{"id":961,"date":"2014-04-10T20:19:16","date_gmt":"2014-04-10T20:19:16","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.harpahreins.com\/blogg\/?p=961"},"modified":"2014-04-10T20:19:16","modified_gmt":"2014-04-10T20:19:16","slug":"kvekarar-og-nalapudar","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/2014\/04\/10\/kvekarar-og-nalapudar\/","title":{"rendered":"Kvekarar og n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0ar"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"forsidumynd\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

\u00deessi pistill fjallar um n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0a \u00e1 \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld, kvekara, ge\u00f0veikrah\u00e6li og mannr\u00e9ttindabar\u00e1ttu. N\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0inn sem s\u00e9st h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan er \u00ed safni Viktor\u00edu og Alberts \u00ed Lund\u00fanum (sj\u00e1 h\u00e9r<\/a>) og er talinn me\u00f0 \u00feeim elstu af m\u00f6rgum svipu\u00f0um sem hafa var\u00f0veist. Hann er jafnframt s\u00e1 st\u00e6rsti, 18 x 11,5 cm, og ferhyrndur en hinir eru flestir k\u00falur e\u00f0a disklaga. N\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0inn er prj\u00f3na\u00f0ur \u00far f\u00ednu silkigarni, prj\u00f3nafesta er 9-10 lykkjur \u00ed sentimetra, framstykki og bakstykki eru saumu\u00f0 saman og saumarnir huldir me\u00f0 sn\u00faru\/bor\u00f0a. \u00cd p\u00fa\u00f0ann er prj\u00f3na\u00f0 \u00e1rtali\u00f0 1733 sem sj\u00e1 m\u00e1.<\/p>\n

N\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0ar voru, eins og nafni\u00f0 bendir til, nota\u00f0ir til a\u00f0 stinga t\u00edtuprj\u00f3num og n\u00e1lum \u00ed og geyma \u00feannig. Sumir telja a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 hafi veri\u00f0 \u00e1kve\u00f0in v\u00f6rn gegn ry\u00f0i \u00ed saggafullum h\u00fasakynnum \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu aldar.<\/p>\n

\"\u00deennan<\/a>

\u00deennan n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0a m\u00e1 l\u00edka sj\u00e1 \u00ed safni Viktor\u00edu og Alberts (n\u00e1nari uppl. h\u00e9r<\/a>.) Sn\u00faran, sem e.t.v. var til a\u00f0 binda um mitti eigandans, er m\u00f6gulega spjaldofin.<\/p><\/div>\n

Tali\u00f0 er a\u00f0 \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu aldar n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0arnir af \u00feessu tagi hafi fyrst og fremst veri\u00f0 \u00e6tla\u00f0ir til gjafa. \u00deeir tveir til vi\u00f0b\u00f3tar sem til eru \u00e1 V&A safninu sty\u00f0ja \u00fea\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed \u00ed annan er \u00fatprj\u00f3na\u00f0 \u201eSS loveth the giver 1782\u201c og \u00ed hinn \u201eSL to RL 1805\u201f. \u00deeir eru sauma\u00f0ir saman \u00far tveimur \u00e1tthyrndum stykkjum (eins og s\u00e1 sem s\u00e9st h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan) og saumurinn s\u00ed\u00f0an falinn me\u00f0 sn\u00faru\/bor\u00f0a.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt ekki hafi tekist a\u00f0 rekja elstu n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0ana til kvekara eru munstrin d\u00e6miger\u00f0 \u00ed hannyr\u00f0um \u00feeirra og flestir yngri n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0ar af \u00feessu tagi (fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed seint \u00e1 18. \u00f6ld og fram \u00e1 \u00fe\u00e1 19.) eru taldir handverk kvekara.<\/p>\n

Kvekarar eru tr\u00faars\u00f6fnu\u00f0ur. Opinbert heiti tr\u00faf\u00e9lagsins er Religious Society of Friends<\/em> og \u00fea\u00f0 var stofna\u00f0 um 1650 \u00e1 Bretlandi. \u00deeir hafa enga tr\u00faarj\u00e1tningu en vi\u00f0urkenna Bibl\u00eduna og telja a\u00f0 gu\u00f0 uppl\u00fdsi tr\u00faa\u00f0a me\u00f0 or\u00f0i s\u00ednu, hinu innra lj\u00f3si. Kvekarar hafa alla t\u00ed\u00f0 veri\u00f0 eindregnir fri\u00f0arsinnar og eru \u00f6tulir talsmenn tr\u00fa- og sko\u00f0anafrelsis enda hlutu bresku og bandar\u00edsku kvekarahreyfingarnar fri\u00f0arver\u00f0laun N\u00f3bels \u00e1ri\u00f0 1947.<\/p>\n

\"N\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0i<\/a>

N\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0i fr\u00e1 Retreat-h\u00e6linu e\u00f0a eftirl\u00edking af sl\u00edkum.<\/p><\/div>\n

\u00cd Kastalasafninu \u00ed J\u00f3rv\u00edk (York) \u00e1 Englandi eru nokkrir n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0ar fr\u00e1 \u00feessum t\u00edma, \u00fear \u00e1 me\u00f0al einn d\u00f6kkbl\u00e1r me\u00f0 lj\u00f3su munstri, \u00e1kaflega f\u00ednt prj\u00f3na\u00f0ur (14 lykkjur \u00ed sentimetra) og prj\u00f3na\u00f0 \u00ed hann or\u00f0in \u201eAn emblem of love\u201f (T\u00e1kn \u00e1star\/vinskapar). \u00c1 r\u00f6ndina milli tveggja disklaga stykkja er prj\u00f3na\u00f0 \u201eFrom the Retreat, near York\u201c.<\/p>\n

Retreat, \u00ed n\u00e1grenni J\u00f3rv\u00edkur, var fyrsta ge\u00f0sj\u00fakrah\u00fasi\u00f0 \u00e1 Englandi, \u00fe.e.a.s. stofnun af sl\u00edku tagi sem st\u00f3\u00f0 undir nafni en var ekki bara hryllings-geymsla undir hlekkja\u00f0a ge\u00f0sj\u00faklinga. S\u00e1 sem stofna\u00f0i Retreat \u00e1ri\u00f0 1792 var William Tuke<\/a>, kvekari og te-kaupma\u00f0ur. Kvekarar voru \u00f3l\u00edkir samt\u00edmam\u00f6nnum s\u00ednum a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed leyti a\u00f0 \u00feeir litu \u00e1 ge\u00f0sj\u00faka sem veikt f\u00f3lk og t\u00f6ldu a\u00f0 \u00fev\u00ed g\u00e6ti batna\u00f0 vi\u00f0 mann\u00fa\u00f0lega um\u00f6nnun og r\u00e9ttar a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0ur. Barnabarn Williams, Samuel Tuke, skrifa\u00f0i b\u00f3k um me\u00f0fer\u00f0ina sem veitt var \u00e1 Retreat<\/a> \u00a0og \u00fear kemur fram (\u00e1 s. 100) a\u00f0 prj\u00f3n var \u00e1liti\u00f0 \u00e6skilegur hluti af me\u00f0fer\u00f0 ge\u00f0sj\u00fakra kvenna. Kannski voru n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0arnir sem sj\u00faklingarnir \u00e1 Retreat prj\u00f3nu\u00f0u seldir sem gjafavara?<\/p>\n

Vegna ofs\u00f3kna heimafyrir fluttust margir kvekarar vestur um haf og ur\u00f0u s\u00e9rstaklega \u00e1hrifamiklir \u00ed Pennsylvan\u00edu. \u00deeir reistu m\u00f6rg h\u00e6li fyrir ge\u00f0sj\u00faka \u00fear vestra og \u00feeirra er s\u00e9rstaklega minnst \u00ed s\u00f6gu ge\u00f0l\u00e6kninga fyrir mann\u00fa\u00f0lega me\u00f0fer\u00f0 og vir\u00f0ingu fyrir sj\u00faklingunum, \u00f3l\u00edkt \u00fev\u00ed sem t\u00ed\u00f0ka\u00f0ist \u00e1 h\u00e6lum og sj\u00fakrah\u00fasum \u00e1 vegum hins opinbera e\u00f0a undir stj\u00f3rn l\u00e6kna.<\/p>\n

\"N\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0i<\/a>

N\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0i me\u00f0 \u00fatprj\u00f3nu\u00f0u bar\u00e1ttumerki William Wilberforce gegn \u00fer\u00e6lahaldi. Hinum megin stendur \u201ePity the poor slave\u201f.<\/p><\/div>\n

Kvekarar komu v\u00ed\u00f0ar vi\u00f0 s\u00f6gu b\u00e6ttra mannr\u00e9ttinda og s\u00e9r \u00feess einnegin sta\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeirra n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0um s.s. sj\u00e1 m\u00e1 \u00e1 myndinni h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan. Nefndur\u00a0Wilberforce<\/a> var \u00fe\u00f3 ekki kvekari heldur breskur stj\u00f3rnm\u00e1lama\u00f0ur sem bar\u00f0ist gegn \u00fer\u00e6lahaldi og t\u00f3kst \u00e1samt fylgism\u00f6nnum s\u00ednum a\u00f0 f\u00e1 sam\u00feykkt l\u00f6g sem b\u00f6nnu\u00f0u a\u00f0 bresk skip flyttu afr\u00edska \u00fer\u00e6la til breskra n\u00fdlenda, \u00e1ri\u00f0 1807. \u00dea\u00f0 var hins vegar ekki fyrr en m\u00e1nu\u00f0i eftir l\u00e1t hans 1833 sem l\u00f6g sem b\u00f6nnu\u00f0u \u00fer\u00e6lahald me\u00f0 \u00f6llu voru sam\u00feykkt \u00ed breska \u00feinginu.<\/p>\n

Fleiri n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0ar me\u00f0 \u00feessu merki eru til og eru yfirleitt taldir verk kvekara, b\u00e6\u00f0i bandar\u00edskra og breskra. Aftan \u00e1 einum \u00feeirra stendur \u201eAm I not your Sister?\u201c<\/p>\n

\"\u00deessir<\/a>

\u00deessir d\u00f6kkbl\u00e1u n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0ar eru \u00ed safni \u00ed Norfolk, Englandi.<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n

N\u00fa eru dagar prj\u00f3nu\u00f0u n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0anna li\u00f0nir \u00fe\u00f3tt komi\u00f0 s\u00e9 \u00ed d\u00e1l\u00edti\u00f0 t\u00edsku a\u00f0 prj\u00f3na eftirl\u00edkingar af \u00feeim, \u00e1 \u00f6rf\u00edna prj\u00f3na og \u00far f\u00ednu silkigarni. M\u00e9r hefur a\u00f0eins dotti\u00f0 \u00ed hug hvort j\u00f3lak\u00falurnar vins\u00e6lu (sem komu fram \u00e1 sj\u00f3narsvi\u00f0i\u00f0 \u00e1 \u00feessari \u00f6ld, kannski ekki fyrr um 2010) s\u00e6ki fyrirmynd s\u00edna \u00ed n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0a kvekara. Og v\u00e6ri \u00fe\u00e1 ekki upplagt a\u00f0 prj\u00f3na einhver fri\u00f0arins slagor\u00f0 \u00ed n\u00e6stu j\u00f3lak\u00falu?<\/p>\n

\"jolakulur\"<\/a><\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n

Heimildir a\u00f0rar en kr\u00e6kt er \u00ed \u00far texta<\/h4>\n

\u201eA Modern Campain<\/a>\u201f \u00e1 Remembering Slavery Online Exhibition. Tyne&Wear archives&museums.<\/em><\/p>\n

Quaker Sympathy<\/a>. Nilly Hall.<\/em><\/p>\n

The Retreat – York<\/a>, High Royds Hospital.<\/em><\/p>\n

Harlow, Eve. The Art of Knitting<\/em>. 1977.<\/p>\n

Nargi, Leila. Knitting Around the World<\/em>. 2011.<\/p>\n

Rutt, Richard. A History of Hand Knitting<\/em>, \u00f6nnur \u00fatg. 1989.<\/p>\n

Utenand, Erica. A Quaker Pinball to Knit. PieceWork<\/em>, 17<\/em>(5) 2009.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

  \u00deessi pistill fjallar um n\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0a \u00e1 \u00e1tj\u00e1ndu \u00f6ld, kvekara, ge\u00f0veikrah\u00e6li og mannr\u00e9ttindabar\u00e1ttu. N\u00e1lap\u00fa\u00f0inn sem s\u00e9st h\u00e9r a\u00f0 ofan er \u00ed safni Viktor\u00edu og Alberts \u00ed Lund\u00fanum (sj\u00e1 h\u00e9r) og er talinn me\u00f0 \u00feeim elstu …<\/span> Read More …<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"nf_dc_page":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[13],"tags":[42,38,39,40,41,28],"class_list":["post-961","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-saga-prjons","tag-gedveikrahaeli","tag-kvekarar","tag-nalapudar","tag-prjon","tag-prjon-fra-atjandu-old","tag-saga-prjons-2"],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/961","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=961"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/961\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":971,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/961\/revisions\/971"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=961"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=961"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/harpahreins.com\/blogg\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=961"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}