{"id":803,"date":"2014-01-27T17:42:12","date_gmt":"2014-01-27T17:42:12","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.harpahreins.com\/blogg\/?p=803"},"modified":"2014-01-27T18:01:39","modified_gmt":"2014-01-27T18:01:39","slug":"drottning-hysteriunnar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2014\/01\/27\/drottning-hysteriunnar\/","title":{"rendered":"Drottning hyster\u00edunnar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"Blanche<\/a><\/p>\n

\u00deessi pistill er framhald af\u00a0Eggjastokkapressa o.fl. vi\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdki<\/a>\u00a0og\u00a0Charcot og hyster\u00edan<\/a>.<\/p>\n

\u00deegar Blanche Wittmann var l\u00f6g\u00f0 inn \u00e1 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re sp\u00edtalann \u00ed Par\u00eds, \u00e1tj\u00e1n \u00e1ra g\u00f6mul, h\u00e9t h\u00fan Marie Wittmann skv. f\u00e6\u00f0ingarvottor\u00f0i. H\u00fan vir\u00f0ist hafa fengi\u00f0 nafni\u00f0 Blanche (sem \u00fe\u00fd\u00f0ir \u201ehv\u00edt\u201c \u00e1 fr\u00f6nsku, e.t.v. vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 h\u00fan var \u00f3venju lj\u00f3s yfirlitum) vi\u00f0 innritunina \u00e1 sp\u00edtalann og gekk undir \u00fev\u00ed nafni s\u00ed\u00f0ar. Eftirnafn hennar er nokku\u00f0 \u00e1 reiki \u00ed mismunandi heimildum, \u00fdmist haft Witman, Wittman, Wittmann e\u00f0a Weidmann.<\/p>\n

Blanche \u00e1tti erfi\u00f0a \u00e6sku; fa\u00f0ir hennar var ofbeldishneig\u00f0ur og enda\u00f0i \u00e6vina \u00e1 ge\u00f0veikah\u00e6li, m\u00f3\u00f0ir hennar var s\u00f6g\u00f0 hafa \u00fej\u00e1\u00f0st af taugaveiklunark\u00f6stum og tv\u00f6 (af n\u00edu) systkinum hennar \u00fej\u00e1\u00f0ust af kr\u00f6mpum og flogaveiki. Fimm af \u00feessum n\u00edu systkinum d\u00f3u \u00e1 barnsaldri. Skr\u00e1\u00f0 er eftir Blanche a\u00f0 h\u00fan hafi fengi\u00f0 st\u00f6ku krampa sem barn en \u00e1standi\u00f0 versna\u00f0i a\u00f0 mun \u00e1 unglingsaldri uns h\u00fan var l\u00f6g\u00f0 inn vegna flogakasta. \u00cd g\u00f6gnum sp\u00edtalans er einnig skr\u00e1\u00f0 h\u00fan hafi \u00e1tt kynfer\u00f0islegt samneyti vi\u00f0 vinnuveitanda sinn og hef\u00f0i fengi\u00f0\u00a0\u201ek\u00f6st\u201c\u00a0 \u00ed mi\u00f0jum samf\u00f6rum, eitt sl\u00edkt eftir samfarir.<\/p>\n

\"Blanche<\/a>

\u00deessa mynd af Blanche Wittmann t\u00f3k Paul Regnard. H\u00fan birtist \u00ed 3. bindi Iconographie photographique de la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re<\/a>, 1879-1880, \u00e1 s. 276, sem d\u00e6mi um hyster\u00edusj\u00fakling \u00ed \u201ee\u00f0lilegu \u00e1standi\u201c.<\/p><\/div>\n

Blanche er \u00ed g\u00f6gnum Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re l\u00fdst sem st\u00f3rri konu og teki\u00f0 s\u00e9rstaklega fram a\u00f0 h\u00fan hafi veri\u00f0 \u00f3venju brj\u00f3stast\u00f3r. M\u00e6likvar\u00f0i \u00e1 st\u00e6r\u00f0 f\u00e1t\u00e6kra kvenna \u00ed Par\u00eds \u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma var d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 annar en n\u00fa \u00fev\u00ed h\u00fan var 164 cm h\u00e1 og 70 kg a\u00f0 \u00feyngd. H\u00fan var talin me\u00f0algreind og minnisg\u00f3\u00f0 \u00fe\u00f3tt sj\u00e1lf seg\u00f0i h\u00fan minni sitt hafa ska\u00f0ast mj\u00f6g af ether, sem henni var \u00f3spart gefinn til a\u00f0 sl\u00e1 \u00e1 hyster\u00eduk\u00f6st, allt \u00fear til dr. Charcot haf\u00f0i fundi\u00f0 upp eggjastokkapressuna g\u00f3\u00f0u og Blanche \u00e6fst \u00ed r\u00e9ttum sj\u00faklingsvi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0um.<\/p>\n

Fyrst eftir innl\u00f6gn voru k\u00f6st Blanche \u00f3\u00fatreiknanleg og l\u00fdstu s\u00e9r alla vega, fr\u00e1 duttlungum, frekju og \u00f3hemjugangi til krampafloga. Meintir hyster\u00edupunktar \u00e1 l\u00edkama hennar voru tilviljunakennir h\u00e9r og \u00fear og \u00fatum allt. En flj\u00f3tlega laga\u00f0i krankleiki Blanche sig v\u00edsindalegri skilgreiningu dr. Charcot \u00e1 hyster\u00edu og sm\u00e1m saman var\u00f0 Blanche Wittmann hinn fullkomni hyster\u00edusj\u00faklingur. H\u00fan s\u00fdndi n\u00e1nast \u00f6ll einkenni sj\u00fakd\u00f3msins eins og Charcot og samstarfsmenn hans skildu hann. Me\u00f0al \u00feeirra voru v\u00f6\u00f0vaslappleiki\/m\u00e1ttleysi, tilfinningaleysi \u00ed h\u00fa\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00fdmsum l\u00edkamshlutum, einkum kringum augu og kynf\u00e6ri, sta\u00f0bundin l\u00f6mun sem kom og hvarf, litblinda og sl\u00e6m sj\u00f3n \u00e1 \u00f6\u00f0ru auga, h\u00fan upplif\u00f0i k\u00f6kk \u00ed h\u00e1lsi (\u201eglobus hystericus\u201c), \u00fereytu, h\u00f6fu\u00f0verk, krampak\u00f6st og stjarfa. Vi\u00f0 \u00feessum kvillum voru pr\u00f3fa\u00f0ar \u00fdmsar l\u00e6kningara\u00f0fer\u00f0ir, s.s. a\u00f0 a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta hana eta gullduft, anda a\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00fdmsum efnum, pr\u00f3fa \u00fdmiss konar rafmagnsme\u00f0fer\u00f0 \u00e1 henni o.fl. En au\u00f0vita\u00f0 virka\u00f0i eggjastokkapressan best.<\/p>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 sem skipti sk\u00f6pum fyrir fr\u00e6g\u00f0 Blanche var hve au\u00f0velt var a\u00f0 d\u00e1lei\u00f0a hana og hve au\u00f0velt var a\u00f0 stj\u00f3rna sj\u00fakd\u00f3mseinkennum hennar \u00ed d\u00e1lei\u00f0slunni: H\u00fan gat s\u00fdnt hva\u00f0 sem var! \u00a0Og h\u00fan bar \u00f3blandna vir\u00f0ingu fyrir og traust til dr. Charcot. Fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed snemma \u00e1 n\u00edunda \u00e1ratug n\u00edtj\u00e1ndu aldar og allt til \u00feess a\u00f0 Charcot l\u00e9st, \u00e1ri\u00f0 1893, var Blanche Wittmann \u00fev\u00ed ekki venjulegur sj\u00faklingur heldur st\u00f3rstjarna \u00ed Par\u00eds.<\/p>\n

\"Blanche<\/a>

Koparstunga ger\u00f0 eftir lj\u00f3smynd, sem birtist \u00ed Les maladies \u00e9pid\u00e9miques de l’esprit; sorcellerie, magn\u00e9tisme, morphinisme, d\u00e9lire des grandeurs<\/a>
eftir Paul Regnand, \u00fatg. 1887, s. 75. Myndin ber titilinn hyster\u00edskur do\u00f0i og s\u00fdnir hvernig prj\u00f3nn er rekinn gegnum framhandlegg Blanche, sem brosir \u00e1 me\u00f0an.<\/p><\/div>\n

Til a\u00f0 a\u00f0 breyta \u00e1standi hennar \u00feegar h\u00fan haf\u00f0i veri\u00f0 d\u00e1leidd dug\u00f0i a\u00f0 nudda hvirfilinn ofurlaust til a\u00f0 h\u00fan ranka\u00f0i vi\u00f0 s\u00e9r \u00far do\u00f0a\u00e1standi \u00ed l\u00e9ttari d\u00e1svefn, til a\u00f0 vekja hana \u00far d\u00e1svefni dug\u00f0i a\u00f0 bl\u00e1sa \u00e1 augu henni, til a\u00f0 falla \u00ed d\u00e1 dug\u00f0i a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta hana stara \u00e1 bjartan hlut . Til a\u00f0 kalla fram mismunandi sj\u00fakd\u00f3mseinkenni \u00ed samr\u00e6mi vi\u00f0 \u201ehyster\u00eduramma\u201c Charcot n\u00fdttist eggjastokkapressan pr\u00fd\u00f0ilega. Me\u00f0 rafmagnsstautum m\u00e1tti kalla fram hva\u00f0a svipbrig\u00f0i sem var, s\u00ed\u00f0ar meir \u00feurfti ekki einu sinni rafmagn heldur bara einhvern staut, og \u00ed d\u00e1lei\u00f0slunni h\u00e9lst svipurinn \u00f3breyttur svo lengi sem l\u00e6knunum \u00fe\u00f3kna\u00f0ist. H\u00e6gt var a\u00f0 l\u00e1ta hana eta kol ef sagt var a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 v\u00e6ri s\u00fakkula\u00f0i, anda a\u00f0 s\u00e9r ammon\u00edaki af nautn ef henni var sagt a\u00f0 \u00feetta v\u00e6ri r\u00f3sailmvatn, l\u00e1ta hana gle\u00f0jast yfir \u00edmyndu\u00f0um fuglum, hr\u00e6\u00f0ast \u00edmynda\u00f0a sn\u00e1ka o.s.fr. L\u00edkama hennar og svipbrig\u00f0i og vi\u00f0br\u00f6g\u00f0 m\u00e1tti m\u00f3ta \u00e1 hva\u00f0a vegu sem var, sem og kalla fram flog, tilfinningaleysi og hva\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 anna\u00f0 sem Charcot hugna\u00f0ist a\u00f0 s\u00fdna sem d\u00e6mi um merkar v\u00edsindaranns\u00f3knir s\u00ednar \u00e1 hyster\u00edu: Blanche var hin fullkomna mennska br\u00fa\u00f0a, s\u00fa langfullkomnasta sem Charcot haf\u00f0i yfir a\u00f0 r\u00e1\u00f0a.<\/p>\n

\"blanche_stautur\"<\/a>

Myndin \u00e1 a\u00f0 s\u00fdna hvernig me\u00f0 l\u00e9ttri snertingu m\u00e1 kalla fram v\u00f6\u00f0vasamdr\u00e1tt \u00e1 kinnbeini Blanche. H\u00fan birtist \u00ed 3. bindi
Iconographie photographique de la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, 1879-1880, og m\u00e1 sj\u00e1 st\u00f3ra \u00fatg\u00e1fu hennar \u00ed myndasafni \u00e1 vef Yale h\u00e1sk\u00f3la<\/a>,<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00dea\u00f0 var ekki a\u00f0 fur\u00f0a a\u00f0 menn flykktust \u00e1 s\u00fdningar (\u201efyrirlestra\u201c) Charcot tvisvar \u00ed viku, og \u00fe\u00f3ttu \u00fe\u00e6r taka m\u00f6rgum leiks\u00fdningum fram. \u00cd fr\u00f6nskum dagbl\u00f6\u00f0um var frammista\u00f0a Blanche i\u00f0ulega borin saman vi\u00f0 leikkonuna fr\u00e6gu Sarah Bernhardt og jafnvel tali\u00f0 a\u00f0 s\u00fa s\u00ed\u00f0arnefnda g\u00e6ti ekki leiki\u00f0 eftir \u00fea\u00f0 sem Blanche gat. \u00deetta var\u00f0 au\u00f0vita\u00f0 til \u00feess a\u00f0 leikkonur s\u00f3ttu l\u00edka \u201efyrirlestra\u201c Charcot og Sarah Bernhardt lag\u00f0i meira a\u00f0 segja \u00e1 sig a\u00f0 dvelja nokkra daga \u00e1 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re til a\u00f0 undirb\u00faa sig almennilega undir dramat\u00edskt hlutverk.<\/div>\n

Fr\u00e6g\u00f0 Blanche einskor\u00f0a\u00f0ist raunar ekki bara vi\u00f0 s\u00fdningar \u00e1 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, h\u00fan var l\u00edka l\u00e1nu\u00f0 \u00e1 a\u00f0ra sp\u00edtala \u00fear sem l\u00e6knar voru a\u00f0 f\u00e1st vi\u00f0 tilraunir \u00e1 hyster\u00edu \u00fev\u00ed h\u00fan var svo fullkominn hyster\u00edusj\u00faklingur, h\u00fan var \u00ed rauninni holdgervingur kenninga Charcot um hyster\u00edu.Henni var leikur einn a\u00f0 s\u00fdna \u00f6ll afbrig\u00f0i hyster\u00edunnar.<\/p>\n

\"M\u00e1lverk<\/a>

M\u00e1lverk Andr\u00e9 Brouillet, Une le\u00e7on clinique \u00e0 la Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re [Kl\u00edn\u00edskur fyrirlestur \u00e1 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re], fr\u00e1 1887 er risast\u00f3rt, \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed er Blanche n\u00e1nast \u00ed l\u00edkamsst\u00e6r\u00f0. Karlarnir sem sj\u00e1st \u00e1 m\u00e1lverkinu voru fr\u00e6gir \u00e1 s\u00ednum t\u00edma og eru sumir enn. Sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 flesta merkta inn \u00e1 m\u00e1lverki\u00f0 \u00e1 undirs\u00ed\u00f0u <\/a>baillement.com<\/a>.<\/em>
St\u00f3r lj\u00f3smynd af m\u00e1lverkinu sj\u00e1lfu<\/a> er \u00e1 Wikipedia<\/em>,<\/p><\/div>\n

Eftir l\u00e1t dr. Jean-Martin Charcot f\u00e9kk Blanche Wittmann ekki eitt einasta krampaflog, l\u00f6munarkast, \u00e6\u00f0i e\u00f0a nein \u00feau hyster\u00edueinkenni sem samr\u00fdmdust v\u00edsindalegri greiningu dr. Charcot \u00e1 \u00feessum sj\u00fakd\u00f3mi . Hlutverki hennar sem drottning hyster\u00edunnar lauk me\u00f0 dau\u00f0a k\u00f3ngsins, Charcot, enda d\u00f3 \u00e1hugi l\u00e6knanna \u00e1 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re \u00e1 hyster\u00edu um lei\u00f0, l\u00edklega einnig tr\u00fa \u00feeirra \u00e1 v\u00edsindi Charcot var\u00f0andi \u00feennan sj\u00fakd\u00f3m.<\/p>\n

Blanche dvaldi \u00e1fram \u00e1 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re, ekki sem sj\u00faklingur heldur sem starfma\u00f0ur. H\u00fan vann \u00e1 lj\u00f3smyndastofunni, ranns\u00f3knarstofum og loks \u00e1 r\u00f6ngtenstofu \u00feegar s\u00fa t\u00e6kni kom til skjalanna. Fyrstu r\u00f6ngtent\u00e6kin komu \u00e1 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re laust eftir aldam\u00f3tin 1900. Menn h\u00f6f\u00f0u l\u00edtinn skilning \u00e1 h\u00e6ttunni sem fylgdi r\u00f6ngtengeislum og Blanche Wittmann var\u00f0 eitt af fyrstu f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mbum \u00feeirra: H\u00fan f\u00e9kk \u00f3vi\u00f0r\u00e1\u00f0anlegt krabbamein. \u00dea\u00f0 \u00feurfti a\u00f0 taka af henni fingur, svo alla h\u00f6ndina, svo framhandlegginn, svo allan handlegginn, svo byrja\u00f0i sama sagan \u00e1 hinum arminum.<\/p>\n

Alla jafna var erfitt a\u00f0 f\u00e1 hana til a\u00f0 rifja upp e\u00f0a tala um stj\u00f6rnuhlutverk sitt \u00e1 gull\u00f6ld hyster\u00edunnar en \u00e1 d\u00e1narbe\u00f0i t\u00f3kst \u00fe\u00f3 a\u00f0 f\u00e1 hana til a\u00f0 segja ofurl\u00edti\u00f0 af \u00feessu. \u00de\u00e1 har\u00f0neita\u00f0i h\u00fan a\u00f0 nokkur leikaraskapur hef\u00f0i veri\u00f0 \u00ed spilinu, hyster\u00edan eins og h\u00fan var skilin \u00e1 d\u00f6gum dr. Charcot hef\u00f0i svo sannarlega veri\u00f0 raunverulegur sj\u00fakd\u00f3mur. Loks hreytti h\u00fan \u00fat \u00far s\u00e9r a\u00f0 dr. Charcot hef\u00f0i strax s\u00e9\u00f0 \u00fat sj\u00faklinga sem hef\u00f0u reynt a\u00f0 gera s\u00e9r upp hyster\u00edueinkenni, \u00fea\u00f0 var ekki h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 plata \u00feann g\u00f3\u00f0a v\u00edsindamann.<\/p>\n

Blanche Wittmann l\u00e9st \u00e1ri\u00f0 1912.<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Heimildir a\u00f0rar en kr\u00e6kt er \u00far \u00ed textanum<\/strong><\/p>\n

Alvarado, Carlos S. 2009.\u00a0Nineteenth-century hysteria and hypnosis: A historical note on Blanche Wittmann<\/a>.\u00a0Australian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis<\/em>, 37. \u00e1rg., 1. tbl., s. 21-36.<\/p>\n

Hustvedt, Asti. 2011.\u00a0Medical Muses:<\/em>\u00a0Hysteria in Nineteenth-Century Paris<\/em>. W. W. Norton & Company, New York og London.<\/p>\n

Marie dite “Blanche Wittman”<\/a>.\u00a0\u00a0Historix. Histoire de la radiologie aux h\u00f4pitaux de paris<\/em><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00deessi pistill birtist \u00e1\u00f0ur \u00ed Kvennabla\u00f0inu<\/em> <\/a>20. jan\u00faar 2014.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u00deessi pistill er framhald af\u00a0Eggjastokkapressa o.fl. vi\u00f0 m\u00f3\u00f0urs\u00fdki\u00a0og\u00a0Charcot og hyster\u00edan. \u00deegar Blanche Wittmann var l\u00f6g\u00f0 inn \u00e1 Salp\u00eatri\u00e8re sp\u00edtalann \u00ed Par\u00eds, \u00e1tj\u00e1n \u00e1ra g\u00f6mul, h\u00e9t h\u00fan Marie Wittmann skv. f\u00e6\u00f0ingarvottor\u00f0i. H\u00fan vir\u00f0ist hafa fengi\u00f0 nafni\u00f0 …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":799,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-803","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-saga_gedlaekninga"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-content\/uploads\/2014\/01\/blanche_a_malverkinu.gif?fit=686%2C435&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/803","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=803"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/803\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":813,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/803\/revisions\/813"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/799"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=803"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=803"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=803"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}