{"id":475,"date":"2012-12-27T20:58:20","date_gmt":"2012-12-27T20:58:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/harpa.blogg.is\/2012-12-27\/ham-og-havamal\/"},"modified":"2013-11-21T08:58:36","modified_gmt":"2013-11-21T08:58:36","slug":"ham-og-havamal","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2012\/12\/27\/ham-og-havamal\/","title":{"rendered":"HAM og H\u00e1vam\u00e1l"},"content":{"rendered":"

H\u00e1vam\u00e1l<\/a> eru safn kv\u00e6\u00f0a fr\u00e1 \u00f3vissum t\u00edma, oft eru \u00feau talin fr\u00e1 12. e\u00f0a 13. \u00f6ld en einstakar v\u00edsur kunna a\u00f0 vera talsvert eldri.\u00a0 \u00deekktast \u00feessara kv\u00e6\u00f0a er Gesta\u00fe\u00e1ttur, 77 (e\u00f0a 79) erindi sem fjalla fyrst og fremst um \u00e6skilega heg\u00f0un og \u00e6skileg vi\u00f0horf \u00ed l\u00edfinu. Hermann P\u00e1lsson kalla\u00f0i umfj\u00f6llunarefni Gesta\u00fe\u00e1ttar Ge\u00f0speki<\/i>. \u00deeir sem lesi\u00f0 hafa kv\u00e6\u00f0i\u00f0 eru sj\u00e1lfsagt samm\u00e1la \u00fev\u00ed. S\u00ed\u00f0an \u00e9g s\u00f3tti n\u00e1mskei\u00f0 \u00ed hugr\u00e6nni atferlisme\u00f0fer\u00f0 (HAM) vi\u00f0 \u00feunglyndi og kv\u00ed\u00f0a snemma \u00ed haust hef \u00e9g af og til velt fyrir m\u00e9r hvort Gesta\u00fe\u00e1ttur H\u00e1vam\u00e1la v\u00e6ri kannski HAM fyrri alda. F\u00e6rslan er tilraun til a\u00f0 svara \u00feeirri spurningu.<\/font><\/p>\n

Hugr\u00e6n atferlisme\u00f0fer\u00f0 gerir r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 hugsanir, heg\u00f0un og l\u00ed\u00f0an hangi saman og hafi \u00e1hrif hvert \u00e1 anna\u00f0. Vilji menn breyta l\u00ed\u00f0an \u00fearf a\u00f0 breyta hugsunum (hugr\u00e6num \u00fe\u00e1ttum) og besta lei\u00f0in til a\u00f0 breyta hugsunum er a\u00f0 breyta heg\u00f0un sinni (atferli). \u00deessi \u00e1hersla \u00e1 a\u00f0 breytt heg\u00f0un geti haft \u00e1hrif \u00e1 hugarfar sem hafi \u00e1hrif \u00e1 l\u00ed\u00f0an er notu\u00f0 v\u00ed\u00f0ar en \u00ed HAM, t.d. kannast \u00feeir sem eru virkir \u00ed AA samt\u00f6kunum m\u00e6tavel vi\u00f0 allt tali\u00f0 um \u201elitlu hlutina sem ver\u00f0a a\u00f0 vera \u00ed lagi\u201c; oft er \u00fear v\u00edsa\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 hafa reglu \u00e1 svefni og matar\u00e6\u00f0i, hreyfa sig reglulega og fleira svolei\u00f0is smotter\u00ed sem skilar s\u00e9r \u00ed betra jafnv\u00e6gi.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd hugr\u00e6nni atferlisme\u00f0fer\u00f0 er l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1hersla \u00e1 a\u00f0 laga hugsanaskekkjur. Lista yfir \u00fe\u00e6r algengustu m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 h\u00e9r<\/a> \u00ed HAM. Me\u00f0fer\u00f0arhandb\u00f3k<\/i> Reykjalundar.<\/font><\/p>\n

<\/p>\n

Gesta\u00fe\u00e1ttur H\u00e1vam\u00e1la dregur nafn sitt af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fyrstu erindin fjalla um hvernig gestur \u00e1 b\u00e6 \u00e6tti a\u00f0 haga s\u00e9r og hvernig gestgjafar \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 haga s\u00e9r. S\u00ed\u00f0an er fjalla\u00f0 um \u00e6skilega heg\u00f0un \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0ara samhengi og seint \u00ed kv\u00e6\u00f0inu er fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 fjalla um hva\u00f0 gefi l\u00edfinu gildi og s\u00e9 mikilsver\u00f0ast \u00ed l\u00edfi hvers manns. V\u00ed\u00f0a er bent \u00e1 hva\u00f0 s\u00e9 skynsamleg heg\u00f0un og hva\u00f0 s\u00e9 heimskuleg heg\u00f0un, einnig hva\u00f0 s\u00e9u skynsamleg vi\u00f0horf og hva\u00f0 \u00f3skynsamleg.<\/font><\/p>\n

Segja m\u00e1 a\u00f0 fj\u00f6ldi erinda mi\u00f0i a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 lei\u00f0r\u00e9tta algengar hugsanaskekkjur. Fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 fyrsta bo\u00f0ar Gesta\u00fe\u00e1ttur H\u00e1vam\u00e1l eindregi\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00f3f s\u00e9 best \u00e1 hverjum hlut. Menn eiga a\u00f0 tala m\u00e1tulega miki\u00f0, hvorki of n\u00e9 van, menn eiga a\u00f0 drekka og eta m\u00e1tulega miki\u00f0, hvorki fasta n\u00e9 hella\/gra\u00f0ga \u00ed sig, o.s.fr. \u00dea\u00f0 er \u00fev\u00ed unni\u00f0 einart gegn allt-e\u00f0a-ekkert hugsunarskekkjunni, sem og \u00fdkjum e\u00f0a minnkun. \u00dea\u00f0 er meira a\u00f0 segja \u00f3\u00e6skilegt a\u00f0 vera of vitur: \u201e\u00dev\u00ed a\u00f0 snoturs manns hjarta\/ver\u00f0ur sjaldan glatt\/ef s\u00e1 er alsnotur er \u00e1\u201c! Eftirs\u00f3knarver\u00f0ast er a\u00f0 vera h\u00e6filega vitur, \u00feeir menn lifa fegurstu l\u00edfi.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd Gesta\u00fe\u00e6tti er sta\u00f0h\u00e6ft a\u00f0 illt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 spegla sig \u00ed \u00e1liti annarra og v\u00e6nlegra a\u00f0 hafa n\u00e6ga skynsemi og r\u00e9tt sj\u00e1lfsmat til a\u00f0 bera: \u201eS\u00e1 er s\u00e6ll\/er sj\u00e1lfur um \u00e1\/ lof og vit me\u00f0an lifir\u201c. S\u00e1 sem byggir sj\u00e1lfs\u00e1lit sitt \u00e1 vi\u00f0m\u00f3ti annarra er heimskur: \u201e\u00d3snotur ma\u00f0ur\/hyggur s\u00e9r alla vera\/vi\u00f0hl\u00e6jendur vini.\u201c<\/font><\/p>\n

H\u00f6rmungarhyggja er algeng hugsanaskekkja, nokkurs konar sambland af hraksp\u00e1m og \u00fdkjum svo menn tr\u00faa \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 svo hr\u00e6\u00f0ilegt muni gerast a\u00f0 \u00feeir muni ekki \u00feola \u00fea\u00f0 e\u00f0a a\u00f0 allt fari \u00e1 s\u00edversnandi veg. H\u00e1vam\u00e1l and\u00e6fa \u00feessum hugsunarh\u00e6tti annars vegar me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 segja a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 sl\u00e6mt a\u00f0 vera svo vitur a\u00f0 menn viti \u00f6rl\u00f6g s\u00edn, hins vegar a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 heimskulegt a\u00f0 kv\u00ed\u00f0a fyrir \u00f6llu: \u201e\u00f3snjallur ma\u00f0ur\/uggir hotvetna\u201c.<\/font><\/p>\n

Gesta\u00fe\u00e1ttur leggur \u00e1herslu \u00e1 reglusemi \u00ed matar\u00e6\u00f0i og svefni. Menn eiga a\u00f0 \u201er\u00edsa \u00e1r\u201c, \u00fe.e. fara snemma \u00e1 f\u00e6tur, og bor\u00f0a snemma. E.t.v. m\u00e6tti heimf\u00e6ra \u00feetta upp \u00e1 virkni-bo\u00f0skap HAM fr\u00e6\u00f0a,\u00a0mikilv\u00e6gi \u00feess a\u00f0 vera virkur og halda stundarskr\u00e1. Sama m\u00e1 segja um \u00e1herslu H\u00e1vam\u00e1la \u00e1 a\u00f0 umgangast f\u00f3lk og r\u00e6kja vin\u00e1ttu. \u00d3mannblendni gerir manninn heimskan: \u201eMa\u00f0ur af manni\/ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 m\u00e1li kunnur\/en til d\u00e6lskur af dul.\u201c Hamingja mannsins felst \u00ed f\u00e9lagsskap: \u201eMa\u00f0ur er manns gaman.\u201c<\/font><\/p>\n

Neikv\u00e6\u00f0 r\u00f6rs\u00fdn og a\u00f0 afskrifa j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0a reynslu, frammist\u00f6\u00f0u og hr\u00f3s eru hugsanaskekkjur skv. hugr\u00e6nni atferlisme\u00f0fer\u00f0. \u00cd H\u00e1vam\u00e1lum er bent \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt ma\u00f0ur eigi l\u00edti\u00f0 af efnislegum g\u00e6\u00f0um, t.d. l\u00edti\u00f0 b\u00fa e\u00f0a l\u00e9legan hest og kl\u00e6\u00f0na\u00f0, geti menn gla\u00f0st yfir a\u00f0 vera sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6\u00f0ir og \u00feurfi ekki a\u00f0 skammast s\u00edn fyrir f\u00e1t\u00e6kt svo lengi sem \u00feeir eru \u00fevegnir og mettir. Miki\u00f0 f\u00e9 er ekki eftirs\u00f3knarvert \u00fev\u00ed \u201emargur ver\u00f0ur af aurum api\u201c og \u201esvo er au\u00f0ur\/ sem augabrag\u00f0:\/hann er valtastur vina.\u201c\u00a0Undir lok Gesta\u00fe\u00e1ttar er undirstrika\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 eitt a\u00f0 vera lifandi s\u00e9 n\u00e6g \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0a til a\u00f0 finna hamingju. Menn geta \u00e6vinlega fundi\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 til a\u00f0 gle\u00f0jast yfir, einnig \u00fe\u00f3tt heilsan s\u00e9 sl\u00e6m:<\/font><\/p>\n

Erat ma\u00f0ur alls vesall,<\/font>
\n\u00fe\u00f3tt hann s\u00e9 illa heill:<\/font>
\nSumur er af sonum s\u00e6ll,<\/font>
\nsumur af fr\u00e6ndum,<\/font>
\nsumur af f\u00e9 \u00e6rnu,<\/font>
\nsumur af verkum vel.<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Reynsla m\u00edn af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 lesa Gesta\u00fe\u00e1tt H\u00e1vam\u00e1la me\u00f0 unglingum er mj\u00f6g g\u00f3\u00f0. \u00deeim \u00feykir yfirleitt miki\u00f0 til l\u00edfspeki kv\u00e6\u00f0isins koma enda eiga flest hollr\u00e1\u00f0in og \u00e1bendingarnar vel vi\u00f0 enn \u00feann dag \u00ed dag \u00fev\u00ed Gesta\u00fe\u00e1ttur H\u00e1vam\u00e1la bo\u00f0ar einkum heilbrig\u00f0a skynsemi. Hugr\u00e6n atferlisme\u00f0fer\u00f0\u00a0mi\u00f0ast og vi\u00f0\u00a0a\u00f0 vekja f\u00f3lk til umhugsunar um heilbrig\u00f0a skynsemi og \u00e6fa \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed henni. Margt er \u00fev\u00ed l\u00edkt me\u00f0 \u00feessu tvennu.<\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

H\u00e1vam\u00e1l eru safn kv\u00e6\u00f0a fr\u00e1 \u00f3vissum t\u00edma, oft eru \u00feau talin fr\u00e1 12. e\u00f0a 13. \u00f6ld en einstakar v\u00edsur kunna a\u00f0 vera talsvert eldri.\u00a0 \u00deekktast \u00feessara kv\u00e6\u00f0a er Gesta\u00fe\u00e1ttur, 77 (e\u00f0a 79) erindi sem fjalla …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-475","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-gedheilsa"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/475","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=475"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/475\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":610,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/475\/revisions\/610"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=475"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=475"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=475"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}