{"id":502,"date":"2013-04-25T19:01:32","date_gmt":"2013-04-25T19:01:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/harpa.blogg.is\/2013-04-25\/danskar-gedlaekningar-1850-1920\/"},"modified":"2013-11-19T09:46:34","modified_gmt":"2013-11-19T09:46:34","slug":"danskar-gedlaekningar-1850-1920","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2013\/04\/25\/danskar-gedlaekningar-1850-1920\/","title":{"rendered":"Danskar ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar 1850-1920"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00deessi f\u00e6rsla er framhald af Ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar og ge\u00f0veiki for\u00f0um<\/a> og fjallar um danskar ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar \u00e1 seinni hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar fram \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 tuttugustu. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e9g hef s\u00e9rstakan \u00e1huga \u00e1 s\u00f6gu danskra ge\u00f0l\u00e6kninga er a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 er \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 skilja upphaf ge\u00f0l\u00e6kninga \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld, nema vita eitthva\u00f0 um hugmyndaheiminn sem \u00fe\u00e6r spruttu \u00far. \u00deess vegna legg \u00e9g\u00a0 \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 geta \u00feess hugmyndaheims sem \u00e6tla m\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ur Sveinsson, fyrsti starfandi ge\u00f0l\u00e6knirinn \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, hafi kynnst \u00e1 n\u00e1ms\u00e1ri s\u00ednu 1905-6 \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku. Og raunar g\u00e6tir \u00e1hrifa fr\u00e1 d\u00f6nskum ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningum fram undir mi\u00f0ja tuttugustu \u00f6ld h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, ef ekki enn lengur.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Skyldur r\u00edkisins vi\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00faka og hugmyndin um ge\u00f0veikrah\u00e6li (asyl)<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

Fyrir mi\u00f0ja n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld voru ge\u00f0veikrah\u00e6li fyrst og fremst hugsu\u00f0 til a\u00f0 taka \u00fe\u00e1 ge\u00f0sj\u00faklinga sem voru h\u00e6ttulegir \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00far umfer\u00f0. En laust fyrir 1850 ver\u00f0ur s\u00fa breyting \u00e1 a\u00f0 fari\u00f0 er a\u00f0 sinna ge\u00f0sj\u00fakum markvisst \u00fe\u00f3tt ekki \u00fe\u00e6ttu \u00feeir h\u00e6ttulegir. Vi\u00f0horfsbreytingin kom ekki hva\u00f0 s\u00edst fram \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00faklingar voru ekki lengur flokka\u00f0ir \u00ed h\u00e6ttulega – ekki h\u00e6ttulega heldur \u00ed l\u00e6knanlega – \u00f3l\u00e6knanlega. \u00de\u00e1 l\u00e6knanlegu skyldi l\u00e6kna \u00e1 s\u00e9rh\u00e6f\u00f0um stofnunum \u00fear sem beitt v\u00e6ri l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0ilega vi\u00f0urkenndum r\u00e1\u00f0um og byggt \u00e1 l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0ilegum kenningum. \u00de\u00e1 \u00f3l\u00e6knanlegu skyldi\u00a0vista \u00e1 s\u00f6mu stofnunum. \u00c1byrg\u00f0 \u00e1 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakum f\u00e6r\u00f0ist \u00fe.a.l. \u00ed miklum m\u00e6li fr\u00e1 fj\u00f6lskyldunni til r\u00edkisins og\u00a0var fest \u00ed l\u00f6g.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00deessa breyttu hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i var\u00f0andi ge\u00f0sj\u00faka m\u00e1 rekja til margra hugmyndastrauma \u00feessara t\u00edma. En til a\u00f0 stytta m\u00e1l m\u00e1 kannski beina sj\u00f3num a\u00f0 ge\u00f0l\u00e6kninum Haraldi Selmer<\/a>, sem stundum er kalla\u00f0ur fa\u00f0ir danskra ge\u00f0l\u00e6kninga. A\u00f0 mati Selmer voru Danir aftarlega \u00e1 merinni \u00feegar kom a\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakum enda hef\u00f0u \u00feeir ekki fylgst me\u00f0 n\u00fdjustu stefnum og straumum \u00ed Evr\u00f3pu. Hann taldi a\u00f0 me\u00f0fer\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakra hef\u00f0i h\u00e6gt og b\u00edtandi or\u00f0i\u00f0 mann\u00fa\u00f0legri en miki\u00f0 skorti \u00e1 a\u00f0 menn ger\u00f0u s\u00e9r almennt grein fyrir a\u00f0 ge\u00f0veiki v\u00e6ri sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur og sem sl\u00edkur oft l\u00e6knanlegur. Sko\u00f0unum s\u00ednum l\u00fdsti Selmer \u00ed ritverkinu Almindelige Grunds\u00e6tninger for Daarev\u00e6senets Indr\u00e6tning<\/i>, sem kom \u00fat \u00e1ri\u00f0 1846 og haf\u00f0i mikil \u00e1hrif.<\/font><\/p>\n

Selmer haf\u00f0i \u00e1kve\u00f0nar hugmyndir um hvers lags sj\u00fakrastofnanir hentu\u00f0u ge\u00f0sj\u00fakum og vildi kalla \u00fe\u00e6r h\u00e6li (asyl). Hann bygg\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e6r raunar \u00e1 hugmyndum franska ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisins Jean \u00c9tienne Esquirol<\/a> (1172-1840.) H\u00e6lin \u00e1ttu a\u00f0 vera uppi \u00ed sveit, til a\u00f0 verja sj\u00faklingana fyrir forvitnum augum, afskiptum \u00e6ttingja og a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um e\u00f0a samskiptum sem \u00fdttu undir sj\u00fakd\u00f3minn. \u00dea\u00f0 var mikilv\u00e6gt a\u00f0 h\u00e6lin v\u00e6ru \u00ed f\u00f6gru umhverfi \u00fev\u00ed margir sj\u00faklingar hlytu b\u00f3t af \u201efegur\u00f0 n\u00e1tt\u00farunnar … fri\u00f0s\u00e6lu umhverfi og breytilegu landslagi\u201c sag\u00f0i Selmer \u00ed fyrrnefndu riti. Loks taldi hann a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 kost a\u00f0 h\u00e6lin l\u00e6gju a\u00f0 sj\u00f3 svo n\u00fdta m\u00e6tti sj\u00f3b\u00f6\u00f0 \u00ed me\u00f0fer\u00f0 sj\u00faklinganna. \u00c1 h\u00e6lunum skyldi reka b\u00faskap og sinna r\u00e6ktun \u00fev\u00ed vinna var ge\u00f0sj\u00fakum holl, l\u00edkamleg \u00e1reynsla var hluti af l\u00edkamlegri (s\u00f3mat\u00edskri) l\u00e6kningaa\u00f0fer\u00f0um. Selmer sag\u00f0i a\u00f0 vinna v\u00e6ri a\u00f0alatri\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed me\u00f0fer\u00f0inni \u00fev\u00ed h\u00fan styrkti \u201eSelvf\u00f8lelse og moralske Bevidshed\u201c sj\u00faklinganna. \u00deessi sko\u00f0un \u00e1 gildi vinnunnar sem l\u00e6kningara\u00f0fer\u00f0ar var r\u00edkjandi langt fram \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld.<\/font><\/p>\n

Harald Selmer var\u00f0 fyrsti yfirl\u00e6knirinn \u00e1 Jydske Asyl (einnig kalla\u00f0 Aarhus sindsygeanstalt\u00a0 e\u00f0a Sindsygeanstalten i Risskov, \u00e1 opinberum papp\u00edrum h\u00e9t stofnunin Sindsygeanstalten for N\u00f8rre-Jylland) \u00feegar \u00fea\u00f0 var stofna\u00f0 1852. Jydske Asyl var fyrsta sj\u00fakrastofnunin sem var s\u00e9rstaklega bygg\u00f0 fyrir me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlun ge\u00f0sj\u00fakra en fleiri fylgdu \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0; \u00c1 \u00e1runum 1852-1915 voru stofna\u00f0ir 5 st\u00f3rir ge\u00f0sp\u00edtalar\/h\u00e6li \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar vilja vera l\u00e6knar me\u00f0 l\u00e6knum<\/font><\/b>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar \u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku einkenndust talsvert af str\u00f6ggli ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 vera taldir til l\u00e6kna, \u00fe.e.a.s. \u00fea\u00f0 var n\u00e1nast r\u00f3i\u00f0 l\u00edfr\u00f3\u00f0ur\u00a0a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 gera ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar a\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkenndri l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i. En r\u00f3\u00f0urinn s\u00f3ttist seint og var oft \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0um erfi\u00f0ur. Segja m\u00e1 a\u00f0 barist hafi veri\u00f0 \u00e1 tvennum v\u00edgst\u00f6\u00f0vum; Annars vegar reyndu ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar a\u00f0 sannf\u00e6ra kollega s\u00edna \u00ed l\u00e6knast\u00e9tt um a\u00f0 ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar v\u00e6ru jafngildar \u00f6\u00f0rum l\u00e6knisa\u00f0fer\u00f0um og hins vegar a\u00f0 and\u00e6fa \u00feeirri sko\u00f0un a\u00f0 a\u00f0rir en ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar g\u00e6tu greint ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma; S\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda str\u00ed\u00f0i\u00f0 var\u00a0einkum h\u00e1\u00f0 gegn leikm\u00f6nnum, t.d. fj\u00f6lskyldum ge\u00f0sj\u00fakra.<\/font><\/p>\n

\"KennariFyrst og fremst l\u00f6g\u00f0u ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar \u00e1 \u00feessu t\u00edmabili \u00feunga \u00e1herslu \u00e1 a\u00f0 ge\u00f0veiki v\u00e6ri l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegur sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur. Christian Geill or\u00f0a\u00f0i \u00feetta \u00feannig 1899: \u201eAndlegur sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur er alltaf sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur \u00ed heilanum, alveg eins og lungnab\u00f3lga er sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur \u00ed lungum.\u201c S\u00e1lin var ekki \u00e1 k\u00f6nnu ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna, e\u00f0a eins og Knud Pontoppidan, yfirl\u00e6knir \u00e1 tauga-og ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3madeildinni (svokalla\u00f0ri \u201eSjette afdeling\u201c) \u00e1 Kommunehospitalet \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn sag\u00f0i 1891: \u201e… \u00fea\u00f0 sem vi\u00f0 f\u00e1umst vi\u00f0 sem l\u00e6knar er l\u00edkaminn; s\u00e9 til eitthva\u00f0 sem nefnist sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar s\u00e1larinnar getum vi\u00f0 ekki gert neitt vi\u00f0 \u00feeim. Neikv\u00e6\u00f0 og j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0 s\u00e1larleg einkenni eru \u00ed okkar augum einungis t\u00e1kn um hva\u00f0 s\u00e9 ekki \u00ed lagi og hva\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00ed lagi \u00ed \u00e6\u00f0sta taugasetrinu.\u201c<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00dearf varla a\u00f0 taka fram a\u00f0 talsvert fram \u00e1 tuttugustu \u00f6ld \u00e1ttu kenningar Freud ekki upp \u00e1 pallbor\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku og voru yfirleitt hunsa\u00f0ar me\u00f0 \u00f6llu. Vegna samhengis vi\u00f0 upphaf \u00edslenskra ge\u00f0l\u00e6kninga vek \u00e9g athygli \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 danskir fram\u00e1menn \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningum h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00e1 hinn b\u00f3ginn mikinn \u00e1huga \u00e1 sp\u00edritisma. Me\u00f0al f\u00e9laga danska s\u00e1larranns\u00f3knaf\u00e9lagsins (Selskabet for Psykisk Forening) \u00e1ri\u00f0 1905 var Alexander Friedenreich, yfirl\u00e6knir \u00e1 \u201eSjette afdeling\u201c (ge\u00f0deildinni) \u00e1 Kommunehospitalet \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn 1898-1918 og\u00a0 pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningum vi\u00f0 Kaupmannahafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la 1916-19. S\u00ed\u00f0armeir gengu fleiri \u00e1hrifamiklir ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar \u00ed f\u00e9lagi\u00f0, t.d. eftirma\u00f0ur Friedenreich, August Wimmer (yfirl\u00e6knir \u00e1 \u201eSjette afdeling\u201c og pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningum fr\u00e1 1920). \u00deessir ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar s\u00e1tu \u00f6\u00f0ru hvoru \u00ed stj\u00f3rn danska s\u00e1larranns\u00f3knarf\u00e9lagsins. (Kragh, Jesper Vaczy. 2003.) En me\u00f0fram \u00fe\u00e1tt\u00f6ku \u00ed f\u00e9laginu gagnr\u00fdndu \u00feessir \u00e1hrifamiklu ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar sp\u00edritisma stundum, t.d. h\u00e9lt Friedenreich \u00fev\u00ed fram \u00ed grein \u00e1ri\u00f0 1908 a\u00f0 mi\u00f0ilsfundir g\u00e6tu orsaka\u00f0 ge\u00f0rof. (Kragh, Jesper Vaczy. \u00d3t\u00edmasett.)<\/font><\/p>\n

Myndin er af Alexander Friedenreich. Friedenreich heldur \u00e1 tilraunaglasi me\u00f0 v\u00f6kva \u00ed, sem a\u00f0 s\u00f6gn greinarh\u00f6fundar \u00ed Psykiatriens historie i Danmark<\/i> \u00e1 a\u00f0 undirstrika a\u00f0 ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar v\u00e6ru v\u00edsindalegar ekki s\u00ed\u00f0ur en a\u00f0rar undirgreinar l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i.<\/font><\/p>\n

En \u00fea\u00f0 var \u00ferautin \u00feyngri a\u00f0 s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 ge\u00f0veiki v\u00e6ri l\u00edkamleg e\u00f0a af l\u00edkamlegum ors\u00f6kum. \u00c1hugi \u00e1 krufningum j\u00f3kst mj\u00f6g en ekkert s\u00e1st \u00e1 heilum ge\u00f0sj\u00faklinga. \u00de\u00f3 voru menn stundum \u00e1 r\u00e9ttri lei\u00f0, t.d. Valdemar Steenberg, yfirl\u00e6knir \u00e1 Sct. Hans ge\u00f0sj\u00fakrah\u00fasinu laust eftir mi\u00f0ja n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld, sem lag\u00f0i allt kapp \u00e1 a\u00f0 sanna tengslin milli s\u00fdfilissmits og ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3msins dementia paralytica og t\u00f3kst a\u00f0 s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 tengsl \u00fe\u00f3tt t\u00e6knin v\u00e6ri frumst\u00e6\u00f0 og ekki v\u00e6ri h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 greina s\u00fdfilisbakter\u00eduna \u00ed heilavef fyrr en \u00e1ratugum s\u00ed\u00f0ar. (Dementia paralytica er lokastig s\u00fdfilis og um 20% sj\u00faklinga \u00e1 d\u00f6nskum ge\u00f0veikrah\u00e6lum voru haldnir \u00feessum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mi.)<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00dar \u00fev\u00ed ekki t\u00f3kst a\u00f0 s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 a\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar v\u00e6ru l\u00edkamlegir var tekinn annar p\u00f3ll \u00ed h\u00e6\u00f0ina til a\u00f0 f\u00e6ra ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i n\u00e6r vi\u00f0urkenndri l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i, nefnilega a\u00f0 flokka ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma \u00e1 v\u00edsindalegan h\u00e1tt (eins og a\u00f0rir l\u00e6knar flokku\u00f0u l\u00edkamlega kvilla \u00e1 v\u00edsindalegan h\u00e1tt). Flokkunin var\u00f0 a\u00f0 byggjast \u00e1 sj\u00fakd\u00f3mseinkennum \u00fev\u00ed ekki var h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 s\u00fdna fram \u00e1 nein l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ileg einkenni. Harold Selmer lag\u00f0i fyrstur danskra ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna til sameiginlegt flokkunarkerfi ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma \u00e1ri\u00f0 1850. Hann nota\u00f0i eftirfarandi flokka:<\/font><\/p>\n

Moralsk afsindighed eller forrykthed (Si\u00f0fer\u00f0ileg ge\u00f0veiki e\u00f0a brj\u00e1lsemi) ;<\/font>
\nVanvid (or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fdddi andleg \u00feroskasker\u00f0ing og er raunar algerlega samstofna \u00edslenska or\u00f0inu vanvit);<\/font>
\nMonomani (vangefni a\u00f0 hluta);<\/font>
\nDemens (slj\u00f3tt hugar\u00e1stand, Selmer nota\u00f0i or\u00f0i\u00f0 einnig um rugl);<\/font>
\nFatuitet (t\u00e1kna\u00f0i enn meira rugl, \u00fe.e. skort \u00e1 raunveruleikatengslum);<\/font>
\nMelankoli og mani (\u00feunglyndi og \u00e6\u00f0i)<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00der\u00e1tt fyrir till\u00f6gu Selmers r\u00edkti engin eindr\u00e6gni \u00ed flokkun ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma og flokka\u00f0i hver l\u00e6knir eins og honum s\u00fdndist.\u00a0 Flokkunin t\u00f3k og st\u00f6\u00f0ugum breytingum, t.d. var nota\u00f0 \u00f3l\u00edkt flokkunarkerfi \u00ed \u00feeim d\u00f6nsku kennslub\u00f3kum um ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i sem komu \u00fat \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ari hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar og \u00ed byrjun \u00feeirrar tuttugustu, flokkunum fj\u00f6lga\u00f0i l\u00edka jafnt og \u00fe\u00e9tt \u00e1 \u00feessu t\u00edmabili. Flokkun Kraepelin<\/a> hins \u00fe\u00fdska \u00e1 n\u00edunda \u00e1ratug n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar var\u00f0 kunn \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku og haf\u00f0i einhver \u00e1hrif en ekki mikil. \u00der\u00e1tt fyrir a\u00f0 \u00e6 fleiri sj\u00fakd\u00f3msheiti v\u00e6ru notu\u00f0 \u00ed kennslub\u00f3kum, fyrirlestrum og greinum um ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar voru flokkarnir miklu samt f\u00e6rri \u00ed prax\u00eds, \u00fe.e.a.s. \u00ed sj\u00fakrask\u00fdrslum og vinnug\u00f6gnum. Ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar kv\u00f6rtu\u00f0u sumir yfir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 flokkunar\u00e1r\u00e1ttan keyr\u00f0i um \u00feverbak, sj\u00e1 t.d. s\u00ed\u00f0ur \u00far sk\u00fdrslu<\/a> Valdemars Steenberg<\/a> yfirl\u00e6knis \u00e1 Sct. Hans Hospital fr\u00e1 1871, n\u00e6sta opna er h\u00e9r<\/a>. \u00dea\u00f0 ger\u00f0i l\u00edka flokkun ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma eftir einkennum mun erfi\u00f0ari a\u00f0 ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar voru samm\u00e1la um a\u00f0 ekki skyldi taka mark \u00e1 sj\u00faklingum e\u00f0a \u00e6ttingjum \u00feeirra \u00ed l\u00fdsingu einkennanna, sl\u00edkt var of \u00f3v\u00edsindalegt. \u00deess vegna var\u00f0 a\u00f0 flokka hvern sj\u00fakling eftir \u00feeim einkennum sem hann s\u00fdndi eftir innl\u00f6gn.<\/font><\/p>\n

Knud Pontoppidan<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\"KnudEinna \u00e1hrifamestur ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna \u00e1 \u00feessu t\u00edmabili var Knud Pontoppidan<\/a>. Hann var yfirl\u00e6knir \u00e1 \u201eSjette afdeling\u201c \u00e1\u00a0 Kommunehospitalet\u00a0 og gegndi fyrstu h\u00e1sk\u00f3last\u00f6\u00f0unni sem stofnu\u00f0 var \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningum, \u00fe.e. var\u00f0 d\u00f3sent vi\u00f0 Kaupmannahafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00e1ri\u00f0 1888, var\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0ar pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed r\u00e9ttarl\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i vi\u00f0 sama sk\u00f3la. (\u00c6tla m\u00e1 a\u00f0 hr\u00f3\u00f0ur Knuds Pontoppidan hafi og aukist fyrir a\u00f0 hann var br\u00f3\u00f0ir fr\u00e6gs sk\u00e1lds, Henrik Pontoppidans, sem hlaut N\u00f3belsver\u00f0laun \u00e1ri\u00f0 1917.)<\/font><\/p>\n

Pontoppidan var vins\u00e6ll fyrirlesari um fr\u00e6\u00f0asvi\u00f0 sitt, sem var vel a\u00f0 merkja b\u00e6\u00f0i ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar og taugal\u00e6kningar \u00fev\u00ed ekki var greint milli \u00feessa tveggja. Fyrirlestrarnir voru gefnir \u00fat og h\u00f6f\u00f0u \u00feannig enn meiri \u00e1hrif. M\u00e1 lesa hluta \u00feeirra, Den Almindelige Diagnostik af Centralnervesystemets Sygdomme<\/a><\/i> (fr\u00e1 1887). Raunar er \u00feetta safn \u00fatgefinna fyrirlestra eftir Pontoppidan \u00fev\u00ed \u00e1 eftir \u00feessari fyrirlestrar\u00f6\u00f0 fylgja \u00e1 s\u00f6mu vefsl\u00f3\u00f0:<\/font><\/p>\n

Kliniske forel\u00e6sninger over Nervesygdomme<\/i> (fr\u00e1 1898)<\/font>
\nEurastenien. Bidrag til skildringen af vor Tids Nerv\u00f8sitet<\/font><\/i>. (\u00fatg. 1886, birtist upphaflega \u00ed t\u00edmaritinu Bibliothek for L\u00e6ger<\/em> en var svo gefi\u00f0 \u00fat \u00ed \u00feremur uppl\u00f6gum 1886)<\/font>
\nFire Chiatriske Foredrag<\/i> (\u00fatg. 1891, haldnir 1888-1890)<\/font>
\nPsychiatriske Forel\u00e6sninger og Studier<\/i> (\u00fatg. 1892, sex fyrirlestrar haldnir 1891)<\/font>
\nPsychiatriske Forel\u00e6sninger og Studier<\/i>. Anden r\u00e6kke (\u00fatg. 1893, sex fyrirlestrar haldnir 1892-93)<\/font>
\nPsykiatriske Forel\u00e6sninger og Studier<\/i>. Tredie R\u00e6kke. (\u00fatg. 1895, sex fyrirlestrar haldnir 1893-95)<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\"AmaliePontoppidan er m.a. minnst fyrir mann\u00fa\u00f0leg vi\u00f0horf til ge\u00f0sj\u00fakra auk fr\u00e6\u00f0ilegra ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisstarfa. En hann \u00f6\u00f0la\u00f0ist \u00f3v\u00e6nta fr\u00e6g\u00f0 me\u00f0al almennings \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku og raunar langt \u00fat fyrir landsteinana laust fyrir aldam\u00f3tin 1900 \u00feegar hann lenti \u00ed \u00fatist\u00f6\u00f0um vi\u00f0 \u00e1hrifamikla sj\u00faklinga: Fyrst og fremst vi\u00f0 norsku sk\u00e1ldkonuna Amilie Skram<\/a>. H\u00fan var l\u00f6g\u00f0 inn \u00e1 \u201eSjette afdeling\u201c \u00e1ri\u00f0 1894, \u00ed kj\u00f6lfari\u00f0 \u00e1 hj\u00f3nabandserfi\u00f0leikum, og hefur a\u00f0 \u00f6llum l\u00edkindum \u00fej\u00e1\u00f0st af \u00feunglyndi. Amalie dvaldi \u00ed m\u00e1nu\u00f0 \u00e1 ge\u00f0deildinni og hugna\u00f0ist engan veginn framkoma starfsf\u00f3lks vi\u00f0 sj\u00faklinga, s\u00e9rstaklega \u00fe\u00f3tti henni Knud Pontoppidan hrokafullur og ekki hva\u00f0 s\u00edst hrokafullur og stj\u00f3rnsamur \u00ed gar\u00f0 kvenkyns sj\u00faklinga. Svo Amalie beitti s\u00e9r \u00ed d\u00f6nsku dagbl\u00f6\u00f0unum gegn Pontoppidan og skrifa\u00f0i svo lykilsk\u00e1lds\u00f6guna Professor Hieronymus<\/i>, \u00fatg. 1895, sem l\u00fdsir samskiptum \u00feunglyndu konunnar Elsu vi\u00f0 yfirl\u00e6kninn Hieronymus og gerist \u00e1 ge\u00f0deild. Professor Hieronymus<\/i> hefur lifa\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0u l\u00edfi s\u00ed\u00f0an, einnig lykilsk\u00e1ldsagan Paa St. J\u00f8rgen<\/i> eftir Skram, sem bygg\u00f0 er \u00e1 m\u00e1na\u00f0ardv\u00f6l hennar \u00e1 Sct. Hans hospital en \u00feanga\u00f0 f\u00f3r h\u00fan af \u201eSjette afdeling\u201c.<\/font><\/p>\n

Eftir \u00feessa \u00f3v\u00e6ntu, og a\u00f0 margra mati \u00f3ver\u00f0skuldu\u00f0u fr\u00e6g\u00f0, sem hlaust af \u00fatist\u00f6\u00f0um vi\u00f0 Amalie Skram, gr\u00f3f undan veldi Pontoppidan \u00e1 \u201eSjette afdeling\u201c og hann sag\u00f0i upp st\u00f6\u00f0u sinni 1897, ger\u00f0ist yfirl\u00e6knir \u00e1 Jydske Asyl \u00ed \u00c1r\u00f3sum. Pontoppidan reyndi sj\u00e1lfur a\u00f0 beita s\u00f6mu br\u00f6g\u00f0um og Amalie Skram og skrifa\u00f0i b\u00e6klinginn\u00a0 Sjette Afdelings Jammersminde<\/i> s\u00e9r til varnar, \u00fatg. 1897. (Titillinn er\u00a0sj\u00e1lfsagt v\u00edsun\u00a0\u00ed Jammers Minde<\/i> Leon\u00f3ru Christinu Ulfeldt, sem haldi\u00f0 var fanginni \u00ed Bl\u00e1turni \u00e1rum saman … or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fdddi upphaflega kveinstafir en hefur veri\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fdtt Harmaminning \u00e1 \u00edslensku). Pontoppidan haf\u00f0i ekki erindi sem erfi\u00f0i me\u00f0 \u00feessum b\u00e6klingi, hann endurheimti ekki or\u00f0st\u00edr sinn \u00ed \u00feessum slag.<\/font><\/p>\n

Erjur Amalie Skram (og fleiri sj\u00faklinga sem h\u00fan studdi opinberlega) og Knuds Pontoppidan r\u00f6tu\u00f0u meira a\u00f0 segja \u00ed dagbl\u00f6\u00f0 h\u00e9r uppi \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, sj\u00e1 Yfirl\u00e6knir b\u00e6jarsp\u00edtalans \u00ed Kh\u00f6fn \u00ed Fjallkonunni<\/i>, 18. desember1894<\/a>, \u00fear sem sam\u00fa\u00f0in er \u00f6ll me\u00f0 sj\u00faklingnum (Amalie Skram studdi \u00feennan sj\u00fakling dyggilega \u00e1 opinberum vettvangi) og fr\u00e9ttamola \u00ed Bjarka<\/i>, 24. desember 1897<\/a>, \u00fear sem sam\u00fa\u00f0in er greinileg me\u00f0 hinum ofs\u00f3tta Pontoppidan. \u00cd grein Bj\u00f6rnstjerne Bj\u00f6rnsson, N\u00fat\u00ed\u00f0arb\u00f3kmenntir Nor\u00f0mannna<\/a>, sem birtist \u00ed jan\u00faarhefti Eimrei\u00f0arinnar <\/i>1898, er einnig drepi\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feetta m\u00e1l, \u00ed umfj\u00f6llun um Professor Hieronymus<\/i> (s. 58-59). \u00c6tla m\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feetta m\u00e1lavafstur hafi \u00fev\u00ed veri\u00f0 vel\u00feekkt \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00ed byrjun tuttugustu aldar.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

V\u00edsindaleg\/l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0ileg grein ger\u00f0 fyrir ors\u00f6kum ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt\u00a0 tilraunir til a\u00f0 gera ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar v\u00edsindalegar me\u00f0 sk\u00edrskotun til l\u00edffr\u00e6\u00f0ilegra breytinga \u00ed heila e\u00f0a me\u00f0 n\u00e1kv\u00e6mri samr\u00e6mdri flokkun hafi mistekist reyndu menn fleira til hins sama, t.d. a\u00f0 gera v\u00edsindalega grein fyrir ors\u00f6kum ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma. \u00dear var fyrst og fremst horft til arfengi \u00ed v\u00ed\u00f0um skilningi. A\u00f0 v\u00edsu var mj\u00f6g mismunandi hversu n\u00e1kv\u00e6mlega einstakir ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar t\u00falku\u00f0u arfgengi, sumir seildust \u00e1kaflega langt aftur \u00ed \u00e6ttir, a\u00f0rir skemmra en allir reyndu \u00feeir \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 f\u00e1 uppl\u00fdsingar hj\u00e1 s\u00ednum sj\u00faklingum um ge\u00f0veika, vangefna e\u00f0a drykkjusj\u00faka \u00e6ttingja \u00feeirra (\u00feetta var allt tali\u00f0 ge\u00f0veiki). Auk \u00feess sem vi\u00f0 n\u00fat\u00edmamenn teljum arfgengi horf\u00f0u ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar talsvert til arfgengrar \u00farkynjunar, algengrar hugmyndir \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma. Arfgeng \u00farkynjun (degeneration) f\u00f3lst \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00e6ttin \u00farkynja\u00f0ist meir og meir me\u00f0 hverjum \u00e6ttli\u00f0. Venjuleg arfgengi var ekki n\u00e6rri eins r\u00e1\u00f0andi ors\u00f6k ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma og arfgeng \u00farkynjun a\u00f0 mati ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna \u00feessa t\u00edma.<\/font><\/p>\n

Auk arfgengi\/\u00farkynjunar g\u00e1tu ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar \u00e1tt s\u00e9r l\u00edkamlega ors\u00f6k. Var oft nefnt sj\u00e1lfsfr\u00f3un, h\u00f6fu\u00f0verkur e\u00f0a einhver l\u00edkamlegur kvilli. Loks gat ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur kvikna\u00f0 af ytri a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um, \u00fe.e.a.s. einhverju sem k\u00e6mi f\u00f3lki \u00far jafnv\u00e6gi, til d\u00e6mis sorg, \u00f3hamingjus\u00f6mu hj\u00f3naband, fj\u00e1rhagserfi\u00f0leikum e\u00f0a vonbrig\u00f0um. \u00cd \u00e1rssk\u00fdrslum ge\u00f0deilda\/h\u00e6la fr\u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma eru l\u00edka t\u00edndar til \u00f6llu langs\u00f3ttari sk\u00fdringar eins og p\u00f3lit\u00edskar erjur, morm\u00f3natr\u00fa, fer\u00f0alag til Amer\u00edku, a\u00f0 liggja \u00ed b\u00f3kum s\u00edknt og heilagt o.fl. A\u00f0al\u00e1herslan var \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar \u00e6ttu s\u00e9r l\u00edkamlegar sk\u00fdringar, ytri a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur e\u00f0a \u00e1f\u00f6ll voru talin veigal\u00edtil og \u00f3l\u00edkleg til a\u00f0 valda erfi\u00f0um ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mum.<\/font><\/p>\n

Tv\u00e6r kennslub\u00e6kur um ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00cd lokin er r\u00e9tt a\u00f0 benda \u00e1 kennslub\u00e6kur sem a\u00f0gengilegar eru \u00e1 Vefnum og \u00e6tla m\u00e1 a\u00f0 hafi mj\u00f6g m\u00f3ta\u00f0 hugmyndir \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ar Sveinssonar, fyrsta starfandi ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisins \u00e1 \u00cdslandi.<\/font><\/p>\n

Om Sindsygdom<\/a><\/i> eftir Christian Geill<\/a>, \u00fatg. 1899. Geill var einkum \u00feekktur fyrir skrif s\u00edn um og st\u00f6rf vi\u00f0 r\u00e9ttarge\u00f0l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i en hann var yfirl\u00e6knir \u00e1 Jydske Asyl (einnig kalla\u00f0 Aarhus Sindsygeanstalt)\u00a0 \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1894-96. Fr\u00e1 1901 var hann yfirl\u00e6knir \u00e1 ge\u00f0sp\u00edtalanum \u00ed Viborg. \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ur Sveinsson, ver\u00f0andi yfirl\u00e6knir \u00e1 n\u00fdstofnu\u00f0um Kleppi, var kand\u00eddat \u00e1 Aarhus Sindsygeanstalt \u00ed mars-\u00e1g\u00fast 1906. Kannski hefur andi Geills enn svifi\u00f0 \u00fear yfir v\u00f6tnum \u00fe\u00f3tt hann v\u00e6ri \u00fe\u00e1 horfinn til svipa\u00f0ra starfa \u00ed n\u00e1grenninu.<\/font><\/p>\n

Riti Geills er skipt \u00ed \u00feessa efnis\u00fe\u00e6tti: Hva\u00f0 er ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur?; Hverjar eru orsakir ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma; Hvernig l\u00fdsa ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar s\u00e9r; Hvernig er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 fyrirbyggja ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3m; Hvernig \u00e1 a\u00f0 me\u00f0h\u00f6ndla ge\u00f0sj\u00fakan heima; Hvernig er me\u00f0fer\u00f0 \u00e1 stofnun h\u00e1tta\u00f0. \u00cd ritinu kemur sk\u00fdrt fram s\u00fa eindregna afsta\u00f0a a\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar s\u00e9u n\u00e1nast allaf af l\u00edkamlegum toga. T.d. \u00fatsk\u00fdrir Geill hvernig ge\u00f0shr\u00e6ringar hafi l\u00edkamleg \u00e1hrif (og valdi \u00fear me\u00f0 l\u00edkamlegum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mum), m\u00e1 nefna a\u00f0 ro\u00f0na e\u00f0a f\u00f6lna, sem dregur \u00far bl\u00f3\u00f0fl\u00e6\u00f0i til heilans, sem g\u00e6ti valdi heilaskemmdum, s.s. ge\u00f0veiki.<\/font><\/p>\n

Kortfattet, speciel Psykiatri<\/a><\/i> eftir Alexander Friedenreich<\/a>, \u00fatg. 1901. Freidenreich var\u00f0 yfirl\u00e6knir \u00e1 \u201eSjette afdeling\u201c (ge\u00f0deildinni) \u00e1 Kommunehospitalet \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn 1898-1918, d\u00f3sent \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningum vi\u00f0 Kaupmannahafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la 1898-1916 og pr\u00f3fessor \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningum vi\u00f0 sama sk\u00f3la 1916-19. \u00dea\u00f0 er l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ur Sveinsson hafi veri\u00f0 nemandi Freidenreichs \u00feegar hann kynnti s\u00e9r ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn 1905-6 en \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0ur starfa\u00f0i m.a. \u00e1 \u201eSjette afdeling\u201c og hl\u00fdtur a\u00f0 hafa eitthva\u00f0 komi\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 n\u00e1l\u00e6gt h\u00e1sk\u00f3lan\u00e1mi \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0um \u00feennan vetur sem hann var \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Af \u00fev\u00ed \u00e9g er \u00feunglyndissj\u00faklingur athuga\u00f0i \u00e9g af hva\u00f0a ors\u00f6kum \u00feessir \u00e1g\u00e6tu menn telja a\u00f0 \u00feunglyndi (melank\u00f3l\u00eda) stafi. Umfj\u00f6llun \u00ed b\u00f3k Geill var almennt um orsakir ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma og \u00fear undirstrika\u00f0 r\u00e6kilega a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00e6ru a\u00f0allega arfgengi og l\u00edkamlegar orsakakir. \u00cd\u00a0 Kortfattet, speciel Psykiatri<\/i> er s\u00e9rstaklega fjalla\u00f0 um orsakir \u00feunglyndis og arfgengar orsakir<\/b> au\u00f0vita\u00f0 fyrst taldar. S\u00ed\u00f0an er minnst \u00e1 l\u00edkamlegar orsakir<\/b>, nefnilega \u00feessar:<\/font><\/p>\n

Bl\u00f3\u00f0leysi af \u00fdmsum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um, sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar sem draga \u00far \u00fer\u00f3tti, l\u00e9leg n\u00e6ring, vi\u00f0varandi m\u00f3\u00f0url\u00edfsb\u00f3lgur, b\u00f3lgur \u00ed \u00fe\u00f6rmum, lifrarsj\u00fakd\u00f3mar og \u00fevagf\u00e6rasj\u00fakd\u00f3mar. \u00c1samt me\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0url\u00edfsb\u00f3lgum m\u00e1 telja \u00f3l\u00e9ttu, f\u00e6\u00f0ingu og brj\u00f3stagj\u00f6f. Svo m\u00e1 nefna hjarta- og n\u00fdrnasj\u00fakd\u00f3ma, krans\u00e6\u00f0ab\u00f3lgur og sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma \u00e1 bor\u00f0 vi\u00f0 lungnab\u00f3lgu og taugaveiki. Talsver\u00f0 \u00e1hersla er l\u00f6g\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0 sj\u00e1lfsfr\u00f3un geti veri\u00f0 ors\u00f6k \u00feunglyndis (en er \u00fe\u00f3 algengara a\u00f0 valdi \u00f6\u00f0rum ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma) og a\u00f0 hana beri a\u00f0 telja til l\u00edkamlegra orsaka \u00fe\u00f3tt ska\u00f0inn geti l\u00edka talist s\u00e1lr\u00e6nn. (s. 19-21.)<\/font><\/p>\n

Af s\u00e1lr\u00e6num ors\u00f6kum<\/b> \u00feunglyndis m\u00e1 nefna sorg, vonbrig\u00f0i, a\u00f0 fara a\u00f0 heiman og ofreynslu. Hi\u00f0 s\u00ed\u00f0astnefnda er algengara hj\u00e1 karlkynssj\u00faklingum en ver\u00f0ur einnig vart hj\u00e1 kennslukonum. Kennslukonur \u00feurfa oft a\u00f0 hra\u00f0a s\u00e9r mj\u00f6g \u00ed gegnum n\u00e1mi\u00f0, af fj\u00e1rhags\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um, og taka pr\u00f3f \u00fe\u00f3tt kunn\u00e1ttan s\u00e9 l\u00e9leg. Svo \u00feurfa \u00fe\u00e6r strax a\u00f0 fara a\u00f0 kenna. Margar einkakennslukonur eru \u201emisnota\u00f0ar \u00e1 gr\u00f3fan h\u00e1tt og eru \u00e1 heildina liti\u00f0 \u00ed erfi\u00f0ri og oft vandr\u00e6\u00f0alegri st\u00f6\u00f0u.\u201c \u00cd tilvikum kennslukvenna kann \u00fev\u00ed ofreynsla a\u00f0 vera s\u00e1lr\u00e6n ors\u00f6k \u00feunglyndis, segir Geill, en minnist ekkert \u00e1 a\u00f0 a\u00f0rar konur geti ofreynt sig\u00a0\ud83d\ude42\u00a0 (Sj\u00e1 s. 23.)<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n

Heimildir<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

Auk efnis sem v\u00edsa\u00f0 er \u00ed, \u00ed f\u00e6rslunni, studdist \u00e9g einkum vi\u00f0 eftirfarandi kafla \u00ed Psykiatriens Historie i Danmark<\/i>, \u00fatg. 2008, ritstj\u00f3ri Jesper Vaczy Kragh:<\/font><\/p>\n

Nielsen, Trine Fastrup: Fra d\u00e5rekiste til terapeutisk anstal. Dansk psykiatri 1800-1850<\/i>;<\/font>
\nM\u00f8llerh\u00f8j, Jette. Sindssygedom, d\u00e5rev\u00e6sen og videnskap. Asyltiden 1850-1920<\/i>;<\/font>
\nMellerg\u00e5rd, Mogens: Nye svar p\u00e5 gamle sp\u00f8rgsm\u00e5l. Psykiatriske trosetninger 1880-1930<\/i>.<\/font><\/p>\n

Einnig studdist \u00e9g vi\u00f0 greinarnar:<\/font><\/p>\n

M\u00f8llerh\u00f8j, Jette. On unsafe ground: the practises and institutionalization of Danish psychiatry, 1850-1920<\/a>. History of Psychiatry<\/i>, 19(3): 321-337, 2008. A\u00f0gengileg \u00e1 Vefnum og er kr\u00e6kt \u00ed hana.<\/font>
\nKragh, Jesper Vaczy. \u00bbOvertro og trolddom\u00ab – Selskabet for Psykisk Forskning 1905-1930<\/a>. Fortid og Nutid<\/i>, september 2003, s. 163-185. Greinin er a\u00f0gengileg \u00e1 Vefnum og er kr\u00e6kt \u00ed hana.<\/font>
\nKragh, Jesper Vaczy. Danish Spiritualism, 1853-2011<\/a>. \u00d3t\u00edmasett. A\u00f0gengilegt \u00e1 vef.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd n\u00e6stu f\u00e6rslu geri \u00e9g grein fyrir hvernig l\u00e6knisme\u00f0fer\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakra var h\u00e1tta\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma.<\/font><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00deessi f\u00e6rsla er framhald af Ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar og ge\u00f0veiki for\u00f0um og fjallar um danskar ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningar \u00e1 seinni hluta n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar fram \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 tuttugustu. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0a \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e9g hef s\u00e9rstakan \u00e1huga \u00e1 s\u00f6gu danskra ge\u00f0l\u00e6kninga er …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-502","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saga_gedlaekninga"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/502","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=502"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/502\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":583,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/502\/revisions\/583"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=502"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=502"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=502"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}