{"id":439,"date":"2012-09-18T10:39:42","date_gmt":"2012-09-18T10:39:42","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/harpa.blogg.is\/2012-09-18\/baltneskir-vettlingar\/"},"modified":"2013-11-21T09:11:54","modified_gmt":"2013-11-21T09:11:54","slug":"baltneskir-vettlingar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2012\/09\/18\/baltneskir-vettlingar\/","title":{"rendered":"Baltneskir vettlingar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00cd \u00feessari f\u00e6rslu er einkum fjalla\u00f0 um prj\u00f3na\u00f0an eistneskan vettling fr\u00e1 13. \u00f6ld en einnig ger\u00f0 l\u00edtilsh\u00e1ttar grein fyrir eistneskum og lettneskum vettlingum.<\/font>
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Vod\u00edski vettlingurinn \u00ed Eistlandi<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

L\u00edtil prj\u00f3napjatla fannst \u00ed uppgreftri \u00ed vod\u00edskum<\/a> greftrunarsta\u00f0 \u00ed eistneska b\u00e6num J\u00f5uga \u00e1ri\u00f0 1949. (Vodar voru \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0 sem tala\u00f0i finnsk-\u00fagr\u00edskt tungum\u00e1l, n\u00fa n\u00e1nast \u00fatdautt, og bjuggu vi\u00f0 Eystrasalt og \u00ed R\u00fasslandi. Leitt hefur veri\u00f0 getum a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 Kylfingar \u00feeir sem koma fyrir \u00ed Egils s\u00f6gu<\/i> hafi veri\u00f0 Vodar en s\u00fa \u00e1giskun\u00a0er reist\u00a0\u00e1 afar \u00f3traustum grunni.) \u00cd gr\u00f6finni \u00ed J\u00f5uga hv\u00edldi kona og af \u00fev\u00ed \u00feessi litla pjatla l\u00e1 vi\u00f0 handarbeinin er tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00fan s\u00e9 leifar af belgvettlingi. S\u00fa \u00e1giskun byggir \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 prj\u00f3na\u00f0ir hanskar\/ fingravettlingar ur\u00f0u ekki vins\u00e6lir me\u00f0al eistneskrar al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0u fyrr en \u00e1 \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu. \u00f6ld. Gr\u00f6fin er talin vera fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed einhvern t\u00edma \u00e1 \u00e1rabilinu 1238-1299.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00deessi vettlingur hefur veri\u00f0 prj\u00f3na\u00f0ur \u00e1 nokkra prj\u00f3na, \u00fe.e. sl\u00e9ttprj\u00f3na\u00f0ur \u00ed hring. Raunar er allt elsta prj\u00f3nles sem hefur fundist prj\u00f3na\u00f0 \u00feannig \u00fev\u00ed menn l\u00e6r\u00f0u ekki a\u00f0 prj\u00f3na brug\u00f0nar lykkjur fyrr en seint \u00e1 sext\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld, a\u00f0 tali\u00f0 er. Hann var tv\u00edbandaprj\u00f3na\u00f0ur \u00far ullargarni og eru litirnir \u00ed munstrinu rau\u00f0ur og bl\u00e1r, grunnurinn \u00far \u00f3lita\u00f0ri hv\u00edtri ull. Bl\u00e1a garni\u00f0 var lita\u00f0 me\u00f0 ind\u00edg\u00f3 og rau\u00f0a garni\u00f0 me\u00f0 m\u00f6\u00f0rur\u00f3t (Rubia tinctorum). Rau\u00f0ur litur var talinn hafa varnarm\u00e1tt segir \u00ed greininni sem \u00e9g sty\u00f0st a\u00f0allega vi\u00f0 um \u00feennan vettling.<\/font>
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\"Vod\ufffdski\u00a0<\/font>
\nMyndin er af vod\u00edsku prj\u00f3napj\u00f6tlunni<\/font><\/td>\n		<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
\"Vod\ufffdski<\/p>\n

Pjatlan er l\u00edklega af stykki sem leit svona \u00fat<\/font><\/td>\n

\"Vod\ufffdski<\/p>\n

Munstri\u00f0 er svona<\/font><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/table>\n

Menn hafa eitthva\u00f0 deilt um hvort \u00feessi vettlingur og n\u00e1lbrug\u00f0nir vettlingar sem fundist hafa \u00ed vod\u00edskum grafreitum \u00ed nor\u00f0austur Eistlandi hafi veri\u00f0 hluti af l\u00edkkl\u00e6\u00f0um, hafi veri\u00f0 hluti af br\u00fa\u00f0arkl\u00e6\u00f0um hinnar l\u00e1tnu e\u00f0a tilheyrt hvunndagskl\u00e6\u00f0na\u00f0i. Helst er tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 vettlingarnir hafi veri\u00f0 prj\u00f3na\u00f0ir s\u00e9rstaklega fyrir jar\u00f0setningu.<\/font><\/p>\n

Vettlingspjatlan \u00far vod\u00edska grafreitnum \u00ed J\u00f5uga er elsta \u00feekkta d\u00e6mi\u00f0 um prj\u00f3n \u00ed austur og nor\u00f0ur Evr\u00f3pu og er \u00fe.a.l. st\u00f3rmerkilegur fundur. Sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 endurger\u00f0 af \u00feessum vettlingi h\u00e9r<\/a>.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00deeim sem vilja kynna s\u00e9r \u00feennan merka vettling\u00a0r\u00e6kilega er bent \u00e1 grein Anneke Lyffland: A study of a 13th-century votic knit fragment<\/a>.\u00a0 \u00cd grein Juri Peets, Totenhandshuhe im Bestattungsbrauchtum der Esten und anderer Ostseefinnen<\/a> (birtist fyrst \u00ed Fennoscandia archaeologica<\/i> IV \u00e1ri\u00f0 1987), er ger\u00f0\u00a0grein fyrir vettlingaleifum fornum sem fundist hafa \u00ed Eistlandi en allir nema \u00feessi sem um var fjalla\u00f0 a\u00f0 ofan eru n\u00e1lbrug\u00f0nir.<\/font>
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A\u00f0rir eistneskir vettlingar<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

Til skamms t\u00edma var b\u00f3k eistneska \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0fr\u00e6\u00f0ingsins Ilmari Manninen, Eesti Kindad<\/i> (Eistneskir vettlingar), \u00fatg. 1927 helsta heimildin um efni\u00f0. H\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 hla\u00f0a henni ni\u00f0ur \u00e1 pdf-formi h\u00e9\u00f0an<\/a> og \u00fe\u00f3tt ma\u00f0ur skilji ekki or\u00f0 \u00ed eistnesku er gaman a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a myndir af gripunum sem hann fjallar um, athugi\u00f0 a\u00f0 aftast \u00ed b\u00f3kinni eru litmyndir.<\/font>
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Til gamans m\u00e1 geta \u00feess a\u00f0 Eistur n\u00e1lbrug\u00f0u vettlinga langt fram \u00e1 \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld \u00fe\u00f3tt prj\u00f3nakunn\u00e1tta hafi fyrir l\u00f6ngu veri\u00f0 almenn og er \u00ed Eistlandi \u00feekkt or\u00f0atilt\u00e6ki\u00f0 \u201ePrj\u00f3na\u00f0ir vettlingar – l\u00f6t eiginkona\u201c (sj\u00e1 s. 16 \u00ed Crafts and Arts in Estonia<\/a>). \u00dea\u00f0 tekur vitaskuld miklu lengri t\u00edma a\u00f0 n\u00e1lbreg\u00f0a vettling en prj\u00f3na hann og n\u00e1lbrug\u00f0inn vettlingur raknar ekki svo glatt upp. \u00cd Karel\u00edu \u00ed Finnlandi var haft \u00e1 or\u00f0i alveg fram undir seinni heimstyrj\u00f6ldina a\u00f0 eiginkona v\u00e6ri illa a\u00f0 s\u00e9r kynni h\u00fan ekki a\u00f0 n\u00e1lbreg\u00f0a og var \u00fear um sl\u00f3\u00f0ir lagt \u00feeirri konu til lasts a\u00f0 geta ekki n\u00e1lbrug\u00f0i\u00f0 vettlinga handa s\u00ednum eiginmanni (sj\u00e1 tilvitnun \u00ed Toini-Inkeri Kaukonen, \u201eKinnasompelun levinneisyys ja ty\u00f6tavat Suomessa\u201c, Suomen Museo 1960<\/i>, s. 44-71, \u00e1\u00a0 Neulakinnas Nalbinding<\/a><\/i>). \u00deessi or\u00f0atilt\u00e6ki s\u00fdna \u00e1hugaver\u00f0 tengsl milli prj\u00f3namenningar finnsk-\u00fagr\u00edskra \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a.<\/font>
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\"Eistnesk<\/a>\u00c1 s\u00ed\u00f0unni Silmuskudumise ajaloost (prj\u00f3nasaga) \u00e1 Etnograafilised koed – kirjamine ja roosimine<\/a><\/i> s\u00e9st mynd af eistneskum fornleifum (vettlingum). Kr\u00e6kjur \u00e1 kr\u00e6kjulista til vinstri \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0unni v\u00edsa \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ur me\u00f0 myndum af g\u00f6mlu eistnesku prj\u00f3nlesi, \u00fe\u00f3 ekki fornminjum. \u00dea\u00f0 er mj\u00f6g gaman a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a \u00feessa s\u00ed\u00f0u. Myndin til h\u00e6gri er af eistneskri prj\u00f3nab\u00f3k um vettlinga, sem er n\u00fdkomin \u00fat \u00e1 ensku (myndin kr\u00e6kir \u00ed s\u00f6lus\u00ed\u00f0u Amazon). M\u00e9r finnst s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1hugavert a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 \u00fearna \u00edslenskan galdrastaf, draumstaf e\u00f0a Ginni, \u00fatsauma\u00f0an \u00e1 handarb\u00f6k \u00fev\u00ed uppskriftir \u00ed b\u00f3kinni eru sag\u00f0ar byggja \u00e1 g\u00f6mlum hef\u00f0bundnum eistneskum mynstrum.<\/font><\/p>\n

Lettneskir vettlingar<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\"Eistneskur<\/a>Irena Turnau heldur \u00fev\u00ed fram a\u00f0 \u00ed Lettlandi hafi fundist prj\u00f3nles fr\u00e1 fj\u00f3rt\u00e1ndu og fimmt\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld: Prj\u00f3nu\u00f0 h\u00fafa og fernir vettlingar, \u00fear af tvennir fingravettlingar. (Turnau, Irena, 1991. History of Knitting before Mass Production<\/i>.)\u00a0 \u00dev\u00ed mi\u00f0ur hef \u00e9g ekki fundi\u00f0 neinar myndir af \u00feessum gripum og heldur ekki geta\u00f0 haft upp \u00e1 umfj\u00f6llun um \u00fe\u00e1, hef einungis fundi\u00f0 munstri\u00f0 sem s\u00e9st h\u00e9r til hli\u00f0ar og ku vera af \u00f6\u00f0rum af \u00feessum fingravettlingum, fr\u00e1 fimmt\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld. (Smelltu \u00e1 myndina ef \u00fe\u00fa vilt sj\u00e1 st\u00e6rri \u00fatg\u00e1fu.) Satt best a\u00f0 segja hafa margir l\u00fdst vantrausti \u00e1 fullyr\u00f0ingar Irenu Turnau um hversu gamlar leifar af prj\u00f3nlesi vi\u00f0 Eystrasalt og \u00ed Austur-Evr\u00f3pu eru. Heimildir \u00fe\u00e6r sem h\u00fan v\u00edsar \u00ed liggja hins vegar ekki \u00e1 lausu.<\/font><\/p>\n

Hafi f\u00f3lk \u00e1huga \u00e1 lettneskum vettlingamunstrum m\u00e6li \u00e9g me\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0unum:<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font><\/p>\n