{"id":739,"date":"2014-01-05T18:56:27","date_gmt":"2014-01-05T18:56:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.harpahreins.com\/blogg\/?p=739"},"modified":"2014-01-05T23:08:41","modified_gmt":"2014-01-05T23:08:41","slug":"hysteria-eda-modursyki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2014\/01\/05\/hysteria-eda-modursyki\/","title":{"rendered":"Hyster\u00eda e\u00f0a m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdki"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd \u00feessari f\u00e6rslu og \u00feeim n\u00e6stu ver\u00f0a sko\u00f0a\u00f0ar hugmyndir l\u00e6kna um hyster\u00edu (m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdki), dularfullan sj\u00fakd\u00f3m sem einkum hrj\u00e1ir kvenf\u00f3lk. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e9g hef \u00e1huga \u00e1 a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a \u00feetta efni eru nokkrar. M\u00e1 nefna a\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u00e9g tel a\u00f0 rekja megi \u00fdmsar hugmyndir n\u00fat\u00edma ge\u00f0l\u00e6kna, e\u00f0a \u00f6llu heldur go\u00f0sagnir sem \u00feeir hafa fyrir sannar, til gamalla hugmynda um hyster\u00edu. S\u00f6mulei\u00f0is m\u00e1 benda \u00e1 a\u00f0 hyster\u00eda lifir enn g\u00f3\u00f0u l\u00edfi \u00ed greiningarlyklum ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma \u00fe\u00f3tt undir \u00f6\u00f0rum heitum s\u00e9. V\u00edsindalegar ranns\u00f3knir dr. Charcot \u00e1 hyster\u00edu sem ur\u00f0u til a\u00f0 koma sj\u00fakd\u00f3mnum virkilega \u00ed t\u00edsku me\u00f0al ge\u00f0-og taugal\u00e6kna \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma er l\u00edka fr\u00f3\u00f0legt a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a til a\u00f0 \u00e1tta sig \u00e1 hvers lags v\u00edsindi voru (og jafnvel eru) stundu\u00f0 \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6kningum en ekki hva\u00f0 s\u00edst til a\u00f0 varpa lj\u00f3si \u00e1 samspil sj\u00faklinga og l\u00e6kna \u00ed sj\u00fakd\u00f3msgreiningu og me\u00f0fer\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma.<\/p>\n<p>Bloggi\u00f0 mitt er \u00f6\u00f0rum \u00fer\u00e6\u00f0i mitt eigi\u00f0 gagnasafn svo \u00feessi f\u00e6rsla einkennist talsvert af mj\u00f6g l\u00f6ngum beinum tilvitnunum \u00ed texta annarra, sem \u00e9g get svo v\u00edsa\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00ed samantekt\/umfj\u00f6llun um efni\u00f0.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Hyster\u00eda er gamalt sj\u00fakd\u00f3msheiti og er nafni\u00f0 dregi\u00f0 af gr\u00edska or\u00f0inu hystera (\u1f51\u03c3\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1) sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir leg\/m\u00f3\u00f0url\u00edf. \u00c1 \u00edslensku var til skamms t\u00edma notast vi\u00f0 or\u00f0i\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdki til a\u00f0 \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0a hyster\u00edu, \u00edslenska or\u00f0i\u00f0 er l\u00edklega hugsa\u00f0 eins og or\u00f0i\u00f0 hyster\u00eda. Seint \u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ustu \u00f6ld t\u00f3k or\u00f0i\u00f0 sefas\u00fdki vi\u00f0 en n\u00fana eru notu\u00f0 \u00f3gagns\u00e6rri or\u00f0 yfir hyster\u00edu.<\/p>\n<p>Fr\u00e1 fornu fari var legi\u00f0 tali\u00f0 \u00f3st\u00f6\u00f0ugt l\u00edff\u00e6ri sem gat fl\u00e6kst um l\u00edkama konunnar: \u201e [\u2026] m\u00f3\u00f0url\u00edfi\u00f0 lyfti s\u00e9r upp \u00far grindinni og teyg\u00f0i sig upp \u00ed holi\u00f0 (ascensus uteri), jafnvel alla lei\u00f0 upp \u00ed h\u00e1ls (globus hystericus)\u201f. (Tilvitnun \u00ed Hirsch 1886 \u00ed Vilmundur J\u00f3nsson. 1949:264). Allt fram \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld (og jafnvel lengur) r\u00f6ktu menn \u00fdmsa kvilla sem hrj\u00e1\u00f0u konur til m\u00f3\u00f0url\u00edfsins, ekki hva\u00f0 s\u00edst ge\u00f0r\u00e6na kvilla, \u00fe\u00f3tt tengsl kvillanna vi\u00f0 l\u00edff\u00e6ri\u00f0 v\u00e6ru oft \u00e1 t\u00ed\u00f0um algerlega \u00f3lj\u00f3s.<\/p>\n<p>S\u00ed\u00f0ari hluti n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar og upphaf \u00feeirrar tuttugustu var gull\u00f6ld hyster\u00edunnar, m\u00e1 segja a\u00f0 hyster\u00edufaraldur hafi geisa\u00f0 um Evr\u00f3pu \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma. \u00de\u00f3tt karlar v\u00e6ru greindir hyster\u00edskir af og til var hyster\u00edan fyrst og fremst kvennasj\u00fakd\u00f3mur.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hyster\u00eda \u00e1 \u00cdsland \u00e1 fyrri t\u00ed\u00f0<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>H\u00e9r \u00e1 \u00cdslandi er hyster\u00edu l\u00edti\u00f0 geti\u00f0 fyrr en komi\u00f0 er seint \u00e1 \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld, eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00e9g kemst n\u00e6st. Seinni t\u00edma l\u00e6knar, t.d. Sigurj\u00f3n J\u00f3nsson, sem skrifa\u00f0i b\u00f3kina <em>S\u00f3ttarfar og sj\u00fakd\u00f3mar \u00e1 \u00cdslandi 1400-1800<\/em>, \u00fatg. 1944, hafa vilja\u00f0 t\u00falka \u00fdmsar l\u00fdsingar \u00ed eldri ritum sem hyster\u00edu en eru \u00fe\u00e1 a\u00f0 t\u00falka textana \u00fat fr\u00e1 eigin hugmyndum um sj\u00fakd\u00f3minn hyster\u00edu, sem segir vitaskuld takmarka\u00f0 um hugmyndir manna \u00e1 \u00feeim t\u00edma sem \u00feeir voru skrifa\u00f0ir. \u00de\u00f3 m\u00e1 finna einst\u00f6k g\u00f6mul \u00edslensk d\u00e6mi um sj\u00fakd\u00f3msgreininguna hyster\u00edu, \u00e1 sautj\u00e1ndu og \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld.<\/p>\n<p>Sr. \u00deorkell Arngr\u00edmsson, sem var mennta\u00f0ur l\u00e6knir auk prestskapar, getur hyster\u00edu me\u00f0 nafni einu sinni \u00ed sinni l\u00e6kningadagb\u00f3k, sem hann h\u00e9lt fr\u00e1 1652 og l\u00edklega til \u00e6viloka 1677. Frumhandrit \u00deorkels hefur ekki var\u00f0veist en uppskriftin er talin \u00e1rei\u00f0anleg. \u00cd \u00feessu eina d\u00e6mi, merkt XX og \u00e1rsett 1657, segir af fimmtugri konu sem haldin er \u201edolor hystericis\u201f, me\u00f0 miklum kv\u00ed\u00f0a og svefnleysi. Sr. \u00deorkell byrja\u00f0i \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u201ehreinsa l\u00edkamann\u201f me\u00f0 laxerandi lyfi leyst upp \u00ed v\u00ednanda (spiritus aureus), og gefa einhver jurtalyf sem \u00e1ttu a\u00f0 virka s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1 legi\u00f0 (herba uterina). Til a\u00f0 vinna \u00e1 svefnleysinu gaf hann daglega \u00f3p\u00edumlyf (Pilulae Laudani uterinae Hartmanni) og r\u00e1\u00f0lag\u00f0i jafnframt a\u00f0 samsett duft, t\u00e6p 4 gr\u00f6mm, skyldi leysa upp \u00ed hv\u00edtv\u00edni og drekka \u00ed einum sopa \u00e1 hverjum degi. \u00cd duftinu var hv\u00edtt raf (succinum albi), mulin hjartarhorn (cornu cervi philosophice praeparatum) og rau\u00f0ur k\u00f3rall (corallium rubrorum). Ekki segir hve marga daga beita skyldi \u00feessum lyfjum og ekki segir af \u00e1rangri me\u00f0fer\u00f0arinnar.<\/p>\n<p>Vilmundur J\u00f3nsson landl\u00e6knir, sem s\u00e1 um \u00fatg\u00e1fu l\u00e6knadagb\u00f3kar sr. \u00deorkels \u00e1ri\u00f0 1949, telur a\u00f0 \u00ed sex \u00f6\u00f0rum sj\u00fakd\u00f3ms\/l\u00e6kningaskr\u00e1m \u00deorkels s\u00e9u d\u00e6mi um m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdki. \u00cd \u00feeim notar \u00deorkell ekki or\u00f0i\u00f0 hyster\u00eda og er \u00f3m\u00f6gulegt a\u00f0 vita hvort hann taldi sj\u00fakd\u00f3mseinkennin til hyster\u00edu e\u00f0a hvort \u00fea\u00f0 er s\u00ed\u00f0ari t\u00edma t\u00falkun Vilmundar J\u00f3nssonar.<\/p>\n<p>R\u00e9tt t\u00e6pum 140 \u00e1rum s\u00ed\u00f0ar l\u00fdsir Sveinn P\u00e1lsson hyster\u00edu \u00edtarlega \u00ed greininni <a href=\"http:\/\/timarit.is\/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=968773\">Tilraun a\u00f0 upptelja sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma \u00fe\u00e1 er a\u00f0 bana ver\u00f0a og or\u00f0i\u00f0 geta f\u00f3lki \u00e1 \u00cdslandi<\/a>, sem birtist \u00ed <em>Riti \u00feess (konunglega) \u00edslenzka l\u00e6rd\u00f3mslistaf\u00e9lags<\/em> \u00e1ri\u00f0 1794. (Titillinn kr\u00e6kir \u00ed umfj\u00f6llunina um hyster\u00edu, s. 128-130, \u00e1 timarit.is.) Sveinn rekur l\u00edklegar orsakir sj\u00fakd\u00f3msins og bendir \u00e1 l\u00e6knisr\u00e1\u00f0. M\u00f6rg l\u00e6knisr\u00e1\u00f0anna eru m\u00f3\u00f0ins n\u00fa \u00e1 t\u00edmum vi\u00f0 \u00fdmsum \u00feeim krankleik sem illa gengur a\u00f0 l\u00e6kna me\u00f0 hef\u00f0bundinni l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a eru talinn \u00e6skilegur l\u00edfst\u00edll.<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e9r er texti Sveins P\u00e1lssonar \u00ed grein 58 stafr\u00e9ttur en \u00e9g hef b\u00e6tt \u00ed hann greinaskilum:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">M\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdki (hysteria, Modersyge) er almennr kvennasi\u00fakd\u00f3mr h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi, \u00e1 \u00fe\u00f3 eckert skyldt vi\u00f0 k\u00e9lis\u00fdki e\u00f0r br\u00f3kars\u00f3tt (erotomania five [sive?] nymphomania), sem margra fl\u00f6kku [?] l\u00e6kna meining er. Si\u00faklingar \u00feessir quarta \u00fer\u00e1falt um veiki s\u00edna, sk\u00edra n\u00e6rsta \u00edtarliga og fabreitit fr\u00e1 henni, plaga\u00f0ar eru \u00fe\u00e6r s\u00e9rdeilis af ropum, vindg\u00e1ngi og upp\u00feembu, finnz \u00feeim k\u00f8ckr st\u00edgi upp\u00ed h\u00e1lsinn, og \u00fe\u00e6r \u00e6tle a\u00f0 missa andann, stundum er sem bandi s\u00e9 reyrt um br\u00edngsmalirnar og bri\u00f3stit, \u00fe\u00e6r eru aldrei nema at geispa [?], \u00fei\u00e1z af hrolli, kulda og einhverslags umsl\u00f8gti \u00ed kroppnum enda \u00fe\u00f3tt heitt s\u00e9 \u00ed ve\u00f0ri, stundum hlaupa sina dr\u00e6ttir hingat og \u00fe\u00e1ngat \u00ed kroppnum \u00edmist sem kaldt vatn renni milli skinns og h\u00f8runds, \u00edmist me\u00f0 fli\u00fagandi hita, sem \u00ed augabragdi \u00fe\u00fdtur upp\u00ed andlit \u00feeim, \u00fe\u00e6r f\u00e1 hr\u00e6\u00f0slu og sinnis \u00f3r\u00f3leik af hveriu einu, jafnvel aungvit og ni\u00f0rfalls teygiur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u00devag \u00feeirra er optast kl\u00e1rt og mikit, har\u00f0l\u00edfi, hiartsl\u00e1ttr, h\u00f8fu\u00f0p\u00edna og \u00fe\u00fangsinni er \u00feeim eiginlegt, kallar f\u00f3lk \u00feetta alt k\u00f8ldu, uppst\u00edganda, gi\u00f8rninga, og n\u00e6r \u00fev\u00ed alt er n\u00f8fnum ti\u00e1er at nefna.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">H\u00f8fu\u00f0 orsakir \u00feessarar veiki me\u00f0al alm\u00faga eru: allra handa \u00fareglur, og sm\u00e1 meinsemdir \u00ed mo\u00f0irl\u00edfinu, illa me\u00f0 h\u00f8ndla\u00f0ar s\u00f3ttir, m\u00e1na\u00f0ar teppa, og har\u00f0ar f\u00e6\u00f0ingar; enn fleira hi\u00e1lpar h\u00e9r til, svo sem vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mni sina-kerfisins, sem kvennf\u00f3lki er eigenligra en karlm\u00f8nnum, br\u00e1\u00f0lindi, sorg, illa lucka\u00f0r ki\u00e6rleiki, og fleira \u00fev\u00edlikt;<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">l\u00e6kn\u00edngarm\u00e1tin \u00ed veiki \u00feessari er n\u00e6sta l\u00e1ngsamr, og einkum innifalin \u00ed n\u00e1kv\u00e6mri lifna\u00f0ar or\u00f0u; allskyns jar\u00f0argr\u00f3\u00f0i og maturtir, skulu \u00feessara si\u00faklinga helsta f\u00e6\u00f0a \u00e1 \u00f8llum \u00e1rsins t\u00ed\u00f0um, einkum \u00e1 morgna e\u00f0r framann af deigi, enn minna af ki\u00f8ti, feit\u00e6tum, f\u00ednu brau\u00f0i e\u00f0r s\u00e9rmeti, allskyns \u00e1feingir dryckir ska\u00f0a, enn fyri dagligann dryck er eckert betra en n\u00fdmi\u00f3lk og mysa, samt \u00feess\u00e1milli vallhumals-thee.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Mi\u00f8g r\u00ed\u00f0r \u00e1 at h\u00e6g\u00f0ir s\u00e9u \u00e6t\u00ed\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0ar, og er teygr af k\u00f8ldu vatni druckinn hvern morgun fastandi, sumum \u00fear til einkar g\u00f3\u00f0r; annars m\u00e1 \u00feess\u00e1milli, br\u00faka st\u00f3lp\u00edpur og h\u00e6gt laxerandi me\u00f0\u00f8l.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Ydiuleisi er n\u00e6rsta ska\u00f0ligt, enn f\u00e1 s\u00e9r sem flest til at gi\u00f8ra, \u00feeinkia sem skialdnast um si\u00e1lfan sig, og nockru fyrir middeiges-matar nautn taka s\u00e9r g\u00f3\u00f0a hr\u00e6r\u00edng, er \u00f3missandi; \u00feessi lifna\u00f0ar or\u00f0a, er nau\u00f0synlig hver helst sem ors\u00f8kinn er til nefnds veikleika, \u00feara\u00f0auk \u00fearf nockr me\u00f0\u00f8l.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">S\u00e9 \u00fe\u00e1 innvortis teppur ors\u00f8kinn, skal jafna\u00f0arliga br\u00faka uppleysandi p\u00falver, qvikr\u00f3ta [?] seydi, vallar f\u00edfla r\u00f3ta sey\u00f0i og svo framveigis. S\u00e9 teppt m\u00e1na\u00f0ar\u00e1s \u00ed veigi, skal r\u00e1\u00f0a b\u00f3t \u00fear \u00e1; eins ef veikin hefir sinn uppruna af ormum e\u00f0r \u00f8\u00f0rum si\u00fakd\u00f3mum, skal fyrst undir\u00fevinga \u00fe\u00e1. Bl\u00f3\u00f0 skal \u00feeim feitu og holdigu taka 2r e\u00f0a 3svar \u00e1 \u00e1ri framum 60s aldur. S\u00e9 ofur kraptaleysi l\u00edkamanns og sina kerfisins ors\u00f8k, eru k\u00f8ld si\u00f3ar- e\u00f0r vatnsb\u00f8\u00f0 n\u00e6sta \u00fe\u00e9nanlig. Annars fylgi sinadr\u00e6ttir, eru m\u00f3\u00f0ur-pill\u00farnar eins br\u00faka\u00f0ar og sagt er \u00ed [grein] 55 nau\u00f0synlegar.<\/p>\n<p>Grein 55 fjallar um t\u00ed\u00f0ateppu. \u00c1 s. 125 er minnst \u00e1 m\u00f3\u00f0urpillur og innihaldsefni \u00feeirra rakin \u00ed ne\u00f0anm\u00e1lsgrein en \u00e9g skil ekki hver \u00feau eru nema \u00fea\u00f0 sem seinna var nefnt laukdropar en eiga ekkert skylt vi\u00f0 lauk, sj\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00ed f\u00e6rslunni. Ekki veit \u00e9g hva\u00f0 qvikr\u00f3ta sey\u00f0i er en dettur \u00ed hug sey\u00f0i af r\u00f3tum h\u00fasapunts sem heitir kvickrot \u00e1 s\u00e6nsku, almindelig kvik \u00e1 d\u00f6nsku. Sey\u00f0i af \u00feeim r\u00f3tum er s\u00e6tt \u00e1 brag\u00f0i\u00f0 og \u00fe\u00f3tti hollur drykkur, jafnvel me\u00f0 l\u00e6kningam\u00e1tt, \u00ed Skandinav\u00edu. \u00c9g man hins vegar ekki til \u00feess a\u00f0 hafa s\u00e9\u00f0 h\u00fasapunts geti\u00f0 \u00ed eldri umfj\u00f6llun um \u00edslensk jurtalyf.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Hyster\u00eda kvenf\u00f3lks sl\u00f3 gersamlega \u00ed gegn sem spennandi ge\u00f0sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur fyrir l\u00e6kna \u00feegar franski taugal\u00e6knirinn Jean-Martin Charcot h\u00f3f hana til vegs og vir\u00f0ingar \u00e1 \u00e1ttunda \u00e1ratug 19. aldar. Segir af \u00e1huga Charcot og v\u00edsindalegum ranns\u00f3knum hans \u00e1 fyrirb\u00e6rinu \u00ed n\u00e6stu f\u00e6rslu. L\u00edklega s\u00e9r \u00feessara vins\u00e6lda merki \u00ed <a title=\"L\u00e6kningab\u00f3k handa al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0u \u00e1 \u00cdslandi\" href=\"http:\/\/pds.lib.harvard.edu\/pds\/view\/7079281?n=357&amp;imagesize=1200&amp;jp2Res=.5&amp;printThumbnails=no\"><em>L\u00e6kningab\u00f3k handa al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0u \u00e1 \u00cdslandi<\/em><\/a> J\u00f3nasar J\u00f3nassen l\u00e6knis, sem kom \u00fat r\u00e9tt t\u00e6pri \u00f6ld eftir a\u00f0 Sveinn P\u00e1lsson skrifa\u00f0i s\u00edna l\u00fdsingu \u00e1 hyster\u00edu, e\u00f0a 1884. (H\u00e9r er kr\u00e6kt \u00ed umfj\u00f6llun um hyster\u00edu \u00ed stafr\u00e6nni \u00fatg\u00e1fu b\u00f3karinnar.)<\/p>\n<p>J\u00f3nas helga\u00f0i sj\u00fakd\u00f3mnum m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdki heilan kafla \u00ed b\u00f3k sinni, s. 349-354, og gerir \u00fev\u00ed sk\u00f3na a\u00f0 veikin hrj\u00e1i einungis konur. S\u00e9u umfjallarnir Sveins og J\u00f3nasar bornar saman s\u00e9st vel hvernig sj\u00fakd\u00f3mshugtaki\u00f0 hefur t\u00fatna\u00f0 \u00fat; sj\u00fakd\u00f3mseinkennin eru or\u00f0in miklu fleiri og fj\u00f6lbreyttari, en l\u00e6kningara\u00f0fer\u00f0ir eru jafn f\u00e1breyttar sem fyrr.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd upphafi segir J\u00f3nas J\u00f3nassen: \u201eM\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdki er sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur, sem dregur nafn sitt af l\u00edfm\u00f3\u00f0urinni (barnsleginu), af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 menn \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00e1 t\u00edmum (eins og reyndar nokkrir gj\u00f6ra enn) \u00e1litu a\u00f0 veikin hef\u00f0i a\u00f0aluppt\u00f6k s\u00edn \u00ed barnsleginu. N\u00fa sko\u00f0a allflestir m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdkina sem taugakennda veiki, sem sjerstaklega l\u00fdsir sjer me\u00f0 \u00e6sing \u00ed \u00f6llu taugakerfinu og miklu \u00f3lagi \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed.\u201f \u00cd ne\u00f0anm\u00e1lsgrein l\u00e6tur hans \u00feess geti\u00f0 a\u00f0 \u201eAlmenningur nefnir \u00feessa veiki opt \u201ehjartveiki\u201f \u201e\u00feankabrot\u201f \u201ea\u00f0 kvennma\u00f0urinn sje me\u00f0 \u00feungum \u00fe\u00f6nkum\u201f o.s.frv.\u201d<\/p>\n<p>A\u00f0 mati J\u00f3nasar J\u00f3nassen er hyster\u00eda afar algeng, einkum \u00ed sveitum:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Hjer \u00e1 landi er, eins og flestum er kunnugt, m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdkin mj\u00f6g almenn, og dregur \u00e1n efa margt til \u00feess; h\u00fan vir\u00f0ist vera langtum almennari til sveita en \u00ed kaupst\u00f6\u00f0um; hver ors\u00f6kin er til \u00feessa skal \u00e9g l\u00e1ta \u00f3sagt; \u00fea\u00f0 \u00feykist jeg sannf\u00e6r\u00f0ur um, a\u00f0 lifna\u00f0arh\u00e1ttur og allt heimilisl\u00edfi\u00f0 til sveita eigi hjer mestan hlut a\u00f0 m\u00e1li. (s. 353)<\/p>\n<p>J\u00f3nas setur fram kenningu um ors\u00f6k hyster\u00edu. H\u00fan stafar au\u00f0vita\u00f0 af \u00f3lagi, ekki \u00e1 bo\u00f0efnaskiptum heilans eins og n\u00fat\u00edmage\u00f0l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i leggur oft \u00e1herslu \u00e1 e\u00f0a fl\u00e6kingi legsins eins og gamla l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0in ger\u00f0i r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir, heldur \u00e1 \u00f3lagi \u00ed samsetningu bl\u00f3\u00f0sins. Hins vegar geta sj\u00fakd\u00f3mseinkennin komi\u00f0 fram \u00ed margv\u00edslegu \u00f3lagi \u00e1 \u201c\u00e1 \u00f6llu \u00fev\u00ed, er snertir f\u00e6\u00f0ingarparta kvennmannsins\u201d. Hyster\u00eda er arfgeng a\u00f0 mati J\u00f3nasar. \u00cd lei\u00f0inni bendir hann \u00e1 a\u00f0 \u00feetta s\u00e9 l\u00famsk s\u00f3tt sem geti vel or\u00f0i\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 einhver b\u00f3ndinn e\u00f0a eiginma\u00f0urinn kaupi k\u00f6ttinn \u00ed sekknum:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Veikin byrjar aldrei allt \u00ed einu heldur sm\u00e1tt og sm\u00e1tt, og \u00fev\u00ed er \u00fea\u00f0, a\u00f0 h\u00fan opt og t\u00ed\u00f0um er byrju\u00f0 l\u00f6ngu \u00e1\u00f0ur en nokkurn varir; h\u00fan byrjar optast n\u00e6r \u00e1 aldrinum fr\u00e1 16-30 \u00e1ra, og \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1liti\u00f0 sannreynt, a\u00f0 h\u00fan n\u00e6stum eing\u00f6ngu kemur \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1, sem eiga taugaveikla\u00f0a \u00ed \u00e6tt sinni; \u00fea\u00f0 er algengt a\u00f0 d\u00f3ttirin erfi veikina eptir m\u00f3\u00f0ur s\u00edna. \u00c1 m\u00f3\u00f0ursj\u00fakum kvennmanni er samsetning bl\u00f3\u00f0sins \u00e1vallt r\u00f6ng, og eru \u00f6ll l\u00edkindi til, a\u00f0 \u00feetta sje ein af a\u00f0alundirr\u00f3tum veikinnar, sem kemur fram \u00ed svo \u00f3endanlega m\u00f6rgum myndum, en sem langoptast er samfara j\u00f3mfr\u00fargulu, hinu svo nefnda bl\u00f3\u00f0leysi og \u00f6llu hinu margv\u00edslega \u00f3lagi, sem er \u00e1 meltingunni og sjerstaklega \u00e1 \u00f6llu \u00fev\u00ed, er snertir f\u00e6\u00f0ingarparta kvennmannsins \u00e1 hinum \u00e1\u00f0ur um getna aldri. \u00dea\u00f0 ber eigi allsjaldan vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdkin \u00fej\u00e1ir \u00feann kvennmann, sem fyrir manna sj\u00f3num l\u00edtur hraustlega og bl\u00f3mlega \u00fat, en allt fyrir \u00fea\u00f0 er sannreynt a\u00f0 s\u00e1 kvennma\u00f0ur reynist \u00feoll\u00edtill og miklu lakari til allrar vinnu en ma\u00f0ur skyldi \u00e6tla, a\u00f0 d\u00e6ma eptir \u00fatliti hennar, og \u00e1 \u00feetta r\u00f3t s\u00edna \u00ed hinni r\u00f6ngu samsetning bl\u00f3\u00f0sins. (s. 350)<\/p>\n<p>Um einkenni sj\u00fakd\u00f3msins segir J\u00f3nas: \u201eM\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdkin l\u00fdsir sjer me\u00f0 \u00f3endanlega m\u00f6rgu og margv\u00edslegu m\u00f3ti, svo a\u00f0 eigi er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 gefa neina l\u00fdsingu \u00e1 veikinni, sem \u00e1 vi\u00f0 \u00ed hvert skipti.\u201f (s. 350) Hann gerir svo sitt besta til a\u00f0 telja upp einhver af \u00feessum \u00f3endanlega margv\u00edslegu einkennum \u00e1 s. 351-353. \u00deetta er au\u00f0vita\u00f0 \u00f3metanleg sj\u00fakd\u00f3msl\u00fdsing svo h\u00fan er birt h\u00e9r n\u00e1nast \u00f3stytt, myndskreytingar eru m\u00ednar:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u00c6singin, sem er \u00ed taugakerfinu, l\u00fdsir sjer sjerstaklega me\u00f0 \u00e1kaflega n\u00e6mri tilfinningu, og hva\u00f0 snertir skilningarvitin, \u00fe\u00e1 ber opt og t\u00ed\u00f0um mj\u00f6g miki\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 taugar \u00feeirra eru \u00ed \u00e6singu; \u00feannig sj\u00e1um vjer mj\u00f6g t\u00edtt a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0ursj\u00fakur kvennma\u00f0ur \u00feolir illa mikla e\u00f0a sk\u00e6ra birtu; heyrnin er opt fremur venju g\u00f3\u00f0 og smekkurinn mj\u00f6g n\u00e6mur og fr\u00e1brug\u00f0inn \u00fev\u00ed sem venjulegt er. H\u00f6rundi\u00f0 er allt miklu vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mara; sj\u00faklingurinn \u00feolir n\u00fa ef til vill alls ekkert kul e\u00f0a hl\u00fdju og hva\u00f0 l\u00edti\u00f0 sem h\u00f6rundi\u00f0 s\u00e6rist, kennir h\u00fan svi\u00f0averks; sama er og a\u00f0 segja um v\u00f6\u00f0vana, a\u00f0 \u00feeir eru svo vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mir, a\u00f0 hva\u00f0 l\u00edti\u00f0 sem \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 er reynt, linast \u00feeir og \u00feola svo enga \u00e1reynslu, h\u00fan f\u00e6r \u00fe\u00e1 verki \u00ed li\u00f0am\u00f3tin (einkum hnjeli\u00f0 og mja\u00f0marli\u00f0), beinin og \u00ed allar taugar, og bakverkur er \u00fe\u00e1 mj\u00f6g algengur, sem og verkir \u00ed kvi\u00f0num og aptan \u00e1 h\u00e1lstaugunum. Sama vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mni kemur og \u00ed innvortis parta; og m\u00e1 svo segja, a\u00f0 \u00f3nota tilfinning leggi alveg \u00far kokinu og ni\u00f0ur \u00ed enda\u00fearm; \u00ed kokinu og h\u00e1lsinum er opt p\u00ednandi herpingur, \u00ed maganum upp\u00feemba og \u00f6nnur \u00f3not, sem versna vi\u00f0 hva\u00f0 l\u00edti\u00f0 sem h\u00fan n\u00e6rist \u00e1; garnameltingin er \u00ed \u00f3lagi, \u00fev\u00ed anna\u00f0hvort er har\u00f0l\u00edfi e\u00f0a ni\u00f0urgangur, og eins er \u00fevagbla\u00f0ran opt svo vi\u00f0kv\u00e6m, a\u00f0 hva\u00f0 l\u00edti\u00f0 sem \u00ed hana kemur af \u00fevagi vill h\u00fan losast vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0, og konunni er \u00fev\u00ed s\u00edfellt m\u00e1l a\u00f0 kasta \u00fevagi. Hjartsl\u00e1ttur og \u00e6\u00f0asl\u00e1ttur me\u00f0 titringi og \u00f3styrk \u00ed \u00f6llum taugum er venjulega mikill.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/hysteria_mynd_krarmpar_2.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-medium wp-image-743\" style=\"border: 1px solid black; margin: 7px;\" alt=\"hysteria_mynd_krarmpar_2\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/hysteria_mynd_krarmpar_2.jpg?resize=300%2C192&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"300\" height=\"192\" \/><\/a>[\u2026] af \u00feessari miklu og \u00f3e\u00f0lilegu vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mni \u2026 [er] sj\u00faklingnum [\u2026] \u00e1vallt svo h\u00e6tt vi\u00f0 krampa, sem \u00fe\u00e1 getur l\u00fdst sjer me\u00f0 margv\u00edslegu m\u00f3ti; stundum eru krampanum samfara yfirli\u00f0 og ver\u00f0ur opt a\u00f0 halda sj\u00faklingnum \u00ed krampaumbrotunum. \u00deegar krampi leggst \u00ed vissa v\u00f6\u00f0va, t.a.m. \u00e1 \u00fatlimum, og lo\u00f0ir lengi vi\u00f0 \u00fe\u00e1, getur af \u00fev\u00ed hlotizt vi\u00f0varandi samdr\u00e1ttur v\u00f6\u00f0vanna (\u00fatlimi kreppir) og \u00fea\u00f0 er eigi \u00f3almennt a\u00f0 f\u00f3tur hefur kreppzt um hnjeli\u00f0, svo sj\u00faklingurinn hefur or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 liggja r\u00famfastur svo m\u00e1nu\u00f0um skiptir. Opt ber \u00fea\u00f0 og vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 kirtlar l\u00edkamans gefa fr\u00e1 sjer \u00f3e\u00f0lilega mikinn vessa, \u00feannig t.a.m. svitakirtlarnir; anna\u00f0hvort eru \u00feeir \u00fe\u00e1 allir \u00ed \u00e6singu, svo sj\u00faklingurinn svitnar allur venju fremur, e\u00f0a a\u00f0eins \u00e1 st\u00f6ku st\u00f6\u00f0um, t.a.m. \u00ed l\u00f3fum, \u00e1 f\u00f3tunum, \u00ed handkrikunum. Munnvatni\u00f0 er \u00f3e\u00f0lilega miki\u00f0 og t\u00e1rarennsli\u00f0 s\u00f6mulei\u00f0is, ni\u00f0urgangur og \u00f3lag \u00e1 galli. Mj\u00f6g er \u00fea\u00f0 og almennt a\u00f0 vindur s\u00e6kir \u00ed magann og garnirnar, svo upp\u00feemba er mikil og vindskru\u00f0ningar s\u00edfeldir, og gengur \u00fe\u00e1 mikill vindur opt ni\u00f0ur, en venjulega er engin f\u00fdla af honum, T\u00ed\u00f0irnar eru og opt \u00f3reglulegar me\u00f0 \u00fdmsu m\u00f3ti. H\u00fan kvartar einnig opt um h\u00f6fu\u00f0verk, sem kemur me\u00f0 kvi\u00f0um, og finnst henni stundum, a\u00f0 h\u00f6fu\u00f0i\u00f0 ver\u00f0i h\u00e1lfkalt \u00ed kvi\u00f0unum og fylgir \u00feessu fjarska \u00f3eir\u00f0, og segi h\u00fan, a\u00f0 sjer finnist h\u00fan naumlega geti afbori\u00f0 \u00feetta.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/hysteria_mynd_triste.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignleft size-full wp-image-744\" style=\"border: 1px solid black; margin: 7px;\" alt=\"hysteria_mynd_triste\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/hysteria_mynd_triste.jpg?resize=300%2C221&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"300\" height=\"221\" \/><\/a>Eitt er enn, sem a\u00f0 \u00f6llum jafna\u00f0i fylgir m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdkinni, og \u00fea\u00f0 eru \u00feau \u00e1hrif, sem h\u00fan hefur \u00e1 allt s\u00e1lar\u00e1stand sj\u00faklingsins. Svo m\u00e1 segja, a\u00f0 allt hennar tilfinningal\u00edf sje \u00e1 fl\u00f6kti; \u00fea\u00f0 er engin festa \u00ed neinu sem h\u00fan vill, h\u00fan er dutlungafull og hugsar opt anna\u00f0 augnabliki\u00f0 mest um sj\u00e1lfa sig en hitt um a\u00f0ra; h\u00fan er gl\u00f6\u00f0 og \u00e1n\u00e6g\u00f0 \u00ed annan svipinn en \u00f3\u00e1n\u00e6g\u00f0 og \u00f6rv\u00e6ntingarfull \u00ed hinn svipinn; henni \u00feykir \u00f3sk\u00f6p v\u00e6nt um eitthva\u00f0 e\u00f0a einhverja manneskju nokkrar stund, en svo hatar h\u00fan \u00fea\u00f0 ef til vill s\u00ed\u00f0ar meir; \u00feannig ber a\u00f0 opt vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0ursj\u00fakur kvennama\u00f0ur f\u00e6r \u00e1kaflega mikla \u00e1st \u00e1 karlmanni um nokkurn t\u00edma; en \u00feessi \u00e1st breytist \u00fe\u00e1 opt \u00ed hatur s\u00ed\u00f0ar meir, og \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt karlma\u00f0urinn alls eigi \u00ed nokkrum hlut hafi broti\u00f0 \u00e1 m\u00f3ti sj\u00faklingnum. Einna l\u00f6kust \u00e1hrif \u00e1 hana hafa allar ge\u00f0shr\u00e6ringar, henni versnar \u00e1vallt vi\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0, ef eitthva\u00f0 kemur fyrir hana, sem henni \u00feykir e\u00f0a l\u00edkar mi\u00f0ur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Hugmyndal\u00edf m\u00f3\u00f0ursj\u00faks kvennmanns er a\u00f0 \u00f6llum, jafna\u00f0i r\u00edkast hva\u00f0 snertir allt \u00e1stand hennar sj\u00e1lfrar, og svo mikil br\u00f6g\u00f0 geta or\u00f0i\u00f0 a\u00f0 hugarvingli hennar, a\u00f0 h\u00fan alveg lifir sig inn\u00ed sj\u00e1lfa sig, hugsar og talar eigi um anna\u00f0, og endar \u00feetta opt me\u00f0 sinnisveiki, og \u00fea\u00f0 sem ennfremur stu\u00f0lar til \u00feessa er kv\u00ed\u00f0i mikill og hr\u00e6\u00f0sla \u00e1samt svefnleysi, sem opt \u00e1s\u00e6kir sj\u00faklinginn. Margt fleira m\u00e6tti hjer tilf\u00e6ra um \u00feennan lei\u00f0a sj\u00fakd\u00f3m, en hjer er hvorki r\u00fam nje sta\u00f0ur til \u00feess.<\/p>\n<p>L\u00e6kning \u00e1 svo dularfullum og margbrotnum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mi er vitaskuld erfi\u00f0. Um hana segir J\u00f3nas J\u00f3nassen \u00e1 s. 353-354:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\"><strong>Um l\u00e6kning \u00e1 m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdki.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Hva\u00f0 l\u00e6kningu snertir, \u00fe\u00e1 er \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0urkennt b\u00e6\u00f0i hjer \u00e1 landi og annarsta\u00f0ar, a\u00f0 h\u00fan er einhver hin \u00f6r\u00f0ugasta, og liggur \u00feetta e\u00f0lilega \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed, a\u00f0 svo \u00f6r\u00f0ugt er a\u00f0 komast fyrir uppt\u00f6kin, \u00fev\u00ed \u00feau geta legi\u00f0 svo v\u00ed\u00f0a eins og geti\u00f0 hefur veri\u00f0 um hjer a\u00f0 framan. Eitt er, sem \u00f6llum kemur saman um, og \u00fea\u00f0 er, a\u00f0 nau\u00f0synlegt sje a\u00f0 styrkja taugakerfi\u00f0 og reyna a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast allt, sem \u00e6sir \u00fea\u00f0 \u00ed nokkru tilliti. Jafnframt \u00feessu ver\u00f0ur me\u00f0 g\u00e6tni a\u00f0 reyna a\u00f0 koma hugsunum og \u00f6llu s\u00e1larl\u00edfinu \u00e1 rjetta og skynsama lei\u00f0 og um fram allt ver\u00f0ur a\u00f0 for\u00f0ast a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta sj\u00faklinginn ver\u00f0a \u00feess \u00e1skynja, a\u00f0 vjer eigi tr\u00faum \u00fev\u00ed, sem h\u00fan segir oss um \u00e1stand sitt og tilfinningar, en \u00e1 hinn b\u00f3ginn skal lei\u00f0a henni me\u00f0 skynsamlegum fort\u00f6lum fyrir sj\u00f3nir, a\u00f0 allt stafi af of mikilli vi\u00f0kv\u00e6mni tauganna, og a\u00f0 h\u00fan me\u00f0 g\u00f3\u00f0um og einbeittum vilja geti a\u00f0 miklu leyti b\u00e6tt \u00far \u00feessu auma \u00e1standi sem h\u00fan sje komin \u00ed og n\u00e1\u00f0 a\u00f0 ver\u00f0a heil heilsu aptur.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">Hva\u00f0 snertir me\u00f0alabr\u00fakun, \u00fe\u00e1 er r\u00e1\u00f0legast a\u00f0 leita l\u00e6knis. \u00deegar veikin er samfara j\u00f3mfr\u00fagulu, eins og opt \u00e1 sjer sta\u00f0, l\u00e6knast h\u00fan stundum um lei\u00f0 og j\u00f3mfr\u00fagulan batnar. Sumum m\u00f3\u00f0ursj\u00fakum kvennm\u00f6nnum er einkar hollt a\u00f0 \u00fevo allan likamann daglega upp \u00far k\u00f6ldum sj\u00f3 e\u00f0a k\u00f6ldu vatni. Hreyfing \u00fati vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 ganga \u00ed g\u00f3\u00f0u ve\u00f0ri b\u00e6jarlei\u00f0 eins opt og \u00fev\u00ed ver\u00f0ur komi\u00f0 vi\u00f0, a\u00f0 r\u00ed\u00f0a opt \u00e1samt \u00f6\u00f0rum sjer til gamans er optast einkar gott. Kvennma\u00f0urinn \u00e6tti a\u00f0 h\u00e1tta t\u00edmanlega og fara snemma \u00e1 f\u00e6tur. Opt er einkar gott a\u00f0 skipta um verusta\u00f0 um nokkurn t\u00edma. Sje herpingur og k\u00f6kkur \u00ed h\u00e1lsinum og fyrir brj\u00f3stinu, eru hinir svonefndu laukdropar opt g\u00f3\u00f0ir.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd umfj\u00f6llun um algeng lyf s\u00ed\u00f0ar \u00ed b\u00f3k J\u00f3nasar J\u00f3nassen segir um \u00feessa laukdropa: \u201cLaukdropar (Tct. as\u00e6 foetid\u00e6) er og gott krampaey\u00f0andi me\u00f0al. Af \u00feeim eru gefnir 25-30 dropar \u00ed einu anna\u00f0hvort eint\u00f3mir e\u00f0a saman vi\u00f0 op\u00edumsdropa.\u201d (s. 461.)<\/p>\n<p>Tinctura as\u00e6 foetida\u00e6 hefur vel a\u00f0 merkja ekkert me\u00f0 lauk a\u00f0 gera. \u00deetta er kvo\u00f0a, unnin \u00far sm\u00e1vaxinni jurt af steinselju\u00e6tt sem vex \u00ed Mi\u00f0-Austurl\u00f6ndum. Jurtin heitir Ferula assafoetida og hefur veri\u00f0 k\u00f6llu\u00f0 dj\u00f6flata\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00edslensku enda er lyktin af henni fr\u00e1munalega \u00f3ge\u00f0sleg. Jurtin hefur veri\u00f0 notu\u00f0 fr\u00e1 fornu fari sem krydd \u00ed mat og til l\u00e6kninga. Raunar r\u00e1\u00f0leggur Sveinn P\u00e1lsson sama lyf \u00ed sinni umfj\u00f6llun um hyster\u00edu n\u00edut\u00edu \u00e1rum fyrr svo vins\u00e6ldir dj\u00f6flata\u00f0s \u00ed lyfjafl\u00f3ru \u00edslenskra l\u00e6kna hafa haldist nokku\u00f0 st\u00f6\u00f0ugar. Af \u00fev\u00ed J\u00f3nas r\u00e1\u00f0leggur tinkt\u00faru m\u00e1 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 dj\u00f6flata\u00f0skvo\u00f0an hafi veri\u00f0 uppleyst \u00ed v\u00ednanda. M\u00f6gulega hefur hann gert r\u00e1\u00f0 fyrir a\u00f0 lausninni v\u00e6ri oftast blanda\u00f0 vi\u00f0 \u00f3p\u00edumsdropa og m\u00e6tti \u00fe\u00e1 \u00e6tla a\u00f0 svolei\u00f0is hef\u00f0i r\u00f3a\u00f0 hyster\u00edska kvenmenn \u00feokkalega vel.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ur\u00f0u \u00edslenskar konur hyster\u00edskari eftir \u00fev\u00ed sem \u00edslenskir l\u00e6knar l\u00e6r\u00f0u meiri fr\u00e6\u00f0i?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/hysteria_framkollud_med_havada.jpg?ssl=1\"><img data-recalc-dims=\"1\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-742 alignnone\" style=\"border: 1px solid black; margin: 7px 0px;\" alt=\"hysteria_framkollud_med_havada\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/hysteria_framkollud_med_havada.jpg?resize=540%2C313&#038;ssl=1\" width=\"540\" height=\"313\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/hysteria_framkollud_med_havada.jpg?w=675&amp;ssl=1 675w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/hysteria_framkollud_med_havada.jpg?resize=300%2C173&amp;ssl=1 300w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 540px) 100vw, 540px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p>\u00cd fyrirlestri Sigurgeirs Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nssonar sagnfr\u00e6\u00f0ings \u00e1 S\u00f6gu\u00feingi 2012, <a href=\"http:\/\/skemman.is\/handle\/1946\/15599\">\u201eHysterian \u201eliggur \u00ed landi.\u201f\u201f N\u00fdjar hugmyndir um ge\u00f0veiki n\u00e1 til \u00edslenskra l\u00e6kna<\/a> (h\u00e9r er kr\u00e6kt \u00ed fyrirlesturinn \u00ed Skemmunni) segir a\u00f0 skv. \u00e1rssk\u00fdrslum \u00edslenskra h\u00e9ra\u00f0sl\u00e6kna \u00e1 seinni hluta 19. aldar s\u00e9 ge\u00f0veiki kvenna a\u00f0allega hyster\u00eda. Sama kemur fram \u00ed doktorsritger\u00f0 Sigurgeirs fr\u00e1 2013. \u00c1berandi misr\u00e6mi megi \u00fe\u00f3 sj\u00e1 \u00ed greiningum einstakra l\u00e6kna \u00e1 hyster\u00edsku kvenf\u00f3lki:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px;\">\u00c1ri\u00f0 1892 greindi \u00deorgr\u00edmur \u00de\u00f3r\u00f0arson l\u00e6knir \u00ed Austur-Skaftafellss\u00fdslu 16 konur me\u00f0 hysteriu. \u00d3lafur Gu\u00f0mundsson l\u00e6knir \u00ed Rang\u00e1rvallas\u00fdslu greindi hvorki fleiri n\u00e9 f\u00e6rri en 108 tilfelli en Bjarni Jensen l\u00e6knir \u00ed Vestur-Skaftafellss\u00fdslu greindi ekkert tilfelli. Hversvegna var beinl\u00ednis hysteriufaraldur \u00ed Rang\u00e1rvallas\u00fdslu me\u00f0an ekki greindist eitt einasta tilfelli \u00ed Vestur-Skaftafellss\u00fdslu? Voru konur \u00e1 \u00feessum sv\u00e6\u00f0um svona \u00f3l\u00edkar? (Sigurgeir Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. 2012:7)<\/p>\n<p>Sigurgeir getur s\u00e9r s\u00ed\u00f0an til a\u00f0 megin\u00e1st\u00e6\u00f0an fyrir \u00feessu \u00f3samr\u00e6mi \u00ed greiningu hyster\u00edu s\u00e9 \u201ehversu vel l\u00e6knarnir voru a\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00ed n\u00fdjustu sj\u00fakd\u00f3msgreiningum \u00ed ge\u00f0l\u00e6knisfr\u00e6\u00f0i.\u201f Hann setur einnig fram \u00fe\u00e1 tilg\u00e1tu a\u00f0 st\u00f3rfj\u00f6lgun ge\u00f0veikra kvenna \u00e1 \u00cdslandi seint \u00e1 n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld stafi l\u00edklega af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 fleiri konur hafi veri\u00f0 greindar me\u00f0 hyster\u00edu. \u00cd manntali 1850 eru 39 karlar taldir ge\u00f0veikir, e\u00f0a 1,3 af hverjum 1000 k\u00f6rlum \u00e1 \u00cdslandi, ge\u00f0veikar konur eru 52 talsins, 1,6 af hverjum 1000 konur. (\u00de\u00f3tt \u00ed t\u00f6flum Sigurgeirs s\u00e9 tala\u00f0 um hlutfall af 1000 \u00edb\u00faum er auglj\u00f3st a\u00f0 \u00e1tt er vi\u00f0 hlutfall af hvoru kyni. Og mi\u00f0a\u00f0 vi\u00f0 mannfj\u00f6ldat\u00f6lur fr\u00e1 1850 \u00e1 vef Hagstofu eru hlutf\u00f6llin 1,4 promill og 1,7 promill n\u00e6r lagi, \u00e9g f\u00f3r ekki yfir a\u00f0rar t\u00f6lur.) Ge\u00f0veikum k\u00f6rlum fj\u00f6lgar svol\u00edti\u00f0 \u00ed n\u00e6stu mannt\u00f6lum en ge\u00f0veikum konum fj\u00f6lgar t\u00f6luvert:<\/p>\n<p>1880: Karlar 0,5\u2030 (17 talsins ) konur 1,6\u2030 (63 talsins)<\/p>\n<p>1890: Karlar 0,9\u2030 (30 talsins) konur 2,4\u2030 (93 talsins)<\/p>\n<p>1901: Karlar 0,9\u2030 (37 talsins) konur 2,3\u2030 (96 talsins)<\/p>\n<p>(Sigurj\u00f3n Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. 2013:41)<\/p>\n<p>H\u00e9r ver\u00f0ur l\u00e1ti\u00f0 sta\u00f0ar numi\u00f0 \u00ed s\u00f6glegri yfirfer\u00f0 hyster\u00edu \u00ed greiningum \u00edslenskra l\u00e6kna. Ekki ver\u00f0ur fjalla\u00f0 um \u00fe\u00e1 merku sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma j\u00f3mfr\u00fargulu\/bleikjus\u00f3tt og t\u00ed\u00f0ateppu \u00fe\u00f3tt l\u00e6knar \u00e1 \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu og n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld hafi haft \u00feungar \u00e1hyggjur af \u00feeim, ekki hva\u00f0 s\u00edst \u00fe\u00e6r a\u00f0 \u00f3me\u00f0h\u00f6ndlu\u00f0 j\u00f3mfr\u00fargula e\u00f0a t\u00ed\u00f0ateppa g\u00e6ti leitt til hyster\u00edu.<\/p>\n<p>\u00cd n\u00e6stu f\u00e6rslu ver\u00f0ur fjalla\u00f0 um ranns\u00f3knir hins st\u00f3rmerka (a\u00f0 tali\u00f0 er) v\u00edsindamanns dr. Charcot \u00e1 hyster\u00edu en \u201efyrirlestrar\u201f og skrif hans um sj\u00fakd\u00f3minn h\u00f6f\u00f0u g\u00edfurleg \u00e1hrif. Eini nemandi dr. Charcot sem starfa\u00f0i \u00e1 \u00cdslandi var Daninn Hans Jacob George Schierbeck, sem var landl\u00e6knir og forst\u00f6\u00f0uma\u00f0ur L\u00e6knask\u00f3lans h\u00e9r \u00e1 landi 1883-1894. (Thora Fri\u00f0riksson. 1931:145.) \u00cd \u00feeim f\u00e1u opinberu skrifum hans \u00fear sem ge\u00f0veiki ber \u00e1 g\u00f3ma er hyster\u00edu ekki geti\u00f0, var hann \u00fe\u00f3 nemandi Charcot um sama leyti og s\u00e1 s\u00ed\u00f0arnefndi var\u00f0 virkilega ni\u00f0ursokkinn \u00ed hyster\u00eduna. Hans J. G. Schierbeck er a\u00f0allega minnst h\u00e9rlendis fyrir mikinn \u00e1huga \u00e1 gar\u00f0yrkju og frumkv\u00f6\u00f0lastarf \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed svi\u00f0i enda l\u00e6r\u00f0i hann til gar\u00f0yrkjumanns \u00e1\u00f0ur en hann h\u00f3f l\u00e6knan\u00e1m.<\/p>\n<p>Heimildir<\/p>\n<p>J\u00f3nas J\u00f3nassen.<a href=\"http:\/\/pds.lib.harvard.edu\/pds\/view\/7079281?n=5&amp;imagesize=1200&amp;jp2Res=.5&amp;printThumbnails=no\"><em> L\u00e6kningab\u00f3k handa al\u00fe\u00fd\u00f0u \u00e1 \u00cdslandi<\/em><\/a>. 1884. A\u00f0gengileg \u00e1 vef b\u00f3kasafns Harvard h\u00e1sk\u00f3la.<\/p>\n<p>Sigurgeir Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. <a href=\"http:\/\/skemman.is\/stream\/get\/1946\/15599\/37326\/1\/Hysterian.pdf\">\u201eHysterian \u201eliggur \u00ed landi.\u201f\u201f N\u00fdjar hugmyndir um ge\u00f0veiki n\u00e1 til \u00edslenskra l\u00e6kna<\/a>. Fyrirlestur \u00e1 S\u00f6gu\u00feingi 2012. http:\/\/skemman.is\/handle\/1946\/1559<\/p>\n<p>Sigurgeir Gu\u00f0j\u00f3nsson. <a href=\"http:\/\/skemman.is\/stream\/get\/1946\/16732\/38907\/1\/Skjal_fyrir_prentun_A_B$0029.pdf\"><em>A\u00f0b\u00fana\u00f0ur ge\u00f0veikra \u00e1 \u00cdslandi og umb\u00e6tur yfirvalda fyrir daga ge\u00f0sp\u00edtala<\/em><\/a>. Doktorsritger\u00f0 \u00fatg. \u00e1g\u00fast 2013. http:\/\/skemman.is\/handle\/1946\/16732<\/p>\n<p>Sveinn P\u00e1lsson. <a href=\"http:\/\/timarit.is\/view_page_init.jsp?pageId=968773\">Tilraun a\u00f0 upptelja sj\u00fakd\u00f3ma \u00fe\u00e1 er a\u00f0 bana ver\u00f0a og or\u00f0i\u00f0 geta f\u00f3lki \u00e1 \u00cdslandi<\/a>. <em>Rit \u00feess (konunglega) \u00edslenzka L\u00e6rd\u00f3mslistaf\u00e9lags<\/em> 15. \u00e1rg 1794. S. 1-150.<\/p>\n<p>Thora Fri\u00f0riksson. <a href=\"http:\/\/timarit.is\/view_page_init.jsp?gegnirId=000579872\">Dr. Jean Charcot<\/a>. <em>Eimrei\u00f0in<\/em> 37. \u00e1rg. 2. hefti ,1931. S. 144-163<\/p>\n<p>Vilmundur J\u00f3nsson. 1949. <em>L\u00e6kningar &#8211; Curationes &#8211; s\u00e9ra \u00deorkels Arngr\u00edmssonar s\u00f3knarprests \u00ed G\u00f6r\u00f0um \u00e1 \u00c1lftanesi<\/em>.<\/p>\n<p>Myndirnar eru \u00far b\u00f3kinni <a href=\"https:\/\/openlibrary.org\/books\/OL24359830M\/%C3%89tudes_cliniques_sur_la_grande_hyst%C3%A9rie_ou_hyst%C3%A9ro-%C3%A9pilepsie\"><em>\u00c9tudes cliniques sur la grande hyst\u00e9rie ou hyst\u00e9ro-\u00e9pilepsie<\/em><\/a> eftir samstarfsmann dr. Charcot, Paul Marie Louis Pierre Richer, sem fyrst kom \u00fat \u00e1ri\u00f0 1881.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u00cd \u00feessari f\u00e6rslu og \u00feeim n\u00e6stu ver\u00f0a sko\u00f0a\u00f0ar hugmyndir l\u00e6kna um hyster\u00edu (m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdki), dularfullan sj\u00fakd\u00f3m sem einkum hrj\u00e1ir kvenf\u00f3lk. \u00c1st\u00e6\u00f0ur \u00feess a\u00f0 \u00e9g hef \u00e1huga \u00e1 a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a \u00feetta efni eru nokkrar. M\u00e1 nefna a\u00f0 <span class=\"ellipsis\">&hellip;<\/span> <span class=\"more-link-wrap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2014\/01\/05\/hysteria-eda-modursyki\/\" class=\"more-link\"><span>Read More &#8230;<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saga_gedlaekninga"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/739","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=739"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/739\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":747,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/739\/revisions\/747"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=739"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=739"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=739"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}