{"id":437,"date":"2012-09-07T23:00:41","date_gmt":"2012-09-07T23:00:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/harpa.blogg.is\/2012-09-07\/hversu-islensk-er-attbladaros\/"},"modified":"2013-11-21T09:12:22","modified_gmt":"2013-11-21T09:12:22","slug":"hversu-islensk-er-attbladaros","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2012\/09\/07\/hversu-islensk-er-attbladaros\/","title":{"rendered":"Hversu \u00edslensk er \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s?"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g hef lengi \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 blogga um munstur, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s, sem margir vir\u00f0ast halda a\u00f0 s\u00e9 s\u00e9r\u00edslenskt munstur, til vara norr\u00e6nt munstur, en er \u00ed rauninni al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legt munstur.<\/font><\/p>\n

\"\u00c1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s\"Heiti\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessu munstri er d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 misv\u00edsandi \u00fev\u00ed til er anna\u00f0 mj\u00f6g algengt munstur sem er st\u00edlf\u00e6r\u00f0 r\u00f3s me\u00f0 \u00e1tta kr\u00f3nubl\u00f6\u00f0um. \u00dea\u00f0 segir kannski \u00e1kve\u00f0na s\u00f6gu a\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 er hvorki a\u00f0 finna \u00ed \u00cdslenskri or\u00f0ab\u00f3k<\/em> (\u00fatg. Edda) n\u00e9 \u00ed Ritm\u00e1lssafni H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands. Hins vegar eru d\u00e6mi um\u00a0 \u00e1tta<\/b>bla\u00f0ar\u00f3s \u00ed Ritm\u00e1lssafninu; hi\u00f0 elsta er fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed seint \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld og ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 af \u00fev\u00ed hvort um n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega sama munstri\u00f0 er r\u00e6tt en n\u00e6stelsta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00f6rugglega vi\u00f0 \u00feetta munstur. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00far Kvennabla\u00f0inu<\/i>, 1. tbl. 1900, s. 7<\/a>: \u201eUppdr\u00e1tturinn er bezt a\u00f0 s\u00e9 einhver \u201egeometrisk\u201c mynd, t. d. stjarna, e\u00f0a sem kalla\u00f0 er \u00e1ttabla\u00f0ar\u00f3s, me\u00f0 sterkum litum, og s\u00e9 svo fylt upp \u00ed kring me\u00f0 d\u00f6kkleitara garni.\u201c<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd n\u00fat\u00edmaprj\u00f3nauppskriftum \u00e1 ensku er \u00feetta munstur oft tengt Noregi og kalla\u00f0 \u201eNorwegian Star\u201c e\u00f0a \u201eSelbu Star\u201c. \u00c1 norsku er \u00fea\u00f0 oftast kalla\u00f0 \u201e\u00e5ttebladsstjerna\u201c en stundum s\u00e9rstaklega tengt Selbu-munstrum og kalla\u00f0 Selbusrosa<\/a>. Selbu-st\u00edllinn er samt alls ekki gamall eins og sumir halda heldur m\u00e1 rekja \u00feessa \u00e1g\u00e6tu h\u00f6nnun til Marit Guldsetbrua Emstad sem skila\u00f0i inn vettlingum me\u00f0 \u201eselburosa\u201c til Husfliden \u00ed \u00der\u00e1ndheimi \u00e1ri\u00f0 1897. \u00dea\u00f0 sem einkennir Selbu-st\u00edl \u00f6\u00f0ru fremur er a\u00f0 munstrin eru yfirleitt sv\u00f6rt og grunnurinn hv\u00edtur.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd Noregi eru til innfluttir silkiprj\u00f3nja\u00f0ir jakkar fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um 1600 me\u00f0 \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3samunstri, \u00fdmist \u00fatprj\u00f3na\u00f0ir \u00ed lit e\u00f0a einlitu \u00fatprj\u00f3ni (damaskprj\u00f3ni). Svo prj\u00f3na\u00f0i al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0uf\u00f3lk eftirl\u00edkingar af \u00feessum j\u00f6kkum. Jakkarnir og eftirl\u00edkingarnar voru kalla\u00f0ar \u201enattr\u00f8yer\u201c. \u00cd Danm\u00f6rku prj\u00f3nu\u00f0u menn l\u00edka \u201enatttr\u00f8jer\u201c. \u00de\u00e6r voru prj\u00f3na\u00f0ar me\u00f0 damask-prj\u00f3ni, \u00fe.e. voru einlitar en brug\u00f0nar (sn\u00fanar) lykkjur myndu\u00f0u munstur og reiti \u00e1 sl\u00e9ttum grunninum. \u00c1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sin var mj\u00f6g algengt munstur \u00e1 svona treyjum \/ j\u00f6kkum, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed Noregi og Danm\u00f6rku. \u00cdslendingar vir\u00f0ast hins vegar ekki hafa hermt \u00feetta eftir og eru minjar um \u00edslenskt einlitt \u00fatprj\u00f3n\u00a0einungis tv\u00e6r fremur \u00f3merkilegar tutlur.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00c1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s \u00feekkist v\u00ed\u00f0a um heim, t\u00e1knar \u00fdmislegt og er \u00f6rugglega \u00e6vagamalt mynstur. Sem d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 nefna eftirfarandi:<\/font><\/p>\n

\"\u00c1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s\"Mafaldap\u00fa\u00f0inn er eitt af elsta var\u00f0veittu prj\u00f3ni \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu<\/a>, talinn prj\u00f3na\u00f0ur \u00e1 13. \u00f6ld, er skreyttur \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sum. \u00c1 honum m\u00e1 raunar sj\u00e1 b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1tta-arma-stj\u00f6rnuna sem h\u00e9rlendis er k\u00f6llu\u00f0 \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s, og raunverulega \u00e1ttabla\u00f0ar\u00f3s, \u00fe.e. r\u00f3s me\u00f0 \u00e1tta kr\u00f3nubl\u00f6\u00f0.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font><\/p>\n

\"\u00c1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s\"\u00c1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sin (\u00e1tta-arma-stjarna) er eitt af \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0art\u00e1knum Lettlands.\u00a0 H\u00fan tengist gy\u00f0junni Auseklis sem \u00ed lettneskri go\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i samsvarar Venus \u00ed r\u00f3mverskri go\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i. \u00c1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sin t\u00e1kna\u00f0i einmitt reikistj\u00f6rnuna Venus me\u00f0al Bab\u00fdlon\u00edumanna um 1600-1150 f.Kr. og var einnig t\u00e1kn gy\u00f0junnar Ishtar (frj\u00f3semisgy\u00f0ju sem tengd var pl\u00e1netunni).<\/font>\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

\"\u00c1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s\"Skv. kristinni t\u00e1knfr\u00e6\u00f0i stendur \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sin fyrir Jes\u00fa Krist; \u201e\u00c9g er r\u00f3tarkvistur Dav\u00ed\u00f0s, stjarnan sk\u00ednandi, morgunstjarnan\u201c sag\u00f0i Jes\u00fa (Opinberunarb\u00f3kin 22:16). En Mar\u00eda mey er einnig tengd \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sinni \u00fev\u00ed munstri\u00f0 ku einnig nefnt mar\u00edustjarna. \u00c1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s m\u00e1 og nota til a\u00f0 t\u00e1kna Betlehemsstj\u00f6rnuna.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font><\/p>\n

\"\u00c1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s\"Munstri\u00f0 er vel\u00feekkt fyrir botni Mi\u00f0jar\u00f0arhafs og er stundum tali\u00f0 s\u00e9rstakt palest\u00ednskt munstur. \u00dea\u00f0 vakti nokkra athygli \u00ed m\u00ednum heimab\u00e6, Akranesi, \u00feegar palest\u00ednskar konur sem hinga\u00f0 komu \u00far fl\u00f3ttamannab\u00fa\u00f0um en bjuggu \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00ed \u00cdran settu upp hannyr\u00f0as\u00fdningu<\/a> og l\u00edta m\u00e1tti \u201e\u00edslensku\u201c \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sina \u00e1 sumum verkanna (h\u00e9r er d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0<\/a>).<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font><\/p>\n

\"\u00c1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s\"Tyrkir kalla \u00e1ttbla\u00f0astj\u00f6rnuna stundum frelsisstj\u00f6rnu. Og m\u00e6tti lengi telja misj\u00f6fn heiti og misjafna merkingu sem tengd er \u00feessu al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0lega munstri. \u00deeim sem hafa svo \u00e1huga \u00e1 dulfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum eiginleikum sem eigna\u00f0ir eru \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sinni er bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 lesa sk\u00e1lds\u00f6gu \u00d3ttars Nor\u00f0fj\u00f6r\u00f0, \u00c1ttabla\u00f0ar\u00f3sina<\/i>, sem kom \u00fat 2010.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd g\u00f6mlum sj\u00f3nab\u00f3kum \u00edslenskum, \u00fe.e. handritum me\u00f0 munstrum, er \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sina au\u00f0vita\u00f0 a\u00f0 finna. En \u00feessi munstur voru fyrst og fremst hugsu\u00f0 fyrir \u00fatsaum og langflest eru alveg eins e\u00f0a n\u00e1skyld munstrum \u00ed \u00fatlendum prentu\u00f0um b\u00f3kum. Eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00e9g best veit er einungis eitt afbrig\u00f0i af \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sinni sem g\u00e6ti veri\u00f0 s\u00e9r\u00edslenskt, \u00fea\u00f0 er oft kalla\u00f0 Skaftafellsr\u00f3sin<\/a>.<\/font><\/p>\n

Elstu \u00edslenskar minjar um \u00fatprj\u00f3n \u00ed lit er sm\u00e1pjatla me\u00f0 bekk \u00ed tveimur litum \u00e1 einlitum grunni, l\u00edklega fr\u00e1 18. \u00f6ld. N\u00e6stelstu minjar um svona prj\u00f3n eru fr\u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar. Fr\u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma og fram yfir aldam\u00f3tin 1900 er sl\u00edkt var\u00f0veitt prj\u00f3nles n\u00e6r einv\u00f6r\u00f0ungu vestfirskir laufavettlingar og m\u00e9r \u00feykir \u00f3l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 finna megi \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s \u00e1 \u00feeim. Til eru prj\u00f3na\u00f0ir vettlingar fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed seint \u00e1 19. \u00f6ld me\u00f0 \u00edsauma\u00f0ri \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s, me\u00f0 fl\u00e9ttusaumi. Um e\u00f0a upp\u00far 1900 hefst uppgangur myndprj\u00f3ns \u00fear sem \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s \u00ed \u00fdmsum \u00fatg\u00e1fum var me\u00f0 vins\u00e6lustu munstrum, nefnilega \u00ed gar\u00f0aprj\u00f3nu\u00f0um \u00edleppum, og um svipa\u00f0 leyti n\u00e1\u00f0i tv\u00edbandaprj\u00f3n vins\u00e6ldum.<\/font>\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

N\u00fa kann a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 stefni \u00ed d\u00f3msm\u00e1l \u00fear sem \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sin kemur vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu. Fyrir sk\u00f6mmu h\u00f3ta\u00f0i ullarverksmi\u00f0jan Dr\u00edfa, sem framlei\u00f0ir undir v\u00f6rumerkjunum Icewear og Norwear, a\u00f0 k\u00e6ra fyrirt\u00e6kin The Viking og \u00c1lafoss fyrir a\u00f0 framlei\u00f0a og selja v\u00f6ru sem s\u00e9 \u00f3e\u00f0lilega l\u00edk v\u00f6ru Dr\u00edfu og \u00ed \u00feokkab\u00f3t selja hana mun \u00f3d\u00fdrar en Dr\u00edfa gerir. Sj\u00e1 Ullarverslanir saka\u00f0ar um h\u00f6nnunarstuld<\/a>, \u00e1 vef\u00a0 R\u00daV<\/i>., V\u00edsar \u00e1s\u00f6kunum um h\u00f6nnunarstuld \u00e1 bug<\/a> \u00e1 R\u00daV<\/i>, Segir atl\u00f6gu ger\u00f0a a\u00f0 \u00edslenskri h\u00f6nnun<\/a> \u00e1 vef Mbl<\/i>. og\u00a0 \u201eAldagamalt og s\u00edgilt mynstur\u201c<\/a> \u00e1 vef Mbl<\/i>.; allar fr\u00e9ttirnar eru fr\u00e1 30. \u00e1g\u00fast sl. \u00c9g er ekki a\u00f0 bera blak af h\u00f6nnunar\u00fej\u00f3fna\u00f0i en velti fyrir m\u00e9r hversu mikinn einkar\u00e9tt ullarverksmi\u00f0jan Dr\u00edfa getur haft \u00e1 \u00feessu prj\u00f3nlesi sem forsvarsmenn hennar telja stolna h\u00f6nnun. Auglj\u00f3slega getur Dr\u00edfa ekki \u00e1tt einkar\u00e9tt \u00e1 fingravettlingum, GSM-grifflum\/vettlingum og h\u00fafum. Litasamsetning er me\u00f0 algengasta m\u00f3ti. M\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed \u00e6tla a\u00f0 meginumkv\u00f6rtunarefni\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00fea\u00f0 sem Dr\u00edfa \u00e1l\u00edtur sitt munstur, sj\u00e1 hitt skjali\u00f0 sem sent var R\u00daV<\/a>.<\/font><\/p>\n

Grunnmynstrin eru svona:<\/font>
\n\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
Munstur Dr\u00edfu<\/font><\/td>\nMunstur The Viking \/ \u00c1lafoss<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"\u00c1ttabla\u00f0ar\u00f3s<\/td>\n\"\u00c1ttabla\u00f0ar\u00f3s<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"T\ufffdgull<\/td>\n\u00dar \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s The Viking \/\u00c1lafoss ganga sk\u00e1l\u00ednur milli armanna og enda \u00e1 ferningum (eins og t\u00ed\u00f0kast \u00ed hamarsr\u00f3s). Milli \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sanna er mj\u00f6g l\u00edtill t\u00edgull – oft er \u00fea\u00f0 munstur kalla\u00f0 einhvers konar fuglsauga.<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Af \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00e9g hef raki\u00f0 h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan er eiginlega auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 ekkert \u00edslenskt fyrirt\u00e6ki getur eigna\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3sina sem s\u00edna h\u00f6nnun. Og heldur ekki t\u00edgulinn sem er s\u00f6mulei\u00f0is \u00feekkt munstur v\u00ed\u00f0a um ver\u00f6ld og gefin \u00fdmis merking, finnst og \u00ed innlendum og erlendum sj\u00f3nab\u00f3kum. Bor\u00f0arnir \u00e1 fl\u00edkunum eru l\u00edklega ekki \u00e1steytingarsteinn \u00fev\u00ed \u00feeir eru \u00fea\u00f0 \u00f3l\u00edkir (auk \u00feess a\u00f0 vera \u00feekkt mynstur fyrir). \u00dea\u00f0 ver\u00f0ur spennandi a\u00f0 fylgjast me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed hverjar ver\u00f0a lyktir m\u00e1lsins.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Helstu heimildir<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

B\u00e6kur:<\/font><\/p>\n

H\u00e9lene Magn\u00fasson. 2006. R\u00f3saleppaprj\u00f3n \u00ed n\u00fdju lj\u00f3si<\/i>.<\/font>
\nElsa E. Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. 1984. \u201eTraditionel islandsk strikning\u201c \u00ed Stickat och virkat i nordisk tradition<\/i>.<\/font>
\nElsa E. Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. 1982. \u00cdslenskur \u00fatsaumur<\/i>.<\/font>
\nSundb\u00f8, Annemor. 1998. Kvardagsstrikk. Kulturskattar fr\u00e5 fillehaugen<\/i>.<\/font>
\nM\u00f8ller Nielsen, Ann. 1983. Pregle, binde og l\u00e6nke – gammel dansk strikketradition<\/i>.<\/font>
\nRutt, Richard. 1987. A History of Hand Knitting<\/i>.<\/font><\/p>\n

Vefir<\/font><\/p>\n

Arfur palest\u00ednskra kvenna<\/a> \u00e1 Fj\u00f6lmenningarvef\u00a0 barna<\/i>.<\/font>
\nSp\u00e6nsku sv\u00e6flarnir<\/a> \u00ed Saga prj\u00f3ns<\/i><\/font>
\nThe Latvian Mythology<\/a> \u00ed Latvian History<\/i><\/font>
\nAuseklis<\/a> \u00ed Wikipedia<\/i><\/font>
\nAstronomy of Babylon<\/a> \u00ed Classical Astrologer<\/i><\/font>
\n\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00c9g hef lengi \u00e6tla\u00f0 a\u00f0 blogga um munstur, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1ttbla\u00f0ar\u00f3s, sem margir vir\u00f0ast halda a\u00f0 s\u00e9 s\u00e9r\u00edslenskt munstur, til vara norr\u00e6nt munstur, en er \u00ed rauninni al\u00fej\u00f3\u00f0legt munstur. Heiti\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessu munstri er d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 misv\u00edsandi …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-437","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saga-prjons"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/437","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=437"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/437\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":648,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/437\/revisions\/648"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=437"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=437"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=437"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}