e1 r\u00e6tur s\u00ednar a\u00f0 rekja til flokkunarkerfis Bandar\u00edska hersins, sem spratt m.a. af \u00fe\u00f6rf \u00e1 a\u00f0 greina alls kyns krankleik \u00e1 ge\u00f0i \u00feeirra hermanna sem sn\u00e9ru heim \u00far seinna str\u00ed\u00f0i. \u00cd hverri n\u00fdrri \u00fatg\u00e1fu DSM hefur skilgreindum ge\u00f0r\u00f6skunum fj\u00f6lga\u00f0 og skilgreiningar or\u00f0i\u00f0 n\u00e1kv\u00e6mari. Fyrstu \u00feunglyndislyfin, \u00fer\u00edhringlaga ge\u00f0lyfin, voru upp fundin (\u00f3vart) laust eftir 1950. Svo merkilegt sem \u00fea\u00f0 n\u00fa er hefur \u00fer\u00f3un \u00feunglyndislyfja og auki\u00f0 frambo\u00f0 haldist nokku\u00f0 \u00ed hendur vi\u00f0\u00a0aukna sm\u00e1smygli \u00ed og auki\u00f0 frambo\u00f0 \u00e1 skilgreiningum \u00feunglyndis \u00ed DSM.<\/p>\n

Alveg eins og t\u00e6knihyggja \u00ed n\u00e1mskr\u00e1rger\u00f0 hefur ekki s\u00fdnt sig \u00ed betra n\u00e1mi e\u00f0a betri sk\u00f3lum hefur t\u00e6knihyggja \u00ed \u00feunglyndisgreiningu og fleiri ger\u00f0ir \u00feunglyndislyfja sem passa vi\u00f0 s\u00edfellt n\u00e1kv\u00e6mari skilgreiningar og undirgreiningar ekki s\u00fdnt sig \u00ed f\u00e6kkun \u00feunglyndissj\u00faklinga. Kannski m\u00e6tti l\u00edta \u00e1 lyfin eins og undirmarkmi\u00f0in \u00ed t\u00e6knihyggjun\u00e1mskr\u00e1rger\u00f0: L\u00fdsingarnar hlj\u00f3ma sosum lj\u00f3mandi vel en prakt\u00edsk not eru heldur l\u00e9leg.<\/p>\n

Kann a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega sama a\u00f0alatri\u00f0i\u00f0 gleymist: Vi\u00f0 erum nefnilega a\u00f0 tala um eitthva\u00f0 sem snertir f\u00f3lk<\/strong>, \u00fe\u00e1tttakendur \u00ed margbreytilegu mannl\u00edfi<\/strong>. Kann a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 h\u00e1timbru\u00f0 markmi\u00f0 og sm\u00e6ttun ofan\u00ed m\u00e6lanleg undirmarkmi\u00f0 l\u00edti vel \u00fat \u00e1\u00a0papp\u00edr en gagnist minna \u00feegar f\u00f3lk \u00e1 a\u00f0 nota \u00feau \u00e1 anna\u00f0 f\u00f3lk, hvort sem er til a\u00f0 koma \u00fev\u00ed til nokkurs \u00feroska\u00a0og til a\u00f0 mennta \u00fea\u00f0 e\u00f0a til a\u00f0 l\u00e6kna \u00fea\u00f0.<\/p>\n

Sem betur fer held \u00e9g a\u00f0 b\u00e6\u00f0i g\u00f3\u00f0ir kennarar og g\u00f3\u00f0ir ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar geri s\u00e9r \u00feessar takmarkanir vel lj\u00f3sar. Alveg eins og kennari \u00fearf a\u00f0 geta teki\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 nemendur kj\u00f3si a\u00f0 baka Borg \u00e1 M\u00fdrum og bj\u00f3\u00f0a \u00f6llum upp \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00e9ta hana, \u00ed sta\u00f0 \u00feess a\u00f0 flytja fyrirlestur um Borg e\u00f0a skrifa ritger\u00f0 um Borg, tekur g\u00f3\u00f0ur ge\u00f0l\u00e6knir tillit til umhverfis og v\u00e6ntinga s\u00edns sj\u00faklings og sty\u00f0ur hann \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed sem hann vill gera til s\u00edns bata.\u00a0\u00a0Eftir margra daga bakstur, m\u00e6lingar og \u00fatreikninga\u00a0og k\u00f6kum\u00f3delsm\u00ed\u00f0 me\u00f0 glass\u00far m\u00e1 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 nemendur gj\u00f6r\u00feekki umhverfi\u00f0 \u00e1 Borg \u00e1 M\u00fdrum,\u00a0l\u00edklega betur en hef\u00f0u \u00feeir b\u00fai\u00f0 til Power Point gl\u00e6rus\u00fdningu og flutt fyrirlestur um efni\u00f0. Eftir vandlegar og \u00edtarlegar\u00a0pillutilraunir \u00e1rum saman og raflostme\u00f0fer\u00f0ir m\u00e1 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 \u00feunglyndissj\u00faklingur \u00feekki or\u00f0i\u00f0 nokku\u00f0 vel hva\u00f0 virkar, \u00f6llu heldur hva\u00f0 virkar ekki, vi\u00f0 s\u00ednum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mi.<\/p>\n

\u00cd prax\u00eds taka g\u00f3\u00f0ir ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar v\u00e6ntanlega jafnl\u00edti\u00f0 mark \u00e1 DSM\/ICD og \u00feunglyndislyfja\u00e1r\u00f3\u00f0ri og g\u00f3\u00f0ir \u00edslenskukennarar taka l\u00edti\u00f0 mark \u00e1 va\u00f0li um grunn\u00fe\u00e6tti, lykilh\u00e6fnisvi\u00f0 og innant\u00f3mu markmi\u00f0skjaft\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed n\u00e1mskr\u00e1.<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

—<\/p>\n

Svona aukalega sting \u00e9g \u00fev\u00ed inn\u00ed \u00feessa f\u00e6rslu a\u00f0 lokum a\u00f0 sem \u00e9g var a\u00f0 lesa eigi\u00f0 blogg \u00e1ri\u00f0 2006 komst \u00e9g a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0sumars \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1r hef \u00e9g hnakkrifist vi\u00f0 Helga nokkurn Ing\u00f3lfsson og ekki vanda\u00f0 honum kve\u00f0jurnar (sem var a\u00f0 v\u00edsu gagnkv\u00e6mt). \u00c1steitingarsteinninn var fyrirhugu\u00f0 stytting n\u00e1ms til \u00a0st\u00fadentspr\u00f3fs … \u00dea\u00f0 er svo sem ekkert allt jafn sorglegt \u00ed lestrinum um l\u00edfi\u00f0 mitt sem hvarf \u00ed blakk\u00e1ti\u00f0\/t\u00f3mi\u00f0 mikla \ud83d\ude09\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Kannski hef\u00f0i fyrirs\u00f6gnin frekar \u00e1tt a\u00f0 vera “n\u00e1mskr\u00e1rfr\u00e6\u00f0i og ge\u00f0raskanasta\u00f0lar” … \u00c9g hef sums\u00e9 brug\u00f0i\u00f0 m\u00e9r \u00ed gamalt hlutverk, “hinnar greindu al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ukonu”, og lesi\u00f0 yfir ritger\u00f0 mannsins um stefnur og strauma \u00ed n\u00e1mskr\u00e1rfr\u00e6\u00f0um: S\u00e9 ekki …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9,21],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-429","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gedheilsa","category-skolamal"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=429"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":656,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/429\/revisions\/656"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=429"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=429"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=429"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}