{"id":495,"date":"2013-04-02T00:45:15","date_gmt":"2013-04-02T00:45:15","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/harpa.blogg.is\/2013-04-02\/islenskir-prjonadir-vettlingar\/"},"modified":"2013-11-19T09:55:20","modified_gmt":"2013-11-19T09:55:20","slug":"islenskir-prjonadir-vettlingar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2013\/04\/02\/islenskir-prjonadir-vettlingar\/","title":{"rendered":"\u00cdslenskir prj\u00f3na\u00f0ir vettlingar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Svo skemmtilega vill til a\u00f0 elsta prj\u00f3nles sem fundist hefur \u00e1 \u00cdslandi er einmitt vettlingur:<\/font>\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"Vettlingur\u00c1ri\u00f0 1981 fannst sl\u00e9ttprj\u00f3na\u00f0ur ein\u00feumla belgvettlingur \u00ed uppgreftri a\u00f0 St\u00f3ru-Borg undir Austur-Eyjafj\u00f6llum. Hann er l\u00edklega fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta 16. aldar, og \u00fev\u00ed elsta var\u00f0veitta \u00edslenskt prj\u00f3nles sem vita\u00f0 er um. (Elsa E. Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. 1985.)<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Sem sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00e1 myndinni er vettlingurinn allur sl\u00e9ttprj\u00f3na\u00f0ur og ekkert stroff enda l\u00e6r\u00f0u menn l\u00edklega ekki a\u00f0 prj\u00f3na brug\u00f0nar lykkjur fyrr en seint \u00e1 sautj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld, e.t.v. ekki fyrr en \u00ed upphafi 18. aldar. Hann er prj\u00f3na\u00f0ur gr\u00f3ft \u00far m\u00f3rau\u00f0u tv\u00ed\u00fe\u00e6ttu ullarbandi, 3 lykkjur \u00e1 sentimetra \u00e1 h\u00e6\u00f0ina en 4-5 lykkjur \u00e1 sentimetra \u00e1 breiddina. Annar ein\u00feumla belgvettlingur haf\u00f0i fundist \u00ed uppgreftri \u00e1 Berg\u00fe\u00f3rshvoli 1927. S\u00e1 er einnig \u00far m\u00f3rau\u00f0u spunnu ullarbandi og enn gr\u00f3fprj\u00f3na\u00f0ri en s\u00e1 sem fannst \u00e1 St\u00f3ru-Borg, 3,5 lykkjur \u00e1 cm \u00e1 h\u00e6\u00f0ina en 2,5 lykkjur \u00e1 cm \u00e1 breiddina.\u00a0Vettlingurinn fr\u00e1 Berg\u00fe\u00f3rshvoli er talinn heldur yngri e\u00f0a fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed um 1600. Vi\u00f0 fornleifaupparanns\u00f3knir \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn hefur fundist tugur tv\u00ed\u00feumla vettlinga sem taldir eru \u00edslenskt innflutt prj\u00f3nles fr\u00e1 17. \u00f6ld. \u00deeir eru allir sl\u00e9ttprj\u00f3na\u00f0i en me\u00f0 mismunandi l\u00f6gun og \u00fart\u00f6kum og ekkert s\u00e9rlega l\u00edkir vettlingunum fr\u00e1 St\u00f3ru-Borg og Berg\u00fe\u00f3rshvoli. (Elsa E. Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. 1992.)<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt minjar s\u00e9u f\u00e1t\u00e6klegar er vita\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar byrju\u00f0u snemma a\u00f0 prj\u00f3na vettlinga, sj\u00e1lfsagt n\u00e1nast um lei\u00f0 og \u00feeir l\u00e6r\u00f0u a\u00f0 prj\u00f3na (einhvern t\u00edma seint \u00e1 16. \u00f6ld). Sokkar og vettlingar ur\u00f0u mikilv\u00e6g \u00fatflutningsvara. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1624 voru flutt \u00fat r\u00famlega 72 \u00fe\u00fasund p\u00f6r af sokkum og r\u00famlega 12 \u00fe\u00fasund p\u00f6r af vettlingum, nokkrar sveiflur voru \u00ed \u00feessum \u00fatflutningi milli \u00e1ra en nefna m\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00e1 d\u00f6gum Almenna verzlunarf\u00e9lagsins (1764-1773) voru \u00e1rlega flutt \u00fat r\u00famlega 185 \u00fe\u00fasund p\u00f6r af sokkum og t\u00e6plega 71 \u00fe\u00fasund p\u00f6r af vettlingum. (J\u00f3n A\u00f0ils. 1971.) \u00d3skr\u00e1\u00f0ir eru allir \u00feeir vettlingar og \u00f6nnur pl\u00f6gg sem \u00edslenskir st\u00fadentar \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn fengu send og seldu sj\u00e1lfir, pl\u00f6gg sem \u00cdslendingar seldu \u00fdmissa \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0a sj\u00f3m\u00f6nnum vi\u00f0 landi\u00f0, sem og \u00ed v\u00f6ruskiptaverslun innanlands.<\/font><\/p>\n

Allir sem vettlingi g\u00e1tu valdi\u00f0 prj\u00f3nu\u00f0u: Peysur, sokka, vettlinga, h\u00fafur o.fl. J\u00f3n A\u00f0ils nefnir a\u00f0 menn hafi lagt stund \u00e1 \u00feessa i\u00f0ju af \u00fev\u00ed ekkert anna\u00f0 var a\u00f0 gera \u00e1 veturna og halda \u00feurfti f\u00f3lki hvort sem var, jafnt gamalmenni sem b\u00f6rn \u201esem eigi voru til annars h\u00e6f.\u201c (J\u00f3n A\u00f0ils. 1971.) S\u00ed\u00f0ari t\u00edma heimildir nefna a\u00f0 b\u00f6rn ur\u00f0u eins og a\u00f0rir a\u00f0 skila \u00e1kve\u00f0nu prj\u00f3nlesmagni eftir vikuna, venjulega tveimur sj\u00f3vettlingsp\u00f6rum \u00feegar \u00feau voru \u00e1tta \u00e1ra og s\u00ed\u00f0an meiru eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00feau eltust. Gamall h\u00fasgangur er til vitnis um \u00feetta:<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Fyrst \u00fe\u00fa ert komin \u00e1 fj\u00f3r\u00f0a \u00e1r<\/font>
\nfara \u00e1ttu a\u00f0 vinna.<\/font>
\n\u00dea\u00f0 er a\u00f0 l\u00e6ra listir \u00ferj\u00e1r<\/font>
\nlesa, prj\u00f3na og spinna.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/font><\/p>\n

(Sara Bertha \u00deorsteinsd\u00f3ttir og Valger\u00f0ur Krist\u00edn Sigur\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir. 1984.)<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Prj\u00f3nlesi\u00f0 (prj\u00f3nasaumurinn) greindist \u00ed tvo flokka: Eingirnisles (Enkelbaandsgods) og tv\u00edgirnisles (Dobbelbaandgods). Eingirnislesi\u00f0 var lika kalla\u00f0 p\u00falsles e\u00f0a duggarales, \u00fea\u00f0 var unni\u00f0 \u00far gr\u00f3fu \u00f3tvinnu\u00f0u bandi. Duggaralesi\u00f0 var miklu algengara og hlaut nafn sitt af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 seldist mest til hollenskra duggara \u00e1 vorin en var allur gangur \u00e1 hvernig gekk a\u00f0 selja \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed kaupsta\u00f0 til \u00fatflutnings. Tv\u00edgirnislesi\u00f0, einnig nefnt sm\u00e1les e\u00f0a tv\u00edbandales, \u00fe\u00f3tti f\u00ednna og var unni\u00f0 \u00far f\u00ednu tvinnu\u00f0u bandi. \u00cd sm\u00e1lessendingum fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta 18. aldar er minnst \u00e1 belgvettlinga, venjulega ein\u00feumla en stundum tv\u00ed\u00feumla, fingravettlinga og fleira prj\u00f3nles. Duggaralesi\u00f0\/eingirnislesi\u00f0 var \u00fe\u00f3 miklu algengara. (J\u00f3n A\u00f0ils. 1971.)<\/font><\/p>\n

\"Vettlingatr\u00e9\"Sokkar og vettlingar voru \u00fe\u00e6f\u00f0ir og notu\u00f0 s\u00e9rst\u00f6k sokka- og vettlingatr\u00e9 til a\u00f0 m\u00f3ta pl\u00f6ggin \u00ed r\u00e9tta st\u00e6r\u00f0. Eitthva\u00f0 af af sokkatrj\u00e1m hefur var\u00f0veist h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi en engin vettlingatr\u00e9. Myndin af vettlingatr\u00e9 h\u00e9r til hli\u00f0ar er af sl\u00edku verkf\u00e6ri sem var til s\u00f6lu \u00e1 eBay<\/i> fyrir skemmstu og sagt gamalt. L\u00edklega hafa \u00edslensku vettlingatr\u00e9n liti\u00f0 einhvern veginn svolei\u00f0is \u00fat. Vettlinga og sokka \u00fe\u00e6f\u00f0u menn yfirleitt \u00ed h\u00f6ndunum\u00a0og skv. Niels Horrebow, sem rannsaka\u00f0i lifna\u00f0arh\u00e1ttu h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1749-51, var allt \u00fe\u00e6ft \u00ed keytu (st\u00e6ku hlandi) me\u00f0 miklu erfi\u00f0i og \u00e1 frumst\u00e6\u00f0an h\u00e1tt. (\u00c1slaug Sverrisd\u00f3ttir. 2004.) Horrebow segir reyndar a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar hafi n\u00fdtt heitar lindir (hveravatn) til a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6fa enda b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fe\u00f3fni hra\u00f0ar og pl\u00f6ggin ver\u00f0i hv\u00edtari me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed m\u00f3ti. Svo b\u00e6tir hann vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 menn \u00fe\u00e6fi stundum sokka og vettlinga me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sitja \u00e1 \u00feeim og aka s\u00e9r fram og aftur og til hli\u00f0ar; \u00feetta komist upp \u00ed vana og menn sitji \u00fev\u00ed og aki s\u00e9r \u00ed s\u00e6tinu \u00fe\u00f3tt ekkert s\u00e9 prj\u00f3naplaggi\u00f0 undir \u00feeim. (Horrebow, Niels. 1752.) L\u00edklega hefur Horrebow eitthva\u00f0 misskili\u00f0 ath\u00e6fi\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed vands\u00e9\u00f0 er hvernig h\u00e6gt er a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6fa plagg me\u00f0 rasskinnunum! Haft er eftir konu f\u00e6ddri 1841 a\u00f0 t\u00ed\u00f0kast hafi a\u00f0 ganga \u00feannig fr\u00e1 vestfirskum laufavi\u00f0arvettlingum: \u201e\u00deegar vettlingarnir voru b\u00fanir, voru \u00feeir l\u00f3a\u00f0ir, \u00fe\u00e6f\u00f0ir og sl\u00e9tta\u00f0ir me\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sitja \u00e1 \u00feeim, me\u00f0an \u00feeir \u00feornu\u00f0u \u00far \u00fe\u00f3finu.\u201c (J\u00f3hanna Kristj\u00e1nsd\u00f3ttir. 1973.) Kann a\u00f0 vera a\u00f0 \u00feessi si\u00f0ur s\u00e9 gamall og Niels Horrebow hafi s\u00e9\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 svipa\u00f0 r\u00famri \u00f6ld \u00e1\u00f0ur en misskili\u00f0. <\/font><\/p>\n

Lj\u00f3st er a\u00f0 prj\u00f3nlesi\u00f0 \u00edslenska var afar misjafnt a\u00f0 g\u00e6\u00f0um og var fr\u00e1 upphafi \u00fatflutnings talsvert kvarta\u00f0 undan sl\u00e6legum vinnubr\u00f6g\u00f0um \u00ed \u00edslensku prj\u00f3ni og reynt a\u00f0 setja reglur \u00fear um. Ein\u00feumla\u00f0ir vettlingar \u00e1ttu a\u00f0 vera h\u00e6filega st\u00f3rir, tv\u00ed\u00feumla vettlingar (sj\u00f3vettlingar) fullst\u00f3rir og vel r\u00f3nir, skv. d\u00f3mi um duggarasokka fr\u00e1 1606. (J\u00f3n A\u00f0ils. 1972.)\u00a0S\u00e9 prj\u00f3na\u00f0 laust \u00e1 gr\u00f3fa prj\u00f3na m\u00e1 dylja \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1g\u00e6tlega \u00feegar b\u00fai\u00f0 er a\u00f0 svell\u00fe\u00e6fa fl\u00edkina, eins ef prj\u00f3ni\u00f0 er misfast. \u00c1 hinn b\u00f3ginn slitnar svolei\u00f0is prj\u00f3nles miklu hra\u00f0ar en fastprj\u00f3na\u00f0. L\u00edklega hafa \u00cdslendingar ekki g\u00e6tt \u00feess a\u00f0 prj\u00f3na fast og jafnt og enn er veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 kvarta undan svolei\u00f0is vinnubr\u00f6g\u00f0um seint \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld:<\/font>
\n\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er annars eptirtektavert me\u00f0 tv\u00e6r \u00feessa s\u00ed\u00f0ast t\u00f6ldu v\u00f6ru tegundir [\u00fe.e. \u201esm\u00e1band og fingravetlinga\u201c] hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r hafa selst illa erlendis n\u00fa hin n\u00e6stli\u00f0nu \u00e1r, og hefir kaupstj\u00f3ri Gr\u00e1nufjelagsins f\u00e6rt oss heim sanninn um \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00feetta v\u00e6ri mest \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kenna hva\u00f0 varan hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 illa og \u00f3vandlega unnin. Fyrir fleiri \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0an seldust fingravetlingar og jafnvel sm\u00e1band fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 ver\u00f0 a\u00f0 t\u00f6luver\u00f0 atvinna var vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vinna \u00feessa t\u00f3v\u00f6ru enda var \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 stunda\u00f0 af allmiklu kappi hjer \u00e1 Nor\u00f0urlandi, en \u00fea\u00f0 var meini\u00f0 a\u00f0 ekki var jafnframt hugsa\u00f0 um a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta v\u00f6runa vaxa a\u00f0 g\u00e6\u00f0um sem vexti, heldur \u00fevert \u00e1 m\u00f3ti einungis hugsa\u00f0 um parafj\u00f6ldann og hvortveggi \u00feessar v\u00f6rur voru \u00fe\u00e1 ver unnar sem fleiri stundu\u00f0u \u00fea\u00f0, og meira var hugsa\u00f0 um a\u00f0 spara efni\u00f0. \u00c1 \u00feenna l\u00edtt-n\u00fdta t\u00f3skap komst svo \u00f3or\u00f0 og fyrirlitning svo hann h\u00e6tti a\u00f0 seljast, og hafa menn \u00feannig haft \u00fea\u00f0 fyrir \u00f3vandvirknina, a\u00f0 missa, a\u00f0 minnst kosti \u00ed br\u00e1\u00f0 \u00feess atvinnu, sem a\u00f0 v\u00edsu engan veginn gat heiti\u00f0 ar\u00f0mikil, en \u00fe\u00f3 var ska\u00f0i fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 missa, er ekkert anna\u00f0 g\u00e1tu gj\u00f6rt sjer a\u00f0 atvinnu \u00ed hins sta\u00f0.<\/font>
\n(\u00deingeyingur. 1880.)<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Prj\u00f3na\u00f0ir sokkar seldust fyrir miklu h\u00e6rra ver\u00f0 en vettlingar fr\u00e1 upphafi \u00fatflutnings. Sem d\u00e6mi m\u00e1 nefna a\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0 1616 jafngiltu: 24 duggarasokkar = 72 p\u00f6r vettlingar = 48 p\u00f6r valdari vettlingar = 1 hundra\u00f0 fiskar.\u00a0 \u00c1ri\u00f0 1684 jafngiltu \u00ferj\u00fa vettlingap\u00f6r einu sokkapari. (\u00deorkell J\u00f3hannesson. 1943.) Samt kepptust menn vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 prj\u00f3na vettlinga uns kaupmenn s\u00f6g\u00f0u stopp:<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd byrjun 18 aldar f\u00f3ru \u00cdslendingar a\u00f0 vinna miklu meira af vetlingum en sokkum, hvernig sem \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hefur sta\u00f0i\u00f0, en kaupmenn voru har\u00f0\u00f3\u00e1n\u00e6g\u00f0ir me\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 og fengu \u00fev\u00ed r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingum var banna\u00f0 a\u00f0 vinna meira af vetlingum en til fimtunga vi\u00f0 sokkana, og h\u00e9lzt \u00fea\u00f0 upp fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed.<\/font>
\n(J\u00f3n A\u00f0ils. 1971.)<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00cd ver\u00f0lagsskr\u00e1 fr\u00e1 1861 kemur vel fram a\u00f0 enn borga\u00f0i sig engan veginn a\u00f0 prj\u00f3na vettlinga til s\u00f6lu, sokkar voru mun v\u00e6nlegri: Fyrir sj\u00f3vettlinga fengust a\u00f0eins 8 skildingar en fyrir eingirnissokka (duggarasokka) fengust 29 1\/2 skildingur, 45 skildingar fyrir tv\u00edbandssokka. (Ver\u00f0lagsskr\u00e1r. 1861.)<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Hvernig voru vettlingarnir?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

Fyrir utan f\u00e1t\u00e6klegar minjar sem fundist hafa, eins og vettlingana \u00e1 St\u00f3ru-Borg og Berg\u00fe\u00f3rshvoli\u00a0sem minnst var \u00e1 \u00ed upphafi, er n\u00e6sta l\u00edti\u00f0 vita\u00f0 hvernig vettlingar h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi voru gegnum t\u00ed\u00f0ina e\u00f0a hvernig vettlinga \u00cdslendingar seldu \u00fat. Vettlingar eru \u00feannig fl\u00edkur a\u00f0 \u00feeim var sliti\u00f0 upp til agna og leifar \u00feeirra f\u00e1t\u00ed\u00f0ar. \u00de\u00f3 m\u00e1 e.t.v sj\u00e1 v\u00edsbendingar um vettlingat\u00edsku s\u00e9u sko\u00f0u\u00f0 g\u00f6mul m\u00e1lverk.<\/font><\/p>\n

\"Hj\u00f3n<\/a>\"Vettlingar<\/a>\u00c1 myndinni h\u00e9r til hli\u00f0ar sj\u00e1st l\u00edklega hei\u00f0urshj\u00f3nin \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ur J\u00f3nsson og Gu\u00f0n\u00fd Einarsd\u00f3ttir, sem bjuggu \u00ed St\u00f3ra-Laugardal \u00ed T\u00e1lknafir\u00f0i um og fyrir aldam\u00f3tin 1700. Myndirnar skreyta tvo kirkjubekki sem n\u00fa eru \u00e1 \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafni \u00cdslands. B\u00e6\u00f0i eru \u00feau sparikl\u00e6dd og Gu\u00f0n\u00fd h\u00fasfreyja heldur \u00e1 m\u00f3rau\u00f0um vettlingum \u201eme\u00f0 h\u00e1um svartbekkj\u00f3ttum (flosu\u00f0um?) l\u00f6skum \u00ed vinstri hendi.\u201c (Elsa E. Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. 1994.) <\/b>Smelltu \u00e1 myndina til a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 st\u00f3ra mynd af vettlingum Gu\u00f0n\u00fdjar.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 sj\u00e1 af m\u00e1lu\u00f0u myndinni hvort Gu\u00f0n\u00fd heldur \u00e1 prj\u00f3nu\u00f0um e\u00f0a saumu\u00f0um vettlingum en \u00ed lj\u00f3si \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00ed \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafninu \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn eru var\u00f0veittir prj\u00f3na\u00f0ir fingravettlingar fr\u00e1 sautj\u00e1ndu og\/e\u00f0a \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld sem eru mj\u00f6g svipa\u00f0ir \u00feessum (sj\u00e1 myndina til h\u00e6gri sem kr\u00e6kir \u00ed myndas\u00fdningu me\u00f0 st\u00f3rum myndum af d\u00f6nsku vettlingunum) og a\u00f0 Gunnister-vettlingarnir skosku<\/a>, fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed seint \u00e1 17. \u00f6ld, eru einnig svipa\u00f0ir \u00ed laginu m\u00e1 allt eins gera \u00fev\u00ed sk\u00f3na a\u00f0 Gu\u00f0n\u00fd h\u00fasfreyja \u00ed T\u00e1lknafir\u00f0i hafi \u00e1tt prj\u00f3na\u00f0a vettlinga skv. t\u00edsku \u00feeirra t\u00edma. H\u00fan hefur e.t.v. ekki haft lag \u00e1 a\u00f0 prj\u00f3na s\u00e9r fingravettlinga en hefur haldi\u00f0 h\u00e1u uppsl\u00f6gunum\/l\u00f6skunum og kannski flosa\u00f0 (afbrig\u00f0i af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 r\u00fdja) rendurnar efst til a\u00f0 gera vettlingana enn f\u00ednni.<\/font><\/p>\n

\"Kona<\/a>T\u00e6pri \u00f6ld s\u00ed\u00f0ar eru svona vettlingar e\u00f0a hanskar me\u00f0 h\u00e1um uppsl\u00f6gum enn \u00ed t\u00edsku \u00e1 \u00cdslandi ef marka m\u00e1 m\u00e1lverk John Cleveley yngr<\/a>i fr\u00e1 1772 af \u00edslenskri konu \u00ed rei\u00f0f\u00f6tum. (S\u00e9 smellt \u00e1 myndina til h\u00e6gri kemur upp st\u00e6rri mynd af h\u00f6nskunum hennar.) Cleveley var \u00ed f\u00f6runeyti Joseph Banks sem heims\u00f3tti \u00cdsland \u00feetta \u00e1r. Rei\u00f0konan pr\u00fa\u00f0b\u00fana \u00e1 myndinni er l\u00edklega kl\u00e6dd saumu\u00f0um vettlingum, me\u00f0 \u00fatsaumu\u00f0um e\u00f0a bald\u00fdru\u00f0um uppsl\u00f6gum og myndarlegu k\u00f6gri. \u00c9g veit ekki hversu sennilegur \u00feessi b\u00faningur er en h\u00fan er a.m.k. \u00ed hef\u00f0bundnum sau\u00f0skinnssk\u00f3m \u00e1 myndinni.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt Gu\u00f0n\u00fd Einarsd\u00f3ttir \u00ed St\u00f3ra-Laugardal hafi \u00feurft a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta s\u00e9r prj\u00f3na\u00f0a vettlinga n\u00e6gja var ekki svo um h\u00e1ttsettar konur. \u00cd skr\u00e1 yfir \u00fe\u00e1 muni sem Margr\u00e9t Halld\u00f3rsd\u00f3ttir, d\u00e1in 21. j\u00fal\u00ed 1670, kona Brynj\u00f3lfs biskups Sveinssonar<\/a>, l\u00e9t eftir sig eru m.a. taldir upp \u201efernir hanzkar, einir hv\u00edtir, einir bald\u00fdra\u00f0ir, einir svart-bald\u00fdra\u00f0ir og einir me\u00f0 gullv\u00edrsbor\u00f0um.\u201c (J\u00f3n A\u00f0ils 1971, nmgr. s. 457.) J\u00f3n A\u00f0ils segir: \u201e[- – -] hefur h\u00fan \u00fe\u00f3 v\u00edst eigi veri\u00f0 neitt s\u00e9rlega tildurs\u00f6m e\u00f0a skrautgj\u00f6rn\u201c og v\u00edst er a\u00f0 Brynj\u00f3lfur biskup gekk sj\u00e1lfur \u00e6t\u00ed\u00f0 \u00ed heimaunnum va\u00f0m\u00e1lsf\u00f6tum til a\u00f0 setja al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0unni gott ford\u00e6mi. (\u00c6sa Sigurj\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir. 2004.) Kannski hafa hanskar Margr\u00e9tar biskupsfr\u00faar l\u00edkst eitthva\u00f0 h\u00f6nskum pr\u00fa\u00f0b\u00fanu rei\u00f0konunnar sem John Cleveley m\u00e1la\u00f0i \u00f6ld eftir l\u00e1t Margr\u00e9tar.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cdslenskir tv\u00ed\u00feumla vettlingar<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\"\ufffdslenskur\u00c1 bygg\u00f0as\u00f6fnum hringinn \u00ed kringum landi\u00f0 m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 tv\u00ed\u00feumla sj\u00f3vettlinga fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed seint \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld til byrjun tuttugustu aldar. Svolei\u00f0is vettlinga m\u00e1 og sj\u00e1 \u00e1 s\u00f6fnum erlendis og oftar en ekki eru \u00feeir sag\u00f0ir \u00edslenskir en raunar bendir margt til a\u00f0 a\u00f0rar \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0ir sem seldu r\u00edkulega af prj\u00f3nlesi \u00e1 svipu\u00f0um marka\u00f0i og \u00cdslendingar hafi prj\u00f3na\u00f0 eins vettlingar, t.a.m. eru tv\u00ed\u00feumla vettlingar me\u00f0al \u00feess sem J\u00f3tar prj\u00f3nu\u00f0u til s\u00f6lu. (McGregor, Sheila. 1984.) \u00c1\u00a0J\u00f3tlandi r\u00edkti \u00e1l\u00edka barna\u00fer\u00e6lkun \u00ed prj\u00f3ni og h\u00e9rlendis og allir sem vettlingi g\u00e1tu valdi\u00f0 prj\u00f3nu\u00f0u, \u00fe\u00e6f\u00f0u og seldu.\u00a0H\u00e9r m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 s\u00e6nska tv\u00ed\u00feumla vettlinga<\/a>, l\u00edklega innan vi\u00f0 aldar gamla, og h\u00e9r norska tv\u00ed\u00feumla sj\u00f3vettlinga<\/a> en myndin til\u00a0h\u00e6gri er af \u00edslenskum tv\u00ed\u00feumla vettlingi \u00e1 \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafninu \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn.<\/font><\/p>\n

Tv\u00ed\u00feumla sj\u00f3vettlingar voru, eins og anna\u00f0 \u00edslenskt prj\u00f3nles, \u00fe\u00e6f\u00f0ir vandlega og \u00feurrka\u00f0ir og m\u00f3ta\u00f0ir \u00e1 vettlingatrj\u00e1m \u201eog voru sm\u00e1tr\u00e9 sett \u00ed \u00feumlana\u201c. (J\u00f3nas J\u00f3nasson. 1961.) \u00deeir h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00feann kost a\u00f0 \u00feegar annar \u00feumallinn slitna\u00f0i, af r\u00f3\u00f0ri og volki, m\u00e1tti sn\u00faa vettlingnum og br\u00faka hinn \u00feumalinn \u00f3slitinn. Leitt hefur veri\u00f0 getum a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sj\u00f3vettlingar hafi einmitt \u00e1tt a\u00f0 vera \u00f3\u00fearflega langir, \u201efullst\u00f3rir\u201c, \u00fev\u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 m\u00e1tti brj\u00f3ta endann inn \u00ed l\u00f3fann til hl\u00fdinda. (Tilvitnun \u00ed Fred Hocker, starfsmann Vasa safnsins \u00ed Stokkh\u00f3lmi, \u00e1 vefs\u00ed\u00f0unni Ready to wear (1640s style)<\/a><\/i>. \u00deegar fiskimenn \u00ed nyrstu h\u00e9ru\u00f0um Noregs (Nordland og Troms) ger\u00f0u sig kl\u00e1ra \u00e1 fiskvei\u00f0ar \u00ed Lofoten prj\u00f3nu\u00f0u konurnar \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 sj\u00f3vettlinga \u00fat bestu ullinni, laust spunninni og l\u00edtt tvinna\u00f0ri, \u00e1 gr\u00f3fa prj\u00f3na. Sj\u00f3vettlingarnar voru haf\u00f0ir \u00ferefalt st\u00e6rri en venjulegir vettlingar \u00fev\u00ed \u00feeir \u00e1ttu a\u00f0 f\u00e1 endanlega l\u00f6gun vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6fingu, anna\u00f0 hvort \u00ed s\u00f3da- e\u00f0a s\u00e1puvatni – \u00ed fiskis\u00fapu \u00e1 st\u00f6ku sta\u00f0. (Nielsen, Ann M\u00f8ller. 1988.) <\/font>Eins og fyrr var sagt \u00e1ttu \u00edslenskir sj\u00f3vettlingar a\u00f0 vera vel r\u00f3nir. Niels Horrebow l\u00fdsti a\u00f0fer\u00f0inni \u00feannig: \u201e\u00deeir sem r\u00f3a \u00fat \u00e1 sj\u00f3 kl\u00e6\u00f0ast vettlingunum, d\u00fdfa \u00feeim \u00f6\u00f0ru hvoru \u00ed hafi\u00f0 og \u00fe\u00e6fa \u00fe\u00e1 \u00feannig um lei\u00f0 og \u00feeir r\u00f3a, milli handanna og \u00e1ranna – og \u00feurfa ekkert a\u00f0 hafa fyrir \u00feessu anna\u00f0 en a\u00f0 r\u00f3a.\u201c (Horrebow, Niels. 1752.)<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00a0 <\/font><\/p>\n

\"Tv\ufffd\u00feumla<\/a>\"Tv\ufffd\u00feumla<\/a>Ef marka m\u00e1 fyrri t\u00ed\u00f0ar myndverk voru hvunndagsvettlingar karla almennt tv\u00ed\u00feumla, \u00feurfti ekki sj\u00f3menn til. Til\u00a0vinstri er b\u00fatur \u00far m\u00e1lverki John Cleveley yngri af h\u00fasi og umhverfi \u00feess vi\u00f0 ja\u00f0ar Gar\u00f0ahrauns 1772. \u00c1 annarri teikningu ger\u00f0ri \u00ed f\u00f6r Banks hinga\u00f0 til lands 1772 s\u00e9st l\u00edtil stelpa \u00ed tv\u00ed\u00feumla vettlingi. (B\u00e1\u00f0ar myndirnar kr\u00e6kja \u00ed st\u00e6rri \u00fatg\u00e1fur.)<\/font><\/p>\n

Tv\u00ed\u00feumla vettlingar hafa stundum komi\u00f0 erlendum fer\u00f0am\u00f6nnum sp\u00e1nskt fyrir sj\u00f3nir, t.d.\u00a0\u00feessari ensku fr\u00fa\u00a0sem fer\u00f0a\u00f0ist um \u00cdsland laust fyrir 1890:<\/p>\n

\u00deessir vettlingar […] eru ger\u00f0ir eins barnsvettlingar, me\u00f0 \u00feumal beggja vegna; og ef l\u00f3fi vettlingsins slitnar \u00feegar karlma\u00f0urinn r\u00e6r e\u00f0a stundar a\u00f0ra erfi\u00f0a vinnu, sn\u00fdr hann honum einfaldlega og notar hinn \u00feumalinn. \u00deessir vettlingar eru venjulega prj\u00f3na\u00f0ir \u00far gr\u00e1rri ull, \u00feumlarnir haf\u00f0i hv\u00edtir, og \u00far fjarl\u00e6g\u00f0 l\u00edkjast \u00feeir kan\u00ednuhaus me\u00f0 l\u00f6ngum eyrum.\u00a0<\/font>(Tweedie, Alec. 1894.)<\/font>\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

P.S. \u00der\u00ed\u00feumla vettlingar t\u00ed\u00f0ku\u00f0ust \u00e1 mi\u00f0\u00f6ldum \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu og eitthva\u00f0 lengur. Saga \u00feeirra er rakin h\u00e9r<\/a> og finna m\u00e1 fleiri myndir \u00e1 \u00feessari s\u00ed\u00f0u<\/a> me\u00f0 lei\u00f0beiningum fyrir mi\u00f0aldahlutverkaleiki e\u00f0a \u00e1 teikningu Breu fr\u00e1 1535-30<\/a> \u00e1 British Museum. M\u00e9r vitanlega eru engar heimildir um a\u00f0 svolei\u00f0is vettlingar hafi veri\u00f0 nota\u00f0ir \u00e1 \u00cdslandi.<\/font>
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\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Um \u00fatsauma\u00f0a og \u00fatprj\u00f3na\u00f0a vettlinga ver\u00f0ur fjalla\u00f0 \u00ed n\u00e6stu f\u00e6rslu.<\/font><\/b>
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\n\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Heimildir <\/b>a\u00f0rar en vefs\u00ed\u00f0ur sem kr\u00e6kt er \u00ed:<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00c1slaug Sverrisd\u00f3ttir. T\u00f3skapur. Ullarvinna \u00ed b\u00e6ndasamf\u00e9laginu. Hlutavelta t\u00edmans. Menningararfur \u00e1 \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafni<\/i>. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafn \u00cdslands. 2004, s.197-203.<\/font><\/p>\n

Elsa E. Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson: Um prj\u00f3n \u00e1 \u00cdslandi. Hugur og h\u00f6nd<\/i> 1985, s. 8-12.<\/font><\/p>\n

Elsa E. Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. F\u00e1g\u00e6ti \u00far fylgsnum jar\u00f0ar. Sk\u00edrnir. T\u00edmarit hins \u00edslenska b\u00f3kmenntaf\u00e9lags. <\/i>166:1, vor 1992, s. 7-40.<\/font><\/p>\n

Elsa E. Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. Kirkjubekkir fr\u00e1 St\u00f3ra-Laugardal. Gersemar og \u00fearfa\u00feing. \u00dar 130 \u00e1ra s\u00f6gu \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafns \u00cdslands<\/em>. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafn \u00cdslands og Hi\u00f0 \u00edslenska b\u00f3kmenntaf\u00e9lag. 1994, s. 144-145.<\/font><\/p>\n

Horrebow, Niels. Tilforladelige Efterretninger om Island med et nyt Landkort og 2 Aars Meteorologiske Observationer<\/a><\/i>. 1752, s. 333-4. A\u00f0gengileg \u00e1 Google books <\/i>og kr\u00e6kt \u00ed hana \u00fear.<\/font><\/p>\n

J\u00f3hanna Kristj\u00e1nsd\u00f3ttir. Vestfirzkir laufavi\u00f0arvettlingar. Hugur og h\u00f6nd<\/em> 1973, s. 14-15.<\/font><\/p>\n

J\u00f3nas J\u00f3nasson fr\u00e1 Hrafnagili. \u00cdslenzkir \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0h\u00e6ttir<\/i>, \u00feri\u00f0ja \u00fatg\u00e1fa 1961. \u00cdsafoldarprentsmi\u00f0ja, Reykjav\u00edk. B\u00f3kin var fyrst gefin \u00fat 1934.<\/font><\/p>\n

Sara Bertha \u00deorsteinsd\u00f3ttir og Valger\u00f0ur Krist\u00edn Sigur\u00f0ard\u00f3ttir. Prj\u00f3n.\u00a0 Hugur og h\u00f6nd<\/i> 1984, s. 10-13.<\/font><\/p>\n

McGregor, Sheila. The Complete Book of Traditional Scandinavian Knitting<\/i>. B.T. Batsford Ltd., London. 1984.<\/font><\/p>\n

Nielsen, Ann M\u00f8ller. Alverdens strikning – historie og teknik<\/em>. Forlaged Ariadne, Fredericia. 1988<\/font><\/p>\n

Tweedie, Alec. A Girl’s Ride in Iceland. London<\/a><\/em>. 1894, \u00f6nnur \u00fatg\u00e1fa. B\u00f3kin er a\u00f0gengileg \u00e1 Gutenberg.org og er kr\u00e6kt \u00ed hana \u00fear. <\/font><\/p>\n

Ver\u00f0lagsskr\u00e1r<\/a>. \u00cdslendingur<\/i>, 8. mars 1861, s. 182.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00deorkell J\u00f3hannesson. Ullari\u00f0na\u00f0ur. I\u00f0nsaga \u00cdslands<\/i>, s\u00ed\u00f0ara bindi, s. 135-153. Ritstj\u00f3ri Gu\u00f0mundur Finnbogason. I\u00f0na\u00f0armannaf\u00e9lagi\u00f0 \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk. 1943.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00deingeyingur. Nokkur or\u00f0 um v\u00f6ruv\u00f6ndun og v\u00f6rumat<\/a>. Nor\u00f0anfari<\/i> 16. j\u00fan\u00ed 1880, s. 80<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/font>
\n\u00c6sa Sigurj\u00f3nsd\u00f3ttir. Kl\u00e6\u00f0na\u00f0ur og t\u00edska. Breytingar \u00e1 fatna\u00f0i \u00ed ellefu aldir<\/a>. Hlutavelta t\u00edmans. Menningararfur \u00e1 \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafni<\/i>. \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafn \u00cdslands, 2004, s. 236-245. Greinina m\u00e1 einnig finna \u00e1 vef \u00dej\u00f3\u00f0minjasafns og er kr\u00e6kt \u00ed hana h\u00e9r.<\/font>
\n\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00a0Svo skemmtilega vill til a\u00f0 elsta prj\u00f3nles sem fundist hefur \u00e1 \u00cdslandi er einmitt vettlingur:\u00a0 \u00a0 \u00c1ri\u00f0 1981 fannst sl\u00e9ttprj\u00f3na\u00f0ur ein\u00feumla belgvettlingur \u00ed uppgreftri a\u00f0 St\u00f3ru-Borg undir Austur-Eyjafj\u00f6llum. Hann er l\u00edklega fr\u00e1 fyrri hluta 16. …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-495","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saga-prjons"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=495"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":590,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/495\/revisions\/590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=495"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=495"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=495"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}