{"id":511,"date":"2013-05-28T00:21:08","date_gmt":"2013-05-28T00:21:08","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/harpa.blogg.is\/2013-05-28\/lobotomia-a-islandi\/"},"modified":"2013-11-19T09:44:05","modified_gmt":"2013-11-19T09:44:05","slug":"lobotomia-a-islandi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2013\/05\/28\/lobotomia-a-islandi\/","title":{"rendered":"L\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00eda \u00e1 \u00cdslandi"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 \u00edslenskir ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar snemma \u00e1 fimmta \u00e1ratug s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar hafi s\u00e9\u00f0 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edusj\u00fakling me\u00f0 eigin augum \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00feeir\u00a0h\u00f3fu a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta\u00a0framkv\u00e6ma svolei\u00f0is a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir \u00e1\u00a0s\u00ednum sj\u00faklingum (nema kannski Gunnar \u00de. Benjam\u00ednsson sem starfa\u00f0i \u00e1 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3madeild Rigshospitalets fram \u00e1 \u00e1ri\u00f0 1945). En \u00feeir Alfre\u00f0 G\u00edslason og Kristj\u00e1n \u00deorvar\u00f0sson fylgdust vel me\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00ednu fagi og n\u00fdttu s\u00e9r h\u00e6fni Bjarna Oddssonar til l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edua\u00f0ger\u00f0a. Bjarni ger\u00f0i fyrstu l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00eduna fyrir \u00fe\u00e1 \u00ed febr\u00faar 1948 en ekki fleiri sl\u00edkar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1ri\u00f0. En strax um hausti\u00f0 f\u00f3ru a\u00f0 birtast fr\u00e9ttir \u00ed dagbl\u00f6\u00f0um af \u00feessari \u00e1g\u00e6tu l\u00e6knisa\u00f0ger\u00f0 vi\u00f0 ge\u00f0veiki, sj\u00e1 t.d. 10,000 heilaskur\u00f0ir til l\u00e6kningar s\u00e1lsj\u00fakum<\/a>, \u00ed Morgunbla\u00f0inu <\/i>5. september 1948 og\u00a0 Hugarv\u00edl l\u00e6knast<\/a>, \u00ed sama bla\u00f0i \u00ed n\u00f3vemberbyrjun 1948.<\/font>\u00a0<\/p>\n

Bjarni Oddsson lauk l\u00e6knapr\u00f3fi fr\u00e1 H\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00cdslands \u00e1ri\u00f0 1934, sigldi s\u00ed\u00f0an til Danmerkur og lauk doktorspr\u00f3fi fr\u00e1 Kaupmannahafnarh\u00e1sk\u00f3la \u00e1ri\u00f0 1946. Doktorsritger\u00f0 hans fjalla\u00f0i um tauga\u00e6xli \u00ed m\u00e6nu. Bjarni vann \u00e1 \u00fdmsum sp\u00edt\u00f6lum \u00ed Danm\u00f6rku me\u00f0an \u00e1 n\u00e1msdv\u00f6l hans \u00fear st\u00f3\u00f0, \u00e1ratuginn 1934-44, b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 f\u00e6\u00f0ingar- og kvensj\u00fakd\u00f3madeildum og taugahandl\u00e6kningadeildum. Me\u00f0al annars starfa\u00f0i hann \u00e1 deild \u00feeirri sem Eduard Busch veitti forst\u00f6\u00f0u, \u00e1 Rigshospitalet. \u00deegar hann kom til \u00cdslands f\u00e9kk hann s\u00e9rfr\u00e6\u00f0ingsleyfi \u00ed handl\u00e6kningum, kvensj\u00fakd\u00f3mum og f\u00e6\u00f0ingarhj\u00e1lp, \u00e1ri\u00f0 1946. Hann starfa\u00f0i \u00fe\u00f3 einkum sem skur\u00f0l\u00e6knir \u00e1 Landakotssp\u00edtala, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al a\u00f0 heila-og taugaskur\u00f0l\u00e6kningum. Bjarni Oddsson l\u00e9st \u00ed b\u00edlslysi \u00ed septemberbyrjun 1953.<\/font><\/p>\n

Um l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur Bjarna Oddssonar segir Bjarni J\u00f3nsson l\u00e6knir, samstarfsma\u00f0ur hans, \u00ed b\u00f3kinni \u00c1 Landakoti<\/i>, \u00fatg.1988, s. 128:<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sm\u00e1m saman opnu\u00f0ust augu l\u00e6kna fyrir \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 dr. Bjarni vissi meira um mi\u00f0taugakerfi en \u00feeir og f\u00f3ru \u00ed st\u00f6ku tilvikum a\u00f0 leita r\u00e1\u00f0a hj\u00e1 honum, og voru \u00fea\u00f0 ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar, sem ri\u00f0u \u00e1 va\u00f0i\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 var fari\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera a\u00f0ger\u00f0 \u00e1 framheila ge\u00f0veikra – prefrontal lobotomia – og haf\u00f0i Egas Moniz sem fyrr var nefndur, veri\u00f0 upphafsma\u00f0ur hennar. \u00deessa a\u00f0ger\u00f0 var h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 gera \u00ed sta\u00f0deyfingu og verkf\u00e6ralaust a\u00f0 kalla.<\/font>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00de\u00e1 var enginn sv\u00e6fingal\u00e6knir til \u00e1 landinu, og l\u00e6knar Landakotssp\u00edtala \u00feurftu sj\u00e1lfir a\u00f0 leggja s\u00e9r til verkf\u00e6ri. \u00dar \u00fev\u00ed svona haga\u00f0i til me\u00f0 a\u00f0ger\u00f0ina lag\u00f0i dr. Bjarni til atl\u00f6gu og ger\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 fyrstu 1948, \u00e1ri\u00f0 eftir ger\u00f0ir hann fj\u00f3rar, og alls ur\u00f0u \u00fe\u00e6r fj\u00f6rt\u00edu og tv\u00e6r, \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00ed\u00f0ustu ger\u00f0ar 1953.<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

Hversu margar l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur voru ger\u00f0ar \u00e1 \u00cdslandi?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\"L\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\ufffda\u00cd b\u00f3k sinni Kleppur \u00ed 100 \u00e1r<\/i> (\u00fatg. 2007) segir \u00d3ttar Gu\u00f0mundsson a\u00f0 Bjarni Oddsson hafi gert 28 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur, a\u00f0 Bjarni J\u00f3nsson hafi teki\u00f0 vi\u00f0 af Bjarna Oddssyni \u00ed l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edum \u00e1 Landakotssp\u00edtala og: \u201eAlls er tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 um 140-180 \u00cdslendingar hafi fari\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feessa a\u00f0ger\u00f0.\u201c (s. 90). \u00d3ttar v\u00edsar ekki \u00ed heimildir fyrir \u00feessu. <\/font><\/p>\n

M\u00e9r \u00feykja sta\u00f0h\u00e6fingar \u00d3ttars heldur \u00f3tr\u00falegar. \u00cd fyrsta lagi telur hann einungis \u00feann fj\u00f6lda l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edua\u00f0ger\u00f0a sem Bjarni Oddsson gerir grein fyrir \u00ed L\u00e6knabla\u00f0inu<\/i> 1952 en \u00ed \u00feeirri grein er l\u00fdst a\u00f0ger\u00f0um hans \u00e1 \u00e1runum fr\u00e1 1948 fram \u00ed j\u00fan\u00edlok 1951. Af greinaskrifum Alfre\u00f0s G\u00edslasonar gegn Helga T\u00f3massyni \u00e1 \u00e1runum 1953-55 og fregnum af bla\u00f0amannafundinum sem Kristj\u00e1n \u00deorvar\u00f0sson h\u00e9lt \u00ed desember 1953 (sem \u00d3ttar Gu\u00f0mundsson segir ranglega a\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 haldinn \u00ed jan\u00faar 1954) m\u00e1 r\u00e1\u00f0a a\u00f0 eftir l\u00e1t Bjarna Oddssonar hafi ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar ekki geta\u00f0 sent s\u00edna sj\u00faklinga \u00ed l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu, hvorki \u00e1 Landakot n\u00e9 anna\u00f0 h\u00e9rlendis. M\u00e1 raunar \u00e6tla a\u00f0 kveikjan a\u00f0 bla\u00f0amannafundinum hafi einmitt veri\u00f0 ergelsi sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt starfandi ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk yfir a\u00f0 missa l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu-m\u00f6guleikann og \u00e1framhaldandi \u00e1r\u00e1sir \u00e1 Helga sprottnar af s\u00f6mu r\u00f3t. (Um \u00feessar opinberu \u00e1r\u00e1sir sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt starfandi ge\u00f0l\u00e6knanna gegn Helga T\u00f3massyni m\u00e1 lesa \u00ed f\u00e6rslunni Raflost vi\u00f0 ge\u00f0veiki<\/a> h\u00e9rlendis.)<\/font><\/p>\n

S\u00e9u t\u00f6lur \u00d3ttars yfir \u00e1\u00e6tla\u00f0ar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir bornar saman vi\u00f0 mannfj\u00f6ldat\u00f6lur \u00e1rin 1950 og 1960 gerir \u00fea\u00f0 80-127 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edua\u00f0ger\u00f0ir \u00e1 hverja 100.000 \u00edb\u00faa. Samb\u00e6rilegar t\u00f6lur yfir l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur \u00ed Noregi og Danm\u00f6rku eru 81 og 85 \u00e1 100.000 \u00edb\u00faa en \u00fear er lagt saman 15 \u00e1ra t\u00edmabil, 1945-60, \u00fear sem \u00edslensku t\u00f6lurnar g\u00e6tu aldrei \u00e1tt vi\u00f0 meir en 12 \u00e1ra t\u00edmabil, fr\u00e1 1948-60. Deilt eftir \u00e1rum v\u00e6ri danska talan t\u00e6plega 5,7 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur \u00e1 100.000 \u00edb\u00faa a\u00f0 me\u00f0altali \u00e1 \u00e1ri en s\u00fa \u00edslenska 6,6 – 10,6 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur \u00e1 100.000 \u00edb\u00faa a\u00f0 me\u00f0altali \u00e1 \u00e1ri. \u00deessar t\u00f6lur, 140-180 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur \u00e1 \u00cdslendingum, vir\u00f0ast \u00fev\u00ed \u00fat \u00ed h\u00f6tt.<\/font><\/p>\n

S\u00e9u einungis taldar \u00fe\u00e6r 42 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur sem Bjarni Oddsson ger\u00f0i \u00e1 fimm \u00e1ra t\u00edmabili, duga \u00fe\u00e6r til a\u00f0 skj\u00f3ta \u00cdslandi \u00ed efsta s\u00e6ti \u00e1 lista yfir t\u00f6lur l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edua\u00f0ger\u00f0a mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 mannfj\u00f6lda, \u00fev\u00ed umreikna\u00f0 eru \u00feetta 6 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur \u00e1\u00a0hverja 100.000 \u00edb\u00faa a\u00f0 me\u00f0altali \u00e1 \u00e1ri. Vita\u00f0 er a\u00f0 \u00cdslendingar voru sendir til Danmerkur \u00ed l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu (Jesper Vaczy Kragh segist hafa fundi\u00f0 g\u00f6gn um sj\u00f6 \u00cdslendinga sem a\u00f0ger\u00f0in var ger\u00f0 \u00e1 og l\u00e1gu \u00e1 Vordingborg ge\u00f0sj\u00fakrah\u00fasinu) en varla hefur \u00fea\u00f0 veri\u00f0 \u00ed tugatali, hva\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feeir hafi losa\u00f0 hundra\u00f0i\u00f0.<\/font><\/p>\n

Myndin s\u00fdnir hvernig rist er \u00ed heilann\/hr\u00e6rt \u00ed heilanum me\u00f0 leucotom \u00ed standard-l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu en s\u00fa a\u00f0fer\u00f0 var eing\u00f6ngu notu\u00f0 h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi.<\/font>
\n\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

Hvernig f\u00f3r l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00eda fram h\u00e9rlendis?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

Alfre\u00f0 G\u00edslason, Bjarni Oddsson og Kristj\u00e1n \u00deorvar\u00f0sson skrifu\u00f0u greinina Lobotomia, sem birtist \u00ed\u00a0 L\u00e6knabla\u00f0inu<\/i> sumari\u00f0 1952.<\/font><\/p>\n

Bjarni skrifar fyrsta hluta greinarinnar. Hann segist hafa framkv\u00e6mt 28 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur s\u00ed\u00f0an 1948 og a\u00f0 mestu leyti fylgt a\u00f0fer\u00f0 Freeman og Watts, frontal lobotomi [\u00fe.e. Freeman-Watts standard prefrontal lobotomy]. Hann geri einungis l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu eftir skriflegri bei\u00f0ni sj\u00faklingsins sj\u00e1lfs e\u00f0a n\u00e1nustu \u00e6ttingja hans og l\u00e6tur ge\u00f0l\u00e6kni, jafnvel tvo ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna, sam\u00feykkja hana. A\u00f0ger\u00f0inni og undirb\u00faningi hennar l\u00fdsir Bjarni \u00feannig:<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Kv\u00f6ldi\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0ger\u00f0ina f\u00e6r sj\u00faklingurinn 30 cg luminal<\/a> [r\u00f3andi barb\u00edt\u00farlyf] og 1 klst. fyrir a\u00f0ger\u00f0ina 20 cg. luminal. \u00c9g hef framkv\u00e6mt 21 af a\u00f0ger\u00f0unum \u00ed sta\u00f0deyfingu einni saman, og 7 me\u00f0 sta\u00f0deyfingu \u00e1samt evipan<\/a> [r\u00f3andi barb\u00edt\u00farlyfi].<\/font><\/p>\n

T\u00e6kni<\/b>. Bora\u00f0 er 1 cm. breitt gat \u00e1 hausk\u00fapuna b\u00e1\u00f0um megin. [- – -] Dura [ysta himnan um heilann, k\u00f6llu\u00f0 bast \u00e1 \u00edslensku] er opnu\u00f0 og cortex [heilab\u00f6rkur] koaguleru\u00f0 [?] \u00e1 litlum bletti \u00e1 \u00e6\u00f0alausum sta\u00f0. Skorin er sundur heilahv\u00edta beggja ennislobi [- – -] Lobotom\u00edan er framkv\u00e6md me\u00f0 mj\u00f3um spa\u00f0a e\u00f0a hn\u00fa\u00f0kanna, e\u00f0a s\u00e9rst\u00f6ku \u00e1haldi, svok\u00f6llu\u00f0um leucotom. Bl\u00e6\u00f0ing er venjulega l\u00edtil, en stundum getur bl\u00e6tt talsvert fr\u00e1 \u00e6\u00f0um \u00ed heilaberki og dura og er bl\u00e6\u00f0ingin \u00fe\u00e1 st\u00f6\u00f0vu\u00f0 me\u00f0 electro-koagulation [- – -]<\/font><\/p>\n

Eftirme\u00f0fer\u00f0<\/b>. Fyrstu dagana er sj\u00faklingurinn l\u00e1tinn liggja \u00ed r\u00faminu me\u00f0 h\u00e1tt undir h\u00f6f\u00f0i og her\u00f0um. Bl\u00f3\u00f0\u00fer\u00fdstingur er m\u00e6ldur og \u00e6\u00f0asl\u00f6g talin \u00e1 klukkustundar fresti fyrsta s\u00f3larhringinn [- – -] nau\u00f0synlegt er a\u00f0 vaka\u00f0 s\u00e9 yfir sj\u00faklingnum fyrstu s\u00f3larhringana eftir a\u00f0ger\u00f0ina. Flestir sj\u00faklingar g\u00e6tu fari\u00f0 af sp\u00edtalnum 1-2 vikum eftir a\u00f0ger\u00f0 en \u00feyrftu \u00fe\u00e1 helzt a\u00f0 komast \u00e1 h\u00e6li til s\u00e9rfr\u00f3\u00f0s l\u00e6knis \u00ed ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mum til eftirme\u00f0fer\u00f0ar, en flesta sj\u00faklingana hef \u00e9g or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 senda heim til s\u00edn [- – -]<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\"LobotomiaBjarni telur s\u00ed\u00f0an upp helstu h\u00e6ttur samfara \u00feessari a\u00f0ger\u00f0 sem eru bl\u00e6\u00f0ing (a\u00f0 \u00e6\u00f0 s\u00e9 skorin \u00ed sundur); bl\u00e6\u00f0ing \u00ed heilahol (jafnvel l\u00edtil bl\u00e6\u00f0ing getur veri\u00f0 h\u00e6ttuleg) og a\u00f0 skur\u00f0urinn \u00ed heilahv\u00edtuna s\u00e9 of aftarlega, \u00fe\u00e1 ver\u00f0a sj\u00faklingarnir slj\u00f3ir og sinnulausir og \u201egetur \u00fea\u00f0 enda\u00f0 \u00ed d\u00e1i (coma) og dau\u00f0a.\u201c (\u00deetta eru s\u00f6mu atri\u00f0i og danski l\u00e6knirinn Broager taldi upp \u00ed fyrirlestri s\u00ednum \u00e1 \u00feingi Samtaka norr\u00e6nna ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna \u00ed Kaupmannah\u00f6fn 1944 og er \u00f3neitanlega freistandi a\u00f0 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 Bjarni hafi veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0staddur hann, \u00fe\u00f3tt hann hef\u00f0i svo sem vel geta\u00f0 hafa lesi\u00f0 hann.)<\/font><\/p>\n

D\u00e1nartala vi\u00f0 frontal lobotomi er fr\u00e1 2-6%, segir Bjarni, og b\u00e6tir vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 af \u00feeim 28 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edum sem hann haf\u00f0i gert \u00feegar greinin var skrifu\u00f0 hafi einn sj\u00faklingur d\u00e1i\u00f0. \u00dea\u00f0 var 44 \u00e1ra kona, greind me\u00f0 ge\u00f0klofa. H\u00fan var \u00feegar vi\u00f0 komu \u00e1 sp\u00edtalann \u201eslj\u00f3 og sl\u00f6pp\u201c og f\u00e9kk strax hita eftir a\u00f0ger\u00f0ina, var\u00f0 slj\u00f3rri me\u00f0 hverjum deginum og d\u00f3 \u00e1 \u00e1ttunda degi. Bjarni segist halda a\u00f0 hann hafi lagt skur\u00f0inn \u00ed heilahv\u00edtuna of aftarlega.<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00c9g hef \u00e1\u00f0ur vitna\u00f0 \u00ed sj\u00fakras\u00f6gu \u00feessarar konu (\u00ed f\u00e6rslunni Upphaf lost-l\u00e6kninga vi\u00f0 ge\u00f0veiki<\/a>). H\u00fan haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 ge\u00f0veik \u00ed 17 \u00e1r, \u00e1ri\u00f0 1936 f\u00e9kk h\u00fan ins\u00fal\u00ednlost \u00ed \u00ferj\u00e1r vikur (ins\u00fal\u00ednlost voru yfirleitt gefin sex daga vikunnar og hv\u00edlt \u00feann sj\u00f6unda), s\u00ed\u00f0an cardiazol-lost \u00ed tuttugu skipti \u00e1ri\u00f0 1937. Hvor tveggja lostme\u00f0fer\u00f0in var veitt \u00e1 Akureyri, l\u00edklega \u00e1 Fj\u00f3r\u00f0ungssj\u00fakrah\u00fasinu \u00fear (enda dvaldi konan \u00ed skj\u00f3li systur sinnar \u00ed Eyjafjar\u00f0arsveit skv. \u00f6\u00f0rum heimildum). Skr\u00e1\u00f0 er a\u00f0 cardiazol-lostin hafi gefi\u00f0 allg\u00f3\u00f0an \u00e1rangur en bati h\u00e9lst stutt. \u00c1ri\u00f0 1948 var reynt a\u00f0 gefa henni raflost en \u00feau skilu\u00f0u engum \u00e1rangri. Lokaor\u00f0in \u00ed sj\u00fakras\u00f6gu konunnar \u00ed grein Alfre\u00f0s, Bjarna og Kristj\u00e1ns eru: \u201eLobotomia 17\/5 1951, d\u00f3 24\/5 ’51.\u201c<\/font><\/p>\n

Myndin er \u00ed grein Bjarna og f\u00e9laga. Myndatexti undir henni er: \u201eSkur\u00f0ur \u00ed h\u00fa\u00f0 og galea, og bora\u00f0 gat \u00e1 h\u00f6fu\u00f0k\u00fapu 3 cm. fyrir aftan margo orbitalis lateralis, og 6 cm. fyrir ofan os zygomaticum.\u201c<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/blockquote>\n

\u00c1 hvers konar sj\u00faklingum var l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00eda ger\u00f0?<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00cd greininni kemur fram a\u00f0 \u00feessir l\u00e6knar, Kristj\u00e1n og Alfre\u00f0, hafi beitt l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu vi\u00f0 \u00fdmsum ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mum. T\u00e6pur helmingur sj\u00faklinga \u00feeirra (9 af 20)\u00a0var greindur me\u00f0 ge\u00f0klofa (schizophrenia) og fj\u00f3r\u00f0ungur sj\u00faklinganna (5 af 20)\u00a0var me\u00f0 \u00feunglyndisgreiningu (depressio mentis (melancholia)). Hinir voru: 2 me\u00f0 greininguna ge\u00f0hvarfas\u00fdki (psykosis maniodepressiva); 2 si\u00f0blindir (psykopathia, ath. a\u00f0 menn skilgreindu si\u00f0blindu\/ge\u00f0villu miklu v\u00ed\u00f0ar en gert er n\u00fa) og 2 me\u00f0 \u00fer\u00e1hyggju (anankasmus). \u00deessar t\u00f6lur er a\u00f0 finna \u00ed greininni sj\u00e1lfri en \u00feeim ber ekki a\u00f0 \u00f6llu leyti saman vi\u00f0 enska \u00fatdr\u00e1ttinn sem fylgir henni. A\u00f0 mati greinarh\u00f6funda var\u00f0 t\u00e6pur helmingur allra sj\u00faklinganna miklu betri (9 sj\u00faklingar) og 7 ur\u00f0u betri. H\u00e9r eru tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi, um miklu betri og betri \u00e1rangurinn.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

S. B.\u00a0var greind me\u00f0 ge\u00f0klofa og ofs\u00f3knarhugmyndir samfara honum.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 S.B. er 33 \u00e1ra kona, gift sj\u00f3manni. Ekki er vita\u00f0 um ge\u00f0veiki \u00ed skyldmennum.<\/font>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sj\u00fakd\u00f3murinn byrja\u00f0i fyrir 8 \u00e1rum, eftir barnsbur\u00f0, me\u00f0 ranghugmyndum, ofs\u00f3knarhugmyndum, sem beindust gegn \u00e1kve\u00f0nu f\u00f3lki og \u00fe\u00f3 einkum gegn n\u00e1b\u00faum. Stundum ofheyrn, heyr\u00f0i f\u00f3lk tala inni \u00ed s\u00e9r, st\u00f6ku sinnum \u00e6st og beitti \u00fe\u00e1 ofbeldi, ekki greinilega \u00feunglynd, en stundum lei\u00f0. Virtist heldur daufger\u00f0 og tilfinningaslj\u00f3.<\/font>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur: Schizophrenia (sennilega dementia paranoides).<\/font>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Raflost reynt, en \u00e1n \u00e1rangurs.<\/font>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lobotomia 11\/6 1949.<\/font>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Eftirranns\u00f3kn 15\/11 1951. \u00c1standi\u00f0 \u00ed heild miklu betra, ofs\u00f3knarhugmyndir horfnar, er hress \u00ed skapi og finnst henni l\u00ed\u00f0anin betri. S\u00e9r a\u00f0 \u00f6llu um heimili\u00f0 (ger\u00f0i \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1\u00f0ur), svefn g\u00f3\u00f0ur. Er n\u00fa barnshafandi \u00ed \u00feri\u00f0ja sinn, finnst heldur mi\u00f0ur, en tekur ekki f\u00f3sturey\u00f0ingu \u00ed m\u00e1l af si\u00f0fer\u00f0ilegum \u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0um.<\/font>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c1rangur: Miklu betri.<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

B.J.B.\u00a0var greind si\u00f0blind og \u00ed sviga er tilteki\u00f0 a\u00f0 h\u00fan s\u00e9 haldin sj\u00faklegri lyga\u00e1r\u00e1ttu (mytomaniu), stels\u00fdki (kleftoman\u00edu) og \u00e1sts\u00fdki (erotomaniu):<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

<\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 B. J. B. 19 \u00e1ra, \u00f3g. kona.<\/font>
\nArfhneig\u00f0: ge\u00f0veila (psychopathia) b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00ed f\u00f6\u00f0ur-og m\u00f3\u00f0ur\u00e6tt. Sj\u00faklingurinn hefur fr\u00e1 10 \u00e1ra aldri veri\u00f0 \u00fej\u00f3fgefin og \u00f3sanns\u00f6gul. Eftir 13 \u00e1ra aldur mj\u00f6g vergj\u00f6rn (erotoman) og lausl\u00e1t. V\u00edns hefir h\u00fan neytt nokku\u00f0, en \u00feolir illa og ver\u00f0ur \u00f6lvu\u00f0 af litlum sk\u00f6mmtum, einnig man h\u00fan mj\u00f6g illa \u00fea\u00f0, sem gerist, er h\u00fan er \u00f6lvu\u00f0. – A\u00f0 skapger\u00f0 k\u00e1t og me\u00f0 k\u00f6flum \u00f3e\u00f0lilega k\u00e1t (hypomania) me\u00f0 geysilegt \u00edmyndunarafl og hugarflug. H\u00fan hefir veri\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00fdmisleg st\u00f6rf, en alls sta\u00f0ar komi\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00fat \u00far h\u00fasi, vegna \u00fej\u00f3fna\u00f0ar og \u00f3sanns\u00f6gli. Til st\u00f3rvandr\u00e6\u00f0a horfir um framt\u00ed\u00f0 hennar, allar l\u00e6kningatilraunir reynzt \u00e1rangurslausar.<\/font>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur: Psychopathia (myto-klepto-erotomania).<\/font>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 Lobotomia 21\/6. 1951.<\/font>
\nEftirranns\u00f3kn 5\/12. 1951. Eftir a\u00f0ger\u00f0 r\u00f3leg og ekki slj\u00f3. Hefir unni\u00f0 vi\u00f0 eldh\u00fasst\u00f6rf \u00ed h\u00e9ra\u00f0ssk\u00f3la \u00ed sveit, komi\u00f0 s\u00e9r vel. Kom til Reykjav\u00edkur (\u00e1 \u00fear heima) og dvaldi \u00fear \u00ed viku, og bar ekki \u00e1 neinu sj\u00faklegu.<\/font>
\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0 \u00c1rangur: Betri.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

Deilur um l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu h\u00e9rlendis<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt ge\u00f0l\u00e6knarnir (Alfre\u00f0, Kristj\u00e1n og e.t.v. fleiri), sem og a\u00f0rir l\u00e6knar, hafi v\u00edsa\u00f0 s\u00ednum sj\u00faklingum \u00ed l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu til Bjarna Oddssonar \u00e1 Landakotssp\u00edtala me\u00f0an hans naut vi\u00f0 var \u00e1hrifamesti ge\u00f0l\u00e6knir landsins, Helgi T\u00f3masson yfirl\u00e6knir \u00e1 Kleppi, algerlega m\u00f3tfallinn \u00feessari a\u00f0ger\u00f0. Sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt starfandi ge\u00f0l\u00e6knarnir h\u00f6mu\u00f0ust gegn Helga \u00ed dagbl\u00f6\u00f0um eftir a\u00f0 Bjarni Oddsson d\u00f3,\u00a0fl\u00f6ggu\u00f0u gjarna nafni hins fr\u00e6ga pr\u00f3fessors Busch (sj\u00e1 t.d. grein Alfre\u00f0s G\u00edslasonar, Seinheppin heilbrig\u00f0isstj\u00f3rn<\/a>, \u00ed T\u00edmanum<\/i> 23. j\u00fan\u00ed 1955) en vita\u00e1rangurslaust. \u00deeir \u00e1s\u00e6ldust a\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0u \u00e1 Kleppi, sennilega vildu \u00feeir fyrst og fremst f\u00e1 a\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0u til a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta gera l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur en einnig til a\u00f0 beita raflostum \u00e1 sj\u00faklinga s\u00edna. (Hluti bla\u00f0agreina\u00e1r\u00e1sanna er rakinn \u00ed f\u00e6rslunni Raflost vi\u00f0 ge\u00f0veiki h\u00e9rlendis<\/a>.)<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00deegar Helgi svara\u00f0i loks Alfre\u00f0 og f\u00e9l\u00f6gum, \u00ed greininni Rafrot vi\u00f0 ge\u00f0veiki, \u00ed Heilbrig\u00f0issk\u00fdrslum 1951<\/i> (sem komu \u00fat snemmsumars 1955) fjallar hann l\u00edti\u00f0 um l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed svari enda taldi hann a\u00f0ger\u00f0ina mun ska\u00f0minni en raflostme\u00f0fer\u00f0 og taldi hana auk \u00feess hafa \u201elifa\u00f0 sitt fegursta\u201c \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1verandi mynd. Hann segir \u00fe\u00f3 nokku\u00f0 af l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al \u00fatsk\u00fdrir hann hve \u00f3n\u00e1kv\u00e6m skur\u00f0a\u00f0ger\u00f0in sj\u00e1lf er \u00fev\u00ed:<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

[…] lega \u00fdmissa sv\u00e6\u00f0a \u00e1 heilayfirbor\u00f0inu er breytileg fr\u00e1 manni til manns og a\u00f0 mikil \u00f3regla (asymmetri) er \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig samsvarandi heilasv\u00e6\u00f0i liggja \u00ed h\u00e6gri og vinstri heilahelmingi \u00ed sama manni. \u00deegar skur\u00f0al\u00e6knar telja sig hafa skori\u00f0 \u00feetta e\u00f0a hitt s\u00e9rstaka sv\u00e6\u00f0i, getur \u00fear \u00fev\u00ed skakka\u00f0 miklu. \u00dea\u00f0 er m.\u00f6.o. \u00f3gerlegt a\u00f0 vita me\u00f0 vissu, hva\u00f0a heilasv\u00e6\u00f0i (area) ma\u00f0ur hittir e\u00f0a hva\u00f0a brautir ma\u00f0ur sker \u00ed sundur [- – -]<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Svo \u00f3n\u00e1kv\u00e6m skur\u00f0arger\u00f0 er a\u00f0 mati Helga T\u00f3massonar a\u00f0 tefla \u00e1 t\u00e6pasta va\u00f0 \u201esi\u00f0fer\u00f0ilega, lagalega og einnig l\u00e6knislega\u201c. Hann \u00fatlistar \u00e1lit sitt n\u00e1nar me\u00f0 \u00feessum h\u00e6tti:<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

M\u00e9r vir\u00f0ist a\u00f0ger\u00f0in yfirleitt ekki koma til greina, nema ma\u00f0ur \u00e6tli s\u00e9r a\u00f0 gera andlega \u201eamputation\u201c, sem \u00fe\u00f3 v\u00e6ri frekar \u201emutilation\u201c, \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 sl\u00edkri \u201eamputationsa\u00f0ger\u00f0\u201c svipar til \u00feess a\u00f0 ma\u00f0ur \u00e6tli s\u00e9r a\u00f0 gera venjulega \u201eamputation\u201c r\u00e9tt fyrir ofan \u00f6kla, en hitti liminn einhvers sta\u00f0ar \u00e1 milli \u00f6kla og n\u00e1ra, e\u00f0a lenti jafnvel stundum \u00ed kvi\u00f0arholi og n\u00e6\u00f0i \u00fe\u00e1 sk\u00e1stum \u00e1rangri me\u00f0 \u201eamputationinni\u201c.<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

\u00c1rangur l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00cd grein Alfre\u00f0s, Kristj\u00e1ns og Bjarna segir a\u00f0 skv. eftirranns\u00f3kn \u00e1 \u00feeim 20 sj\u00faklingum (af 28 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu\u00feegum 1948-51) sem ger\u00f0 var \u00ed okt.-des. 1951 hafi komi\u00f0 \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 9 sj\u00faklingum hafi batna\u00f0 alveg e\u00f0a mj\u00f6g, 7 sj\u00faklingar s\u00e9u betri, 1 sj\u00faklingur ofurl\u00edti\u00f0 betri og 2 hafi ekki batna\u00f0. Einn sj\u00faklingur l\u00e9st af a\u00f0ger\u00f0inni. Skv. \u00feessu hefur l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00eda skila\u00f0 yfir 80% sj\u00faklingah\u00f3psins bata, \u00fdmist fullum bata e\u00f0a a\u00f0 hluta. \u00dea\u00f0 er vitaskuld fr\u00e1b\u00e6r \u00e1rangur! Grein \u00edslensku l\u00e6knanna sker sig svo sem ekkert \u00far lofs\u00f6ng erlendra l\u00e6kna, t.d. danskra, laust eftir 1950. Og \u00edslensku dagbl\u00f6\u00f0in bergm\u00e1lu\u00f0u erlenda umfj\u00f6llun, sj\u00e1 t.d. lofgrein um s\u00e6nska heilaskur\u00f0l\u00e6kninn Olivecrona<\/a> \u00ed Vikubla\u00f0inu<\/i> \u00ed mars 1950 e\u00f0a\u00a0 Ungur ma\u00f0ur l\u00e6kna\u00f0ur af gl\u00e6pahneig\u00f0 me\u00f0 heilaskur\u00f0i<\/a>, \u00ed Al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ubla\u00f0inu<\/i> 17. okt. 1952. \u00cd febr\u00faar 1953 birti M\u00e1nudagsbla\u00f0i\u00f0<\/i> vi\u00f0tal vi\u00f0 \u00e1tr\u00fana\u00f0argo\u00f0 \u00edslenskra (ge\u00f0)l\u00e6kna, Eduard Busch, \u00fear sem haft er or\u00f0r\u00e9tt eftir honum um l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu: \u201eVi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum s\u00e9\u00f0 gerast sannk\u00f6llu\u00f0 kraftaverk eftir sl\u00edkar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir, og a\u00f0 bandvitlaust f\u00f3lk hafi fengi\u00f0 fullan bata.\u201c (\u00cd lok vi\u00f0talsins er svo skora\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00edslensk heilbrig\u00f0isyfirv\u00f6ld a\u00f0 kynna s\u00e9r \u00feessa a\u00f0ger\u00f0 og \u201elosa okkur vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1lit, a\u00f0 vera \u00e1litin vi\u00f0undur \u00e1 \u00feessu svi\u00f0i\u201c, \u00fearf ekki st\u00f3rkostlega t\u00falkunarh\u00e6fileika til a\u00f0 grilla \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6knana Alfre\u00f0 og Kristj\u00e1n bak vi\u00f0 \u00feessa \u00e1skorun).<\/font><\/p>\n

E\u00f0li m\u00e1lsins samkv\u00e6mt er erfitt a\u00f0 finna heimildir um afdrif einstaklinga sem hafa undirgengist l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu. H\u00e9r skulu \u00fe\u00f3 nefnd tv\u00f6 d\u00e6mi:<\/font><\/p>\n

\u00cd b\u00f3kinni Kleppur \u00ed 100 \u00e1r<\/i> rekur \u00d3ttar Gu\u00f0mundsson s\u00f6gu fr\u00e6nku sinnar, sem nefnd er I.S. \u00ed grein \u00feeirra Alfre\u00f0s, Kristj\u00e1ns og Bjarna. I.S. var 22 \u00e1ra fyrrverandi afgrei\u00f0slust\u00falka, greind me\u00f0 ge\u00f0klofa og haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 veik \u00ed fj\u00f6gur \u00e1r \u00feegar Bjarni Oddsson ger\u00f0i \u00e1 henni l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu (\u00e1\u00f0ur haf\u00f0i tvisvar sinnum veri\u00f0 reynt raflost vi\u00f0 sj\u00fakd\u00f3mnum). \u00deeir telja hana betri eftir a\u00f0ger\u00f0ina og l\u00fdsa \u00e1standi hennar, eftir l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu \u00ed febr\u00faar 1951, n\u00e1nar svo:<\/font><\/p>\n

Laga\u00f0ist fyrst miki\u00f0 eftir a\u00f0ger\u00f0, var r\u00f3leg, gl\u00f6\u00f0 og \u00e1n\u00e6g\u00f0, svefn g\u00f3\u00f0ur, ofurl\u00edti\u00f0 slj\u00f3 og votta\u00f0i fyrir autismus og h\u00e9lzt \u00feetta \u00ed 4 m\u00e1nu\u00f0i, en \u00fe\u00e1 byrja\u00f0i h\u00fan a\u00f0 flakka um, var\u00f0 slj\u00f3rri og kj\u00e1naleg (fatui\u00f0) \u00ed l\u00e1tbrag\u00f0i, var ekki \u00e6st og vann l\u00edti\u00f0 eitt vi\u00f0 h\u00fasst\u00f6rf.<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00d3ttar rekur s\u00f6guna \u00e1fram og segir a\u00f0 n\u00fd l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00eda hafi veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0 hinum megin \u00ed framheilanum sama \u00e1r og \u201evar\u00f0 h\u00fan s\u00e6milega r\u00f3leg \u00ed t\u00e6pt \u00e1r. \u00de\u00e1 lag\u00f0ist h\u00fan aftur \u00ed flakk, var\u00f0 mj\u00f6g masgefin, hortug og alveg \u00f3vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anleg. Svefninn mj\u00f6g l\u00e9legur.\u201c (s. 106). \u00cd grein Alfre\u00f0s o.fl. um l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu er ekki minnst \u00e1 a\u00f0 a\u00f0ger\u00f0in hafi veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0 aftur sem er einkennilegt. \u00deeir m\u00e1tu sj\u00faklinginn I.S. \u00ed okt\u00f3ber 1951 og \u00ed greininni er l\u00fdst eftirranns\u00f3knum \u00e1 sj\u00faklingum sem \u00feeir ger\u00f0u fram \u00ed desember 1951. E.t.v. hafa \u00feeir endurteki\u00f0 a\u00f0ger\u00f0ina seint \u00ed desember \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1r og \u00fe\u00e1 veri\u00f0 b\u00fanir a\u00f0 skila af s\u00e9r greininni.<\/font><\/p>\n

I.S. var l\u00f6g\u00f0 inn \u00e1 Kleppssp\u00edtala \u00ed jan\u00faar 1953 og var vi\u00f0lo\u00f0andi sp\u00edtalann til \u00e6viloka. Um \u00e1hrif l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edunnar segir \u00d3ttar:<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

H\u00fan bar greinilega \u00f6ll merki l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu, var mj\u00f6g fl\u00f6t og slj\u00f3 \u00ed \u00f6llum tilsv\u00f6rum og framg\u00f6ngu. Ekki s\u00fdndi h\u00fan nein ge\u00f0brig\u00f0i e\u00f0a skilning \u00feegar \u00e9g r\u00e6ddi vi\u00f0 hana um \u00e6ttingja sem \u00feekktum b\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a \u00e6skust\u00f6\u00f0var hennar \u00ed Vestmannaeyjum og Langholtshverfinu. L\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edan vir\u00f0ist hafa klippt \u00e1 allar tilfinningalegar tengingar hennar vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 l\u00edf sem h\u00fan eitt sinn lif\u00f0i.<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

<\/blockquote>\n

\u00cd minningargrein um \u00d3laf Geirsson<\/a>, \u00e1ri\u00f0 1965, skrifar fyrrverandi sj\u00faklingur hans af Berklah\u00e6linu \u00e1 V\u00edfilsst\u00f6\u00f0um athyglisver\u00f0a l\u00fdsingu \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hvernig l\u00e6knirinn, sem sj\u00faklingurinn treystir, talar hann me\u00f0 lagni til a\u00f0 fara \u00ed a\u00f0ger\u00f0 sem sj\u00faklingurinn haf\u00f0i illan bifur \u00e1. Vir\u00f0ist l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edan hafa l\u00edtinn sem engan \u00e1rangur hafa bori\u00f0 til b\u00f3ta sj\u00faklingnum en \u00fev\u00ed fer fjarri a\u00f0 hann beri kala til l\u00e6knisins \u00e1 eftir.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

\u00deegar \u00e9g kom a\u00f0 V\u00edfilsst\u00f6\u00f0um \u00e1ri\u00f0 1951, var \u00e9g sj\u00fak b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 s\u00e1l og l\u00edkama. Truflun \u00e1 efnaskiptum l\u00edkamans haf\u00f0i \u00fer\u00faga\u00f0 svo taugakerfi mitt a\u00f0 \u00ed algert \u00f3efni var komi\u00f0. \u00de\u00e1 t\u00f3ku \u00feessir m\u00e6tu mannvinir, \u00d3lafur heitinn og Helgi Ingvarsson, h\u00f6ndum saman og sl\u00f3gu um mig var\u00f0lokur [- – -] Og kom n\u00fa \u00d3lafi Geirssyni \u00ed hug heilager\u00f0 [svo] s\u00fa, er lobotomi nefnist og oft hefur reynst r\u00edk til \u00e1rangurs. \u00cdslenzkur l\u00e6knir var \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e1 l\u00edfi, sem f\u00e9kkst vi\u00f0 \u00feessar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir, Bjarni heitinn Oddsson. Blessu\u00f0 s\u00e9 minning hans. R\u00e9\u00f0i n\u00fa \u00d3lafur m\u00e9r a\u00f0 leita \u00feessa r\u00e1\u00f0s, en \u00e9g var lengi treg. Mun \u00fear hafa r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0 nokkru a\u00f0 \u00e9g hef aldrei veri\u00f0 kjarkkona og treg or\u00f0in a\u00f0 tr\u00faa \u00e1 \u00e1rangur. En \u00fe\u00f3 mun \u00fear mestu hafa r\u00e1\u00f0i\u00f0, a\u00f0 tilhugsunin vi\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta hr\u00f3fla vi\u00f0 \u00feessu vi\u00f0kv\u00e6ma l\u00edff\u00e6ri, heilanum, sk\u00f3p m\u00e9r beyg vi\u00f0 einhverja breytingu, er ver\u00f0a kynni \u00e1 sj\u00e1lfri m\u00e9r til hins lakara. \u00c9g \u00fe\u00e6f\u00f0i \u00fev\u00ed lengi \u00e1 m\u00f3ti. \u00d3lafur heitinn skildi mig \u00fat \u00ed \u00e6sar og s\u00f3tti m\u00e1l sitt ekki fast. Hann hvorki skipa\u00f0i n\u00e9 ba\u00f0. En hann setti sig ekki \u00far f\u00e6ri a\u00f0 bera \u00fe\u00e6r a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir af \u00feessu tagi \u00ed tal, sem hann kunni s\u00f6gur af. Segja m\u00e9r fr\u00e1 \u00feeim og \u00e1rangri \u00feeirra, einnig a\u00f0 \u00fatlista fyrir m\u00e9r, \u00ed hverju \u00fe\u00e6r v\u00e6ru f\u00f3lgnar og \u00e1rangur \u00feeirra, r\u00e9tt eins og hann v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 r\u00e6\u00f0a vi\u00f0 jafningi vi\u00f0 jafningja sinn. \u00deessum h\u00e6verska \u00e1r\u00f3\u00f0ri h\u00e9lt hann \u00e1fram uns \u00e9g f\u00f3r a\u00f0 linast. Hugsa\u00f0i loks sem svo, a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 miki\u00f0 hef\u00f0i \u00d3lafur fyrir mig gert, a\u00f0 skylt v\u00e6ri a\u00f0 s\u00fdna honum \u00fea\u00f0 traust a\u00f0 hl\u00edta r\u00e1\u00f0um hans. Var svo a\u00f0ger\u00f0in ger\u00f0. En me\u00f0 \u00fevi a\u00f0 sj\u00fakd\u00f3murinn var b\u00fainn a\u00f0 leika mig gr\u00e1tt, var \u00e9g nokku\u00f0 lengi a\u00f0 n\u00e1 m\u00e9r \u00e1 eftir. Gekk svo fyrsta \u00e1ri\u00f0, a\u00f0 \u00e1 mig s\u00f3ttu ge\u00f0truflanir, sem l\u00fdstu s\u00e9r \u00ed \u00feunglyndi og \u00fdmis konar firrum. Dvaldi \u00e9g \u00ed skj\u00f3li \u00feeirra V\u00edfilssta\u00f0al\u00e6kna \u2014 og hef \u00e9g oft hugsa\u00f0 til \u00feess me\u00f0 kinnro\u00f0a, hve \u00fereytandi sj\u00faklingur \u00e9g hl\u00fdt a\u00f0 hafa veri\u00f0 \u00feennan t\u00edma.<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Helgi T\u00f3masson segir a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafi komi\u00f0 til greina af sinni h\u00e1lfu a\u00f0 beita l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu \u00e1 \u00ferj\u00e1 sj\u00faklinga \u00e1 Kleppi en af \u00fev\u00ed hafi ekki or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed ekki n\u00e1\u00f0ist samkomulag um hvernig a\u00f0ger\u00f0inni skyldi haga\u00f0. (S.s. nefnt var h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan bl\u00f6skra\u00f0i Helga hversu \u00f3n\u00e1kv\u00e6m prefrontal l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edan var.) Tveimur af \u00feessum \u00feremur sj\u00faklingum hafi svo batna\u00f0 talsvert af sj\u00e1lfu s\u00e9r.<\/font><\/p>\n

Um reynsluna af l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edusj\u00faklingum segir Helgi T\u00f3masson:<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

… vi\u00f0 h\u00f6fum n\u00fa \u00e1 seinustu 4 \u00e1rum fengi\u00f0 \u00e1 sp\u00edtalann 8 sj\u00faklinga, sem a\u00f0ger\u00f0 \u00feessi hefur veri\u00f0 ger\u00f0 \u00e1. Eru \u00feeir allir \u00f3b\u00e6tanlegir og sl\u00edk hrygg\u00f0armynd andlegs t\u00f3mleika, a\u00f0 mj\u00f6g forhertan mann \u00feyrfti til \u00feess a\u00f0 tefla s\u00ednum n\u00e1nustu e\u00f0a skj\u00f3lst\u00e6\u00f0ingi s\u00ednum \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 tv\u00eds\u00fdnu a\u00f0 geta or\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00feannig fyrir a\u00f0ger\u00f0, sem aldrei getur talizt l\u00edfsnau\u00f0synleg<\/i>.<\/font><\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00a0\u00a0 <\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

<\/b><\/p>\n

Ni\u00f0urlag<\/font><\/b><\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 er skelfilegt til \u00feess a\u00f0 hugsa a\u00f0 \u00cdsland hef\u00f0i geta\u00f0 skara\u00f0 r\u00e6kilega fram \u00far \u00ed l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edu-a\u00f0ger\u00f0um heimsins \u00e1 sj\u00f6tta \u00e1ratug s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar, n\u00f3gu vel st\u00f3\u00f0u \u00cdslendingar sig \u00ed \u00feau fimm \u00e1r sem svona a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir voru ger\u00f0ar h\u00e9rlendis. \u00cd rauninni var bara tvennt sem kom \u00ed veg fyrir a\u00f0 svo yr\u00f0i: Annars vegar sterk og \u00f3bifanleg andsta\u00f0a Helga T\u00f3mssonar, yfirl\u00e6knis \u00e1 Kleppi, og hins vegar a\u00f0 skur\u00f0l\u00e6knirinn sem ger\u00f0i \u00feessar a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir l\u00e9st \u00ed b\u00edlslysi \u00ed september 1953. Hef\u00f0u sj\u00e1lfst\u00e6tt starfandi ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar \u00ed Reykjav\u00edk haft n\u00e6ga bur\u00f0i til a\u00f0 koma s\u00e9r upp annarri a\u00f0st\u00f6\u00f0u til a\u00f0 gera l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edur \u00e6ttum vi\u00f0 \u00f6rugglega \u00feetta \u00f3hugnalega heimsmet.<\/font>
\n\u00a0
\n\u00a0
\n\u00a0
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Heimildir a\u00f0rar en \u00fe\u00e6r sem kr\u00e6kt er \u00ed \u00far f\u00e6rslunni<\/b>:<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n

Alfre\u00f0 G\u00edslason, Bjarni Oddsson og Kristj\u00e1n \u00deorvar\u00f0sson. Lobotomia. L\u00e6knabla\u00f0i\u00f0<\/i> 36. \u00e1rg., 7. tbl. 1952.<\/font><\/p>\n

Bjarni J\u00f3nsson. \u00c1 Landakoti. <\/i>Setberg 1988.<\/font><\/p>\n

Helgi T\u00f3masson. Rafrot vi\u00f0 ge\u00f0veiki. Heilbrig\u00f0ist\u00ed\u00f0indi 1951.<\/i> \u00datg. af landl\u00e6kni 1955.<\/font><\/p>\n

Kragh, Jesper Vaczy.\u00a0Det hvide snit. Psykokirurgi og dansk psykiatri 1922-1983<\/i>. Syddansk Universitetsforlag. 2010.<\/p>\n

\u00d3ttar Gu\u00f0mundsson. Kleppur \u00ed 100 \u00e1r<\/i>. JVP \u00fatg\u00e1fa, 2007.<\/font>
\n\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00dea\u00f0 er ekki l\u00edklegt a\u00f0 \u00edslenskir ge\u00f0l\u00e6knar snemma \u00e1 fimmta \u00e1ratug s\u00ed\u00f0ustu aldar hafi s\u00e9\u00f0 l\u00f3b\u00f3t\u00f3m\u00edusj\u00fakling me\u00f0 eigin augum \u00e1\u00f0ur en \u00feeir\u00a0h\u00f3fu a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta\u00a0framkv\u00e6ma svolei\u00f0is a\u00f0ger\u00f0ir \u00e1\u00a0s\u00ednum sj\u00faklingum (nema kannski Gunnar \u00de. Benjam\u00ednsson sem starfa\u00f0i …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-511","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saga_gedlaekninga"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/511","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=511"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/511\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":574,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/511\/revisions\/574"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=511"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=511"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=511"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}